91 research outputs found
El vaso geminado de Cova dels Assedegats (VimbodĂ i Poblet, Conca de BarberĂ , Tarragona). Adenda a Soriano y AmorĂłs (2014)
En el nĂşmero 24 de la Revista d'Arqueologia de Ponent los autores publicaron un trabajo donde se recogĂan todos los ejemplares de vasos geminados documentados en el nordeste de la PenĂnsula IbĂ©rica ("El vaso geminado de Camp Cinzano (Vilafranca del Penedès, Barcelona) y las relaciones nordeste - levante - Valle del Ebro durante la Edad del Bronce", 2014: 9-25). En dicho artĂculo, uno de los geminados, procedente de Cova dels Assedegats, restaba pendiente de confirmaciĂłn al no poder corroborarse su existencia. Habiendo localizado dicho vaso, procedemos a su descripciĂłn morfolĂłgica, contexto de hallazgo y cronologĂa.In the 24th issue of the Revista d'Arqueologia de Ponent the authors published an article in which they listed all the geminate vessels documented in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula ("The geminate vessel from Camp Cinzano (Vilafranca del Penedès, Barcelona) and the relationships between the northeast, the Valencian region and the Ebro Valley on the Iberian Peninsula during the Bronze Age", 2014: 9-25). In that article one of the geminate vessels, that from Cova dels Assedegats, remained pending confirmation since we were unable to corroborate its existence. Having located that vessel, we now provide its morphological description, archaeological context and chronology
El vaso geminado de Camp Cinzano (Vilafranca del Penedès, Barcelona) y las relaciones nordeste – levante – Valle del Ebro durante la Edad del Bronce
Este trabajo presenta un nuevo vaso geminado recuperado en
el yacimiento de Camp Cinzano, un asentamiento del tipo “agrupamiento
de fosas” del Bronce Inicial fechado C14 entre 1900 y 1550
cal ANE. Se enumeran los restantes vasos geminados procedentes
del nordeste, segĂşn su descripciĂłn, contexto de hallazgo y cronologĂa.
La comparaciĂłn entre los materiales recuperados en dichos
yacimientos y en otros de la PenĂnsula IbĂ©rica con presencia de
vasos geminados muestra coincidencias importantes en diferentes
ámbitos de la cultura material (tipos cerámicos, técnicas alfareras,
tecnologĂa metalĂşrgica, industria Ăłsea). Estos datos constatan la
existencia durante la Edad del Bronce de fluidas relaciones entre
el nordeste y el levante (Bronce Valenciano), en términos de intercambios
o influencias. Por el contrario, entre el nordeste y el Valle
del Ebro se sugiere recuperar la hipĂłtesis, a corroborar o refutar
en el futuro, de la existencia de cierta unidad cultural (Bronce
Pirenaico), siguiendo el modelo planteado por otros investigadores
para los territorios al norte del Ebro
L’activité minière préhistorique dans le Nord-Est de la péninsule Ibérique. Étude sur la Coveta de l’Heura et l’exploitation du cuivre à la Solana del Bepo (Tarragone, Espagne)
Cet article présente le résultat d’une étude détaillée de la mine de la Solana del Bepo (Tarragone,
Espagne), ainsi que du site archéologique de la Coveta de l’Heura qui lui est lié. Ces deux
gisements, découverts peu après les années 1950, n’avaient été étudiés que de façon très
générale. Ces études ne résolvaient pas les questions en rapport avec les vestiges qui y ont été
retrouvés. D’un point de vue méthodologique, notre étude tient compte des aspects
archéologiques, historiques et archéométriques, ce qui permet de situer la mine dans son
contexte. Nous ne disposons pas de données chronologiques directes du site de la Solana del
Bepo, puisque les nombreux objets macrolithiques destinés à l’extraction minière qui y ont été
retrouvés ont bénéficié seulement d’un faible diagnostic de ce point de vue. Nous pouvons, en
revanche, dater le site voisin de la Coveta de l’Heura entre le Chalcolithique récent et le Bronze
ancien et moyen. D’autre part, la caractérisation isotopique des mines du bassin du Montsant,
dont la Solana del Bepo fait partie, et leur comparaison avec les analyses d’isotopes pratiquées
sur des vestiges de la région, permettent d’affirmer que l’exploitation minière du bassin pendant la
Préhistoire est une réalité démontrable. Les instruments d’exploitation minière récupérés à la
Solana del Bepo sont constitués d’un ensemble de 81 outils macrolithiques, dont la plupart sont
des pics avec un degré élevé d’élaboration, et qui présentent dans leur grande majorité des
dispositifs d’emmanchement. La Coveta de l’Heura a été utilisée, entre autres fonctions, comme
grotte funéraire, atelier de confection de pointes de flèches en silex et atelier métallurgique. Ses
caractéristiques matérielles correspondent pour la plupart au Chalcolithique récent, ce qui a été
corroboré par une datation au 14C, et en raison de ses similarités avec les groupes languedociens
de la fin du Néolithique. Concernant ce dernier aspect, il convient de mentionner la présence de
formes céramiques qui ont un lien évident avec les groupes chronoculturels du Véraza-
Fontbouïsse, ainsi qu’une perle en plomb – un élément très caractéristique de Fontbouïsse –
élaborée cependant avec du métal du bassin minier de Molar-Bellmunt-Falset, géographiquement
proche de celui du Montsant. Si nous considérons la région que nous étudions dans le contexte du
Nord-Est de la péninsule Ibérique, il est évident que c’est la zone qui dispose du plus grand
nombre de preuves d’activités minières et métallurgiques pour la période qui englobe le
Chalcolithique récent (2800-2300 cal. BC) et le Bronze ancien et moyen (2300-1300 cal. BC).
Concernant la première période, il conviendrait d’y inclure les preuves d’exploitation de minerai
des bassins miniers du Montsant et de Molar-Bellmunt-Falset, constituées respectivement par les
haches plates en cuivre de la Cova M d’Arbolà et par la perle en plomb de la Coveta de l’Heura.
Les sept vases à réduire les minerais de cuivre découverts se placent chronologiquement dans un
moment indéterminé de cette frange temporelle (2800-1300 BC). Le poignard aux trois rivets de la
Cova de la Font Major (L’Espluga de FrancolĂ), datĂ© de ca 1850 cal. BC, a Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ© avec du
minerai de cuivre du Montsant, ce qui certifie son exploitation entre le Bronze ancien et le Bronze
moyen. D’autre part, la découverte récente d’une nouvelle mine préhistorique dans le bassin du
Montsant, la mine de la Turquesa ou del Mas de les Moreres, en cours d’étude, a permis le mise
au jour de nouveaux outils miniers et fourni de nouvelles données analytiques, aussi bien du point
de vue de la composition que de l’isotopique, qui permettent une meilleure caractérisation de
l’exploitation minière du Nord-Est de la Péninsule Ibérique.En aquest article presentem el resultat d’un estudi detallat de la mina de la Solana del Bepo
(Tarragona, Espanya), aixà com del jaciment de la Coveta de l’Heura que ha estat tradicionalment
vinculat al primer. Descoberts la dècada dels 50, aquests jaciments només han estat estudiats de
manera molt general, sense resoldre les problemĂ tiques a ells associades. Des del punt de vista
metodològic, es tenen en consideració tant els aspectes arqueològics com els històrics i
arqueomètrics, cosa que permet situar la mina en el seu context. No disposem de dades
cronològiques directes de la Solana del Bepo i els instruments macrolĂtics recuperats destinats a
l’explotació minera només proporcionen indicacions tipo-cronològiques febles. Per contra, podem
datar la Coveta de l’Heura en el calcolĂtic final i el bronze inicial. La caracteritzaciĂł isotòpica de les
mines de la conca del Montsant, de la qual forma part la Solana, i la comparació d’aquestes dades
amb les anà lisis isòpiques realitzades sobre peces metà l · liques de la regió permeten afirmar que recuperats a la Solana constitueixen un conjunt de 81 artefactes, la major part dels quals són pics, la
majoria amb un alt grau de transformació, i presenten quasi sempre dispositius d’emmanegament. La
Coveta de l’Heura fou utilitzada successivament com a taller de puntes de sĂlex, com a cova funerĂ ria, i
com a taller metal · lúrgic. Les evidències materials recuperades a la cova corresponen en bona part al
calcolĂtic final, cosa que una dataciĂł radiocarbònica i les seves similituds amb els grups llenguadocians de finals del neolĂtic corroboren. Diferents formes cerĂ miques tenen lligams evidents amb els grups crono-culturals de VĂ©raza-FontbouĂŻsse, mentre que una dena de collaret en plom constitueix un element molt caracterĂstic de FontbouĂŻsse, tot i que estĂ elaborada localment amb mineral de la veĂŻna conca prioratina de Molar-Bellmunt-Falset. En el context catalĂ l’alt Priorat constitueix una de les zones amb mĂ©s testimonis d’activitats mineres i metal · lĂşrgiques en el perĂode que engloba el calcolĂtic recent (2800-2300 cal. BC) i el bronze inicial (2300-1300 cal. BC). En el primer d’aquests perĂodes se situen proves d’explotaciĂł de les conques dels Montsant i de Molar-Bellmunt-Falset, les destrals planes de coure de la cova M d’ArbolĂ en el primer cas i la dena de collaret de plom en el segon, entre altres. Les troballes de vasos de reducciĂł a la comarca i els seus voltants s’inscriuen en un moment indeterminat d’aquesta franja temporal (2800-1300 cal. BC). El punyal amb tres reblons de la cova de la Font Major de l’Espluga de FrancolĂ, datat ca 1850 cal. BC, fou elaborat amb coure del Montsant, fet que certifica l’explotaciĂł en aquests moments. Per altra banda, la descoberta recent d’una nova mina prehistòrica, la Mina de la Turquesa o del Mas de les Moreres, en curs d’estudi, ha permès recuperar un important lot d’estris miners de pedra, aixĂ com noves dades analĂtiques que permeten una caracteritzaciĂł millor de les explotacions mineres a Catalunya.Since the year 2000 we have been undertaking a research programme into prehistoric mining and
metallurgy. It focuses on the contextual and archaeometric characterisation (composition and lead isotope analyses) of the Priorat mining and metallurgy basins (Tarragona province, Spain) : the Molar-Bellmunt-Falset basin to the south and the Montsant basin to the north. In recent years our research has focused on the latter zone, which has a high density of metal mineral resources (copper and lead). Our work to date has followed three parallel and interconnected lines of research : a) geomineral surveys and the analytical characterisation of more than a dozen mines in the area ; b) archaeometric analyses and the study and reinterpretation of archaeological data from earlier field research ; and c) the localisation and excavation of a previously unstudied prehistoric copper mine, La Turquesa or Mas de les Moreres (Cornudella de Montsant). The contribution we present here focuses on the second line of research and is based on a detailed study of La Solana del Bepo mine, as well as the related La Coveta de l’Heura (Ulldemolins) archaeological site. Both sites were discovered just before the middle of the last century, but only very generalist studies have been made of them to date. None of these studies has emphasised the importance of the documented archaeological evidence of prehistoric mining and metallurgy in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula. In methodological terms, this study takes into account the archaeological, historical and archaeometric aspects, thus placing the sites in their correct regional context. The mining tools found at La Solana del Bepo are unique in the whole north-east : the assemblage of finds from the survey consists of 81 macrolithic artefacts, mainly highly intensively manufactured picks, most of which have fittings for handles. The main aspects revealed by the traceological study and analysis of the tools are the use of local rock types, the continuous reuse of tools, even after they were broken, and the presence of copper residue on some percussion surfaces. We have no direct chronological data as, although abundant, the tools provide little information in this respect ; however, we can date the neighbouring La Coveta de l’Heura archaeological site between the Late Chalcolithic (2800-2300 cal. BC) and the Early to Middle Bronze Age (2300-1300 cal. BC). On the other hand, the isotopic characterisation of the Montsant basin mines, of which Solana del Bepo is one, and its comparison with the isotopic analyses of finds from the area, prove that mining activities were carried out there during prehistory. La Coveta de l’Heura, located barely half a kilometre from Solana del Bepo, is an archaeological site in a para-dolmenic shelter that at different times has served as a collective burial site, a flint arrowhead workshop and a metallurgic workshop. The evidence
for metallurgy consists of a smelting vessel, pieces of copper-bearing mineral, various bronze smelting
remains, a copper awl and a rolled bronze plate bead. The assemblage of finds, which shows affinities with the FontbouĂŻsse horizon, is mainly from the Late Neolithic/ Chalcolithic and we have a radiometric dating to corroborate this. Especially noteworthy are the pottery finds that are clearly related to the Neolithic of the Languedoc, as well as a lead bead, a type of ornament highly characteristic of FontbouĂŻsse and the only one of its type documented to date on the whole of the Iberian Peninsula. However, in this case the bead is made of local lead. Other finds, for example the evidence of bronze, indicate that the shelter was also used during the Early and Middle Bronze Age. If we look at our study zone in the context of the north-eastern Iberian Peninsula, there can be no doubt that both in relative and absolute terms it is the area with the largest amount of evidence of prehistoric mining and metallurgy. It is in the Late Chalcolithic (2800-2300 ca. BC) that we have to place the evidence of mineral exploitation in the Montsant and Molar-Bellmunt-Falset mining basins, a chronology corroborated by lead isotope data from the flat axes found at Cova M in ArbolĂ and the lead bead from La Coveta de l’Heura. With the current state of art, we are unable to specify between that period and the Early and Middle Bronze Age (2300-1300 cal. BC). We can highlight the find of eight smelting vessels, one of which appears to have been used for smelting mineral ore from the Montsant basin. The three-rivet dagger from La Cova de la Font Major (L’Espluga de FrancolĂ), dated to c. 1850 cal. BC, was made of copper mineral from Montsant and confirms mining in that area between the Early and Middle Bronze Age. On the other hand, the recent discovery of a previously unknown prehistoric mine in the Montsant basin, La Turquesa or Mas de les Moreres, which is still being studied, has given us another unique set of mining tools (almost 75 implements), together with analytical data, both compositional and isotopic, with which we can improve our characterisation of mining in the north-eastern Iberian Peninsula
Moldes para puñales en la PenĂnsula IbĂ©rica durante la Edad del Bronce. El caso de Camp Cinzano (Vilafranca del Penedès, Alt Penedès, Barcelona)
The Bronze Age settlement of Camp Cinzano (Vilafranca del Penedès, Alt Penedès, Barcelona province) yielded a riveted dagger stone mould in a funerary context C14 dated to c. 1850 cal BC. We examine the characteristics of the mould (typology and raw material) and the metal artifact found at the site and relate them to the metallurgy of the 2nd Millennium BC in the Northeastern Iberian Peninsula. We present the few comparable dagger moulds existing in the Iberian Peninsula and the Western Mediterranean and discuss the possible reasons for their rarity in the archaeological record. The data indicate two possible places of origin for the mould studied: the East coast of the Iberian Peninsula and Northern Italy (the Polada group). The latter is an area which exhibits greater interaction and relationships with the Northeastern Iberian Peninsula in the metallurgic sphere.Un molde lĂtico para puñales fue localizado en un contexto funerario fechado mediante C14 en c. 1850 cal ANE en el asentamiento de la Edad del Bronce de Camp Cinzano (Vilafranca del Penedès, Alt Penedès, Barcelona). Se estudian la tipologĂa y materia prima del molde y las caracterĂsticas del artefacto metálico moldeado en el, relacionándolas con la metalurgia del II milenio del nordeste de la PenĂnsula IbĂ©rica. Se exponen los escasos paralelos de moldes para puñales existentes en la PenĂnsula IbĂ©rica y en el Mediterráneo Occidental, asĂ como las posibles razones de su ausencia en el registro arqueolĂłgico. Los datos sugieren dos lugares de origen para el molde estudiado, el Levante ibĂ©rico y el norte de Italia (grupos de Polada). Esta Ăşltima zona mantiene mayores relaciones e interacciones en el ámbito metalĂşrgico con el nordeste de la PenĂnsula IbĂ©rica
El vaso geminado de Camp Cinzano (Vilafranca del Penedès, Barcelona) y las relaciones nordeste - levante - Valle del Ebro durante la Edad del Bronce
Este trabajo presenta un nuevo vaso geminado recuperado en el yacimiento de Camp Cinzano, un asentamiento del tipo "agrupamiento de fosas" del Bronce Inicial fechado C14 entre 1900 y 1550 cal ANE. Se enumeran los restantes vasos geminados procedentes del nordeste, segĂşn su descripciĂłn, contexto de hallazgo y cronologĂa. La comparaciĂłn entre los materiales recuperados en dichos yacimientos y en otros de la PenĂnsula IbĂ©rica con presencia de vasos geminados muestra coincidencias importantes en diferentes ámbitos de la cultura material (tipos cerámicos, tĂ©cnicas alfareras, tecnologĂa metalĂşrgica, industria Ăłsea). Estos datos constatan la existencia durante la Edad del Bronce de fluidas relaciones entre el nordeste y el levante (Bronce Valenciano), en tĂ©rminos de intercambios o influencias. Por el contrario, entre el nordeste y el Valle del Ebro se sugiere recuperar la hipĂłtesis, a corroborar o refutar en el futuro, de la existencia de cierta unidad cultural (Bronce Pirenaico), siguiendo el modelo planteado por otros investigadores para los territorios al norte del Ebro.This paper presents a new geminate vessel found at the site of Camp Cinzano, an Early Bronze Age "silo field"-type settlement, C14 dated to between 1900 and 1550 cal BC. Other geminate vessels from the northeast are listed according to their description, archaeological context and chronology. The comparison between the materials recovered at these and other sites on the Iberian Peninsula with geminate vessels shows significant coincidences in different fields of material culture (pottery types, pottery techniques, metallurgical technology and worked bone). These data confirm the existence during the Bronze Age of fluent relations between the northeast and the Valencian region (Valencian Bronze) in terms of exchange or contacts. In contrast, it is suggested we review those between the northeast and the Ebro Valley to corroborate or refute in the future the hypothesis that there was a certain cultural unity (Pyrenean Bronze), following the model outlined by other researchers for the territories to the north of the Ebro
La primera explotació de coure a Catalunya. Dades arqueològiques i arqueomètriques de la Mina de la Turquesa (Cornudella de Montsant, Priorat)
Aquest treball exposa l’estat de la recerca a la mina de coure de la Turquesa (Cornudella de Montsant Priorat) l’explotaciĂł prehistòrica que vam identificar l’any 2011. Es van realitzar tres campanyes d’excavaciĂł que han permès recuperar i estudiar 117 artefactes lĂtics miners i s’han analitzat mostres de minerals i roques del jaciment amb diverses tècniques (isòtops de plom fluorescència de raigs X i difracciĂł de raigs X). Els resultats obtinguts permeten detectar coincidències amb altres elements metal·lĂşrgics de la zona i datar la primera explotaciĂł de la mina durant el III mil·lenni cal ANE
La formaciĂłn del Estado en el Valle Medio del RĂo Amarillo. Un acercamiento teĂłrico y práctico a los inicios de la Edad del Bronce en China
L'objectiu de l'estudi Ă©s respondre a la pregunta: Quan i emprant quins criteris es possible afirmar l'existència d'Estat a la Xina? A l'apartat teòric es realitza una revisiĂł crĂtica de la categoria "Mode de ProducciĂł AsiĂ tic" i de les diferents definicions i causes de desenvolupament de l'Estat. Es presenten els fonaments d'una concepciĂł materialista històrica de l'Estat. A l'apartat prĂ ctic es contrasta la hipòtesi de l'existència d'Estat analitzant dues societats successives: els grups neolĂtics Henan Longshan (2800-1900 cal ANE) i els Erlitou d'inicis de l'Edat del Bronze (1900-1500 cal ANE
Moldes para puñales en la PenĂnsula IbĂ©rica durante la Edad del Bronce. El caso de Camp Cinzano (Vilafranca del Penedès, Alt Penedès, Barcelona)
The Bronze Age settlement of Camp Cinzano (Vilafranca del Penedès, Alt Penedès, Barcelona province) yielded a riveted dagger stone mould in a funerary context C14 dated to c. 1850 cal BC. We examine the characteristics of the mould (typology and raw material) and the metal artifact found at the site and relate them to the metallurgy of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Millennium BC in the Northeastern Iberian Peninsula. We present the few comparable dagger moulds existing in the Iberian Peninsula and the Western Mediterranean and discuss the possible reasons for their rarity in the archaeological record. The data indicate two possible places of origin for the mould studied: the East coast of the Iberian Peninsula and Northern Italy (the Polada group). The latter is an area which exhibits greater interaction and relationships with the Northeastern Iberian Peninsula in the metallurgic sphere.<br><br>Un molde lĂtico para puñales fue localizado en un contexto funerario fechado mediante C14 en c. 1850 cal ANE en el asentamiento de la Edad del Bronce de Camp Cinzano (Vilafranca del Penedès, Alt Penedès, Barcelona). Se estudian la tipologĂa y materia prima del molde y las caracterĂsticas del artefacto metálico moldeado en el, relacionándolas con la metalurgia del II milenio del nordeste de la PenĂnsula IbĂ©rica. Se exponen los escasos paralelos de moldes para puñales existentes en la PenĂnsula IbĂ©rica y en el Mediterráneo Occidental, asĂ como las posibles razones de su ausencia en el registro arqueolĂłgico. Los datos sugieren dos lugares de origen para el molde estudiado, el Levante ibĂ©rico y el norte de Italia (grupos de Polada). Esta Ăşltima zona mantiene mayores relaciones e interacciones en el ámbito metalĂşrgico con el nordeste de la PenĂnsula IbĂ©rica
Axillary lymph node imaging in mRNA, vector-based, and mix-and-match COVID-19 vaccine recipients: ultrasound features
Objectives To assess ultrasound characteristics of ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes after two doses of four different COVID-19
vaccination protocols, to determine whether these parameters differed with age, and to describe how they changed on follow-up
imaging.
Methods A total of 247 volunteer employees from our center who had received two doses of COVID-19 vaccination were
recruited and followed prospectively. Axillary ultrasound of the ipsilateral vaccinated arm was performed the week after
receiving the second dose to analyze lymph node features (number, long-axis, cortical thickness, morphology, and vascular
imaging). Axillary lymphadenopathy resulting from four vaccination protocols—mRNA (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273),
ChAdOx1-S, and mix-and-match—was compared. Analysis was conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc analysis
with Bonferroni corrections. Nodal reactogenicity was evaluated for two age groups: young (< 45 years old) and middle-aged ( ≥
45 years old). All parameters were compared between both groups using an unpaired-sample Student t test. A p value < 0.05 was
considered statistically significant.
Results Significantly higher values for total number of visible nodes, cortical thickness, Bedi’s classification (p < 0.001), and
vascularity (p < 0.05) were observed in mRNA vaccine recipients compared to full ChAdOx1-S protocol recipients. Moreover,
mix-and-match protocol recipients showed greater nodal cortical thickness and higher Bedi’s classification than full ChAdOx1-S
recipients (p < 0.001). Analyses between age groups revealed greater cortical thickness, Bedi’s classification, and color Doppler
signal in younger patients (p < 0.05).
Conclusions Nodal parameters of Bedi’s classification and cortical thickness were more often increased in mRNA and mix-andmatch vaccine recipients when compared to ChAdOx1-S vaccine alone, especially in younger patients.
Key Points
• Hyperplastic lymphadenopathy was observed more frequently in mRNA and mix-and-match vaccine protocols compared to full
vector-based vaccination.
• Higher values for cortical thickness, Bedi’s classification, and color Doppler signal parameters were identified in younger
patients.
• Observed lymph node findings normalized in greater than 80% of patients by the third month following vaccination
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