Material Cost Optimization and Quality Control Improvement of Building Construction

A building construction project cannot be completed successfully by only planning and scheduling. Project controlling that consists of project monitoring and updating, is the other critical stage. Construction materials cost and quality are becoming a severe problem in Ethiopia, especially in Ambo Town, where little consideration is given. The study tried to evaluate different factors affecting the materials cost and quality on building construction site, rank significant factors that are prevalently affecting the cost and quality of materials used for building projects from the point of view of the respondents, and established a model to optimize materials cost and materials quality using multilinear regression method to come up with the model best fit. Purposive sampling was used, and 180 questionnaires were administered to building construction firms to analyze Material cost Optimization and quality control ImprovementCase Study of Ambo Town. To achieve this, a questionnaire survey containing factors affecting Building construction material cost and quality, which were identified by literature and Interview, was analyzed by using the Relative Importance Index, Pearson's correlation, and Multilinear regression model. Variables are statistically significant at 95% confidence level is assessed that all of the independent variables are positively related to Building Construction material cost and quality. The RII results showed that Material Wastage minimization (RII = 0.908), Proper workmanship (RII= 0.859), Sufficient Training of workers/staff (RII = 0.876), Proper forecasting of materials price in the market (RII = 0.850), Using suitable, safe and secure storage (RII = 0.886), Quality checking for each delivery of the aggregates to the site (RII = 0.889), Cutting of materials ( glass, tiles, plywood) (RII = 0.870) and Design changes (RII = 0.770) were ranked as the most significant among factors affecting building construction materials. Also, two Multiple linear regression models were established for both dependent variables (material cost and material quality). The analysis results showed all independent variables were significant and had a strong positive relationship with dependent variables. The values of R2 for the developed equations indicated 0.771 for material cost and 0.777 for material quality. Hence, the basic recommendations such as planning and monitoring construction activities and inspection and verification of materials were anticipated to be exercised by key role players of the construction industry

Evidence for the In‐Situ Generation of Plasma Depletion Structures Over the Transition Region of Geomagnetic Low‐Mid Latitude

On a geomagnetic quiet night of October 29, 2018, we captured an observational evidence of the onset of dark band structures within the field-of-view of an all-sky airglow imager operating at 630.0 nm over a geomagnetic low-mid latitude transition region, Hanle, Leh Ladakh. Simultaneous ionosonde observations over New Delhi shows the occurrence of spread-F in the ionograms. Additionally, virtual and peak height indicate vertical upliftment in the F layer altitude and reduction in the ionospheric peak frequency were also observed when the dark band pass through the ionosonde location. All these results confirmed that the observed depletions are indeed associated with ionospheric F region plasma irregularities. The rate of total electron content index (ROTI) indicates the absence of plasma bubble activities over the equatorial/low latitude region which confirms that the observed event is a mid-latitude plasma depletion. Our calculations reveal that the growth time of the plasma depletion is ∼2 h if one considers only the Perkins instability mechanism. This is not consistent with the present observations as the plasma depletion developed within ∼25 min. By invoking possible Es layer instabilities and associated E-F region coupling, we show that the growth rate increases roughly by an order of magnitude. This strongly suggests that the Cosgrove and Tsunoda mechanism may be simultaneously operational in this case. Furthermore, it is also suggested that reduced F region flux-tube integrated conductivity in the southern part of onset region created conducive background conditions for the growth of the plasma depletion on this night

NASA Planetary Mission Concept Study: Assessing: Dwarf Planet Ceres' past and Present Habitability Potential

The Dawn mission revolutionized our understanding of Ceres during the same decade that has also witnessed the rise of ocean worlds as a research and exploration focus. We will report progress on the Planetary Mission Concept Study (PMCS) on the future exploration of Ceres under the New Frontiers or Flagship program that was selected for NASA funding in October 2019. At the time this writing, the study was just kicked off, hence this abstract reports the study plan as presented in the proposal

Cryovolcanic rates on Ceres revealed by topography

Cryovolcanism, defined here as the extrusion of icy material from depth, may be an important planetary phenomenon in shaping the surfaces of many worlds in the outer Solar System and revealing their thermal histories. However, the physics, chemistry and ubiquity of this geologic process remain poorly understood, especially in comparison to the better-studied silicate volcanism on the terrestrial planets. Ceres is the only plausibly cryovolcanic world to be orbited by a spacecraft up to now, making it the best opportunity to test the importance of cryovolcanism on bodies in the outer Solar System and compare its effects to silicate volcanism on terrestrial planets. Here, we analyse images from NASA’s Dawn mission and use the finite element method to show that Ceres has experienced cryovolcanism throughout its geologic history, with an average cryomagma extrusion rate of ~10^4 m^3 yr^(−1). This result shows that volcanic phenomena are important on Ceres, but orders of magnitude less so than on the terrestrial planets

Summary of the Results from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter after Seven Years in Lunar Orbit

In June 2009 the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft was launched to the Moon. The payload consists of 7 science instruments selected to characterize sites for future robotic and human missions. Among them, the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) was designed to obtain altimetry, surface roughness, and reflectance measurements. The primary phase of lunar exploration lasted one year, following a 3-month commissioning phase. On completion of its exploration objectives, the LRO mission transitioned to a science mission. After 7 years in lunar orbit, the LOLA instrument continues to map the lunar surface. The LOLA dataset is one of the foundational datasets acquired by the various LRO instruments. LOLA provided a high-accuracy global geodetic reference frame to which past, present and future lunar observations can be referenced. It also obtained high-resolution and accurate global topography that were used to determine regions in permanent shadow at the lunar poles. LOLA further contributed to the study of polar volatiles through its unique measurement of surface brightness at zero phase, which revealed anomalies in several polar craters that may indicate the presence of water ice. In this paper, we describe the many LOLA accomplishments to date and its contribution to lunar and planetary science

Science Opportunities offered by Mercury's Ice-Bearing Polar Deposits

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The fractured Moon: Production and saturation of porosity in the lunar highlands from impact cratering

We have analyzed the Bouguer anomaly (BA) of ~1200 complex craters in the lunar highlands from Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory observations. The BA of these craters is generally negative, though positive BA values are observed, particularly for smaller craters. Crater BA values scale inversely with crater diameter, quantifying how larger impacts produce more extensive fracturing and dilatant bulking. The Bouguer anomaly of craters larger than urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl53324:grl53324-math-0001 km in diameter is independent of crater size, indicating that there is a limiting depth to impact‐generated porosity, presumably from pore collapse associated with either overburden pressure or viscous flow. Impact‐generated porosity of the bulk lunar crust is likely in a state of equilibrium for craters smaller than ~30 km in diameter, consistent with an ~8 km thick lunar megaregolith, whereas the gravity signature of larger craters is still preserved and provides new insight into the cratering record of even the oldest lunar surfaces

"Now I know the terrain": phenomenological exploration of CFTs learning on evidence-based practice

Couple and family therapists are rarely the focus of research yet are critical for positive outcomes in therapy. The attempts to integrate evidence-based approaches into the practice of couple and family therapy have been controversial resulting in passionate and at times divisive dialogue. The aims of this research project were to explore what do couple and family therapists experience when learning an evidence-based approach to working with couples and families. A total of 14 couple and family therapists were interviewed about their experience with learning an evidence-based approach. The research was guided methodologically by interpretive phenomenological analysis. Three themes emerged from the participants’ experiences including: the supports and challenges in learning; the embodiment of a therapy practice; and the experience of shame while learning

Model Pelayanan Pastoral Konseling terhadap Orang Sakit Berdasarkan Lukas 10:33-35 : Model Pastoral Counseling Services For The Sick Based On Luke 10: 33-35

Pastoral counseling services for the sick are services that complement the services that have been carried out by health workers and other officers who want to help patients experience healing. Pastoral counseling services are different from other services in general, because these services not only emphasize physical healing but services that touch all aspects of human life, both physically, mentally and spiritually. This ministry emphasizes service so that people when they are experiencing pain can understand God's plan in their lives, and they can even accept pain as a tool for paradigm change and be able to improve their behavior so that they become better and healthier individuals.   ==== Pelayanan pastoral konseling terhadap orang sakit adalah pelayanan yang memperlengkapi pelayanan yang selama ini dilakukan oleh para petugas kesehatan dan petugas lainnya yang ingin menolong para pasien mengalami kesembuhan.  Pelayanan pastoral konseling berbeda dengan pelayanan lainnya secara umum, karena pelayanan ini bukan hanya menekankan pada penyembuhan secara fisik saja tetapi pelayanan yang meyentuh seluruh aspek kehidupan manusia, baik secara fisik, jiwa dan roh/spiritualnya.  Pelayanan ini menekankan pada pelayanan agar manusia saat mengalami sakit dapat memahami rencana Allah dalam hidupnya, dan bahkan mereka dapat menerima rasa sakit sebagai alat bagi Perubahan paradigma dan mampu memperbaiki perilaku mereka agar mereka menjadi pribadi yang lebih baik dan lebih sehat. &nbsp