CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI FIKIH SOSIAL UNTUK PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as an Implementation of Social Fiqh to Empower Society. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the responsibility of businesses in their undertakings. CSR in the perspective of social fiqh is no only position as an obligation of business that must be there as a part of social life. The government must support business in implementing CSR from voluntary to mandatory requirements so that the existence of CSR can be felt in reality by society. Optimisation of the CSR function in the supporting the success of development can be undertaken by synergising three potentials, namely tertiary education institutions who have the science, sufficient technology and human resources; government who has the space, society and development plans as well as businesses who possess CSR funding.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i1.125

Access To Justice of Citizenship Rights for Stateless Indonesian Migrant Workers’ Children In Sarawak, Malaysia

As one of the countries that ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1990 which was subsequently promulgated into the Child Protection Act, Indonesia is still unsuccessful in protecting children. This mainly occurs in the context of protection illegal migrant workers’ children who were born in the country where their parents work. In Sarawak, Malaysia, for instance, there are 43,445 stateless children. This study aims to portray the stateless children in Sarawak, Malaysia, and the efforts of the Indonesian government to protect their right to access justice. This research is normative-qualitative with observations and in-depth interviews with consultant general staff and Indonesian volunteers In Sarawak as one of the main research methods. The results of this study indicate that stateless condition makes it possible for the children to get other rights, such as education. Meanwhile, the Indonesian government has already made regulations and efforts to provide access to basic human rights for children of stateless migrant workers, including itsbat nikah abroad to legalize unregistered marriage among workers. However, it has not been fully successful because the problems are so complex that it needs to involve several parties, especially the Malaysian government, and plantation owners as employers of the migrant workers. Likewise, harder and more coordinated efforts are also needed to fulfill their citizenship right. (Sebagai salah satu negara yang meratifikasi Konvensi PBB tentang Hak Anak pada 1990 dan kemudian dikristalkan menjadi Undang-undang Perlidungan Anak, Indonesia ternyata belum sepenuhnya berhasil melindungi hak-hak anak. Ini utamanya berlaku dalam konteks perlindungan terhadap anak para buruh migran yang lahir dan tinggal di negara tempat orang tuanya bekerja. Di Sarawak, Malaysia, ada 43.445 anak-anak tanpa kewarganegaraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memotret kondisi anak buruh migran ilegal tanpa kewarganegaraan di Serawak, Malaysia, serta menjelaskan upaya pemerintah Indonesia untuk melindungi hak-hak mereka. Penelitian ini bersifat normatif-kualitatif dengan observasi dan wawancara mendalam kepada pegawai Konsulat Jenderal dan relawan Indonesia sebagai salah satu metode penggalian data utamanya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa status tanpa kewarganegaraan menghalangi anak-anak tersebut mengakses hak-haknya yang lain, semisal pendidikan. Sementara itu, pemerintah Indonesia sudah memiliki beberapa aturan tertulis dan berupaya memberikan akses keadilan bagi anak para buruh migran tersebut, termasuk melalui program itsbat nikah di luar negeri. Namun demikian, situasi belum sepenuhnya terkendali karena permasalahan yang begitu kompleks dan mengharuskan keterlibatan banyak pihak, utamanya pemerintah Malaysia dan para pemilik perkebunan. Perlu juga dilakukan upaya yang lebih keras dan terkordinasi agar hak-hak tersebut dapat terpenuhi.)Indonesia salah satu negara yang meratifikasi United Nations Convention on The Rights of the Child tahun 1990, yang selanjutnya diundangkan menjadi Undang-undang Perlidungan Anak. Namun demikian, Indonesia masih belum cukup berhasil dalam memberikan proteksi kepada anak-anak. Salah satunya adalah memberikan perlindungan pada anak-anak buruh migrant illegal yang lahir di negara tempat mereka bekerja. Tercatat 43.445 anak-anak tanpa kewarganegaraan di Sarawak Malaysia. Karena tidak memiliki kewarganegaraan, mereka menjadi tidak memiliki akses untuk mendapatkan hak yang paling pendasar seperti Pendidikan.                Metode penelitian yang digunakan  memadukan dua metode yaitu yuridis normative dan socio legal research. Tujuannya  untuk melihat apakah hukum  yang tertulis dalam pakteknya dapat memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi anak buruh migran penyandang stateless atau tidak.  Penelitian ini dapat mengidentifikasi kendala yang dihadapi agar  memperoleh solusi yang tepat.                  Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah Indonesia sudah memiliki aturan tertulis dan sudah melakukan upaya memberikan akses keadilan bagi anak buruh migran yang berstatus stateless, namun belum sepenuhnya berhasil karena permasalahannya yang begitu kompleks dan harus melibatkan beberapa pihak terutama bekerjasama dengan pemerintah Malaysia dan para pemilik perkebunan.  Perlu upaya yang lebih keras dan terkordinasi, agar hak  atas hak memiliki identitas negara bagi anak buruh migran dapat terpenuhi

Sulūk al-Qāḍī: Muqāranah Bayna Mafhūm al-Māwardī fī Kitāb Adab al-Qāḍī wa Qawā’id Sulūk al-Qaḍa fī Indūnīsiyā

This study compares the Judicial Code of Conduct formulated by the Supreme Court of Indonesia and the classical Islamic jurisprudence using the case of the book of Adab al-Qāḍī by Al-Māwardī. The study uses a comparative legal approach to see how these two concepts discuss the integrity of judges. This study found that the Judicial Code of Conduct in Indonesia comes from Islamic law, which Al-Māwardī also uses. The Judicial Code of Conduct concept in Indonesia is in line with the theory of moral idealism, which views humans as moral beings who serve as guidelines for human attitudes and behavior. This is in line with the idea of the unity of the relationship between law and morality. Not all Code of Judicial Ethics in the book "Adab al-Qāḍī " is relevant in Indonesia. However, it cannot be ignored the importance of this book as one of the references in preparing the Judicial Code of Conduct in Indonesia.  Abstrak: Penelitian ini membandingkan Kode Etik Peradilan yang dirumuskan oleh Mahkamah Agung Indonesia dan yurisprudensi Islam klasik yang berdasar kitab Adabu al-Qāḍī karya Al-Māwardī. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan hukum komparatif untuk melihat bagaimana kedua konsep tersebut membahas integritas hakim. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa Kode Etik Peradilan di Indonesia bersumber dari hukum Islam, yang juga digunakan oleh Al-Māwardī. Konsep Kode Etik Peradilan di Indonesia sejalan dengan teori idealisme moral yang memandang manusia sebagai makhluk bermoral yang menjadi pedoman sikap dan perilaku manusia. Hal ini sejalan dengan gagasan kesatuan hubungan antara hukum dan moralitas. Adapun Kode Etik Peradilan yang terdapat dalam Adab al-Qāḍī tidak semuanya relevan untuk diterapkan di Indonesia. Namun demikian, buku ini tetap penting untuk dijadikan salah satu acuan dalam penyusunan Kode Etik Peradilan di Indonesia

Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Agama Model Jamaah Tabligh (Studi Kasus Di Pondok Pesantren Al-Madani Purwasari Garawangi Kuningan)

The reality of students who have distinctive characteristics with other pesantren in Kuningan, from the way of dress and programs owned by Pesantren Al-Madani, with the model approach of worshippers Tabligh. This research aims to reveal theoretically and empirically the process of planting religious values of the model of pilgrims Tabligh, and how success and what are the supporting factors and the termination. This type of research is a field study with a qualitative descriptive analysis approach. Data collection Techniques: observation, interviews, documentation, and triangulation. The data analysis is done comprehensively conducted since the beginning of research and during the research process until the end of the conclusion. In conclusion: Internalization of religious values Tabligh model is done through the six basic principles: realizing the shahadatain, prayer with solemnity and Khudu, science and dhikr, glorify fellow Muslims, correcting intentions, and Khuruj fi Sabilillah. Then the success found in instilling the religious values of the model of worshippers Tabligh. The supporting factors, including Streangths are; The existence of Pesantren, an Islamic environment, Kyai leadership style, classical and modern methods. Chances There is a form of support and recognition from the government, Islamic educational institutions that open themselves to all circles. The inhibitory factor includes its weakness; The double role that Kyai has, the lack of awareness to apply what has been learned in the hut, facility facilities, infrastructure that still lacks support. Challenge Cultural influences and the flow of information globally as well as the background of the different students.Realita santri yang mempunyai ciri khas yang berbeda dengan pesantren lain yang ada di Kabupaten Kuningan, dari mulai cara berpakaian dan program yang dimiliki Pondok Pesantren Al-Madani, dengan menggunakan pendekatan model jamaah tabligh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan secara teoritis dan empiris proses penanaman nilai-nilai agama model jamaah tabligh yang dilakukan Kiai di Pondok Pesantren Al-Madani, dan bagaimana keberhasilannya serta apa saja faktor pendukung dan penghambatnya. Jenis  penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan field research dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan triangulasi. Adapun  analisis data dilakukan secara komprehensif dilakukan sejak awal penelitian dan selama proses penelitian sampai kepada akhir kesimpulan. Kesimpulan penelitian: Pertama, internalisasi nilai-nilai agama model jamaah tabligh dilakukan melalui enam prinsip dasar yaitu, merealisasikan kalimah tayyibah/syahadatain, shalat dengan khusu dan khudu, ilmu dan dzikir, memuliakan sesama muslim, mengoreksi niat/ikhlas, dan khuruj fi sabilillah. Kedua, keberhasilan ditemukan dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai agama model jamaah tabligh di pondok pesantren Al-Madani. Ketiga, faktor pendukungnya, meliputi Streangths adalah; eksistensi Pondok Pesantren Al-Madani, lingkungan pondok pesantren yang Islami,  gaya kepemimpinan Kyai, metode yang klasik dan modern. Adapun Peluangnya; Adanya bentuk dukungan dan pengakuan dari pemerintahan, lembaga pendidikan Islam yang membuka diri untuk seluruh kalangan. Faktor penghambat meliputi kelemahanya adalah; peran ganda yang dimiliki Kyai, kurangnya kesadaran santri untuk mengaplikasikan apa yang telah dipelajari di pondok, fasilitas sarana, prasarana dan lainnya yang masih kurang mendukung. Tantanganya; pengaruh budaya dan arus informasi yang global serta latar belakang keberagamaan santri yang berbeda

IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENERIMAAN SISWA BARU MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (Study Kasus : SMK Negeri 3 Kuningan)

Acceptance of New Students is one of the existing processes in educational institutions such as schools that are useful for screening prospective students who are selected according to the criteria determined by the school to be students students. In general, the process of Admission New Students through the stages of registration, selection tests and announcement of student acceptance.In this research, its application to SMK Negeri 3 Kuningan where in the process of New Student Admission must be decided quickly and precisely therefore it is needed Decision Support System to assist the committee of PPDB in decision making. The method used in this Decision Support System is by Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method.In building this system using the software development method Waterfall model and required tools used for the design include: Flowmap, Context Diagram, Data Flow Diagram, Entity Relationship Diagram And Data Dictionary, created using Microsoft Visio applications. Data collection methods used in the preparation of this thesis is Observation, Library Studies and Interview. This system was developed using PHP and MySQL as database server.The result of this research is decision support system in new student acceptance by using Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method which gives more optimal result in management and value calculation so that PPDB committee can give quick decision.Keywords: New Student Acceptance, Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), Waterfall, DFD, PHP MySQ

Degradation of Customary Inheritance Law in the Sai Batin Lampung Tribe

The Sai Batin indigenous people use the “jujur” form of marriage the male majorate inheritance system, a system in which the oldest son is entitled to all inheritance and is the successor of their descendants. So strong is the position of sons in the family that if a family does not have a son, then the family is considered as having no or broken offspring. For this reason, in the Sai Batin kinship system, the adoption of a son, either from an internal or external family, is an alternative solution. This research is qualitative research using the Islamic Law Anthropology approach. In the data collection stage, the writer used the dept-interview technique combined with a survey. This research concludes that although most of the Sai Batin tribes still adhere to the customary inheritance system, however, there has been a tendency to no longer use customary law, especially in matters of inheritance, because it is considered unfair. This is indicated by the tendency of parents to bequeath property to all their children through a grant mechanism or to distribute inheritance based on Islamic inheritance law. This change is influenced by many factors, including the most dominant factors are education, economy, and social interaction

Child Exploitation by Parents in Early Marriage: Case Study in Cianjur West Java, Indonesia

Parents should protect their children. Child exploitation by parents is a cruel act. One form of parental deprivation of children’s rights is to marry them at an early age. In Indonesia, the rate of early marriage is still above 10% of all marriages. There is a trend of early marriage with Arab men in tourist destinations such as Puncak-Cianjur, West Java, after the increasing number of tourist visits from the Middle East. This research used a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach to explore informant' experiences, interpret their experiences, and give meaning to their experiences. Data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews using the Snow Bowling Effect method. The results of the research were analyzed using the framework method. This research found that parents determine the occurrence of early marriage. The drivers of early marriage are economic interests and religious dogma. Parents were influenced by biyong (marriage broker) in making decisions. Biyong took advantage of half of the dowry. Meanwhile, children’s consent to marry was influenced by religious doctrines that caused them to be altruistic and follow their parents' wishes. This research recommends the government be stricter in supervising foreign tourists and socializing the dangers of early marriage and mutáh marriage with foreigners

Principle 5 C in The Practice of Peer to Peer Lending (P2P) Financial Technology in The Perspective of Business Ethics and Islamic Justice

Non-bank financial service actors in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic made a breakthrough by creating fintech (Financial technology) through the development of Peer Peer Lending (P2P) or online loans. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of 5C principles in the practice of peer-to-peer lending Fintech based on a review of Islamic business ethics. The method used in this research is a normative juridical approach with a descriptive research approach. The data that has been obtained will be arranged systematically for further qualitative analysis. This study concludes that principles and business ethics must be considered with the concept of “The Five C’s Principle of Credit Analysis†in either conventional or sharia systems. In the case of customers who choose a sharia online loan system, they must also pay attention to the ethical aspects of financial business in Islam, which is something that must be considered considering that in Islam, ethical issues are related to the determination of economic policies that will affect the halalness of service and the agreement of the parties.Â