Sophie D. Aberle and the United Pueblos Agency, 1935-1944

This thesis examines Aberle\u27s administration in the coincided with the New Deal era and John Collier\u27s administration of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Aberle was a medical researcher and applied anthropologist who brought several years of field experience among the Pueblos to the UPA. Some opposition arose over her appointment, in part because she was a woman. More important, many Pueblos opposed the consolidation of several Pueblo agencies into one large agency, the United Pueblos Agency. The new agency encompassed the nineteen New Mexico pueblos and three small Navajo reservations. Some resistance to Aberle and the consolidated agency lasted throughout her tenure. In spite of this, she concentrated on managing the agency and assisting the Pueblos with efforts to modernize their villages

Cumulative Burden of Morbidity Among Testicular Cancer Survivors After Standard Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy: A Multi-Institutional Study

Purpose In this multicenter study, we evaluated the cumulative burden of morbidity (CBM) among > 1,200 testicular cancer survivors and applied factor analysis to determine the co-occurrence of adverse health outcomes (AHOs). Patients and Methods Participants were ≤ 55 years of age at diagnosis, finished first-line chemotherapy ≥ 1 year previously, completed a comprehensive questionnaire, and underwent physical examination. Treatment data were abstracted from medical records. A CBM score encompassed the number and severity of AHOs, with ordinal logistic regression used to assess associations with exposures. Nonlinear factor analysis and the nonparametric dimensionality evaluation to enumerate contributing traits procedure determined which AHOs co-occurred. Results Among 1,214 participants, approximately 20% had a high (15%) or very high/severe (4.1%) CBM score, whereas approximately 80% scored medium (30%) or low/very low (47%). Increased risks of higher scores were associated with four cycles of either ifosfamide, etoposide, and cisplatin (odds ratio [OR], 1.96; 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.71) or bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.98), older attained age (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.26), current disability leave (OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.57 to 7.95), less than a college education (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.87), and current or former smoking (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.63). CBM score did not differ after either chemotherapy regimen ( P = .36). Asian race (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.72) and vigorous exercise (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.89) were protective. Variable clustering analyses identified six significant AHO clusters (χ2 P < .001): hearing loss/damage, tinnitus (OR, 16.3); hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes (OR, 9.8); neuropathy, pain, Raynaud phenomenon (OR, 5.5); cardiovascular and related conditions (OR, 5.0); thyroid disease, erectile dysfunction (OR, 4.2); and depression/anxiety, hypogonadism (OR, 2.8). Conclusion Factors associated with higher CBM may identify testicular cancer survivors in need of closer monitoring. If confirmed, identified AHO clusters could guide the development of survivorship care strategies

Simon Anaviapik (1913[1915?]-1992)

Simon Anaviapik lived in Pond Inlet on Baffin Island, Northwest Territories. A description of Anaviapik's personality does not fit into any of the accepted levels of recognition for an individual. There is no list of accomplishments and there are no citations of his works, his words or phrases. He wrote some stories from his life for those who did not know him, his people or his land. He was of very slight stature and had small, soft hands that firmly and warmly shook your hand. His beaming eyes were alert and penetrating, showing experience in probing the unknown and revealing his great understanding of people. His speech was clear and well pronounced and he knew his native language, Inuktitut, second to none of his contemporaries. Most valuable of all was his ability to explain fully all of its nuances. He often sadly remarked on the gradual deterioration of Inuktitut. He spoke no English, but we observed that he understood the language quite well without any help or translators. ... Anaviapik was the key motivator for local Inuit to participate in a multidisciplinary, international scientific research project known as the EOS Routing Study, conceived and coordinated by Hermann Steltner in 1971. ... Seventeen Inuit from Pond Inlet assisted with the Routing Study, together with researchers from Brock University, Canada, and several European institutions. At the end of that study Anaviapik succeeded in convincing us to continue with engaging Inuit in science-supporting data collection, measurements and observations. This led to our founding of the Arctic Research Establishment (ARE) in Pond Inlet in 1973. ..

The true (and untrue) history of the "Food of the Gods"

The True History o f Chocolate written by Sophie D. Coe and Michael D. Coe, two American anthropologists, is an interesting piece of scholarship about Mesoamerican culture before and after the Spanish conquest and a story of cacao seeds, chocolate manufacturing process and the ways and rituals of serving chocolate drinks. The book can be also contemplated for its intriguing metaphors which create a feast in itself and transport us to a forgotten and magic world of the Maya and the Aztecs, the first planters of the “food of the gods.” The European countries were conquered by chocolate in the sixteenth century, but in England it is not until the seventeenth century that we find Samuel Pepys’s diary entries about his indulgence in chocolate drinking. There are numerous references to chocolate in literature from the Age of Reason to the twentieth century, but there are two novels which seem to best illustrate man’s interest in the culinary qualities of the food of the gods: Laura Esquivels’s book of stories written in a form of recipes and Joanne Harris’s Chocolat. The latter novel is a luscious morsel of a book breaking into confectionary prose, which evokes the smells and textures of the chocolate shop and the chocolate war between the church and the inhabitants of a small French town before the Festival of Chocolate

Cacao’s Relationship with Mesoamerican Society

We know what we eat, but do we eat what we know? Our diet extends far beyond nutrients and food availability—we imbue food with cultural significance. The meaning and use of a particular food is subject to change over time, but the fact that it holds a place in society remains constant. Improving technologies and intensified globalization have dispersed foods across the world and through time. An excellent example of such a food is Theobroma cacao L., now commonly known as chocolate (for a brief history of the plant, see McNeil 2006:1-28). It has a long history in human culture. By examining how it was first used, we can gain insight to an evolution of its meaning and eventually larger ideas on food studies. Cacao had great religious, political, and social weight in the Mesoamerican region. There is considerable evidence for the ritual use of cacao among the Preclassic Maya, and its role as noteworthy political currency appears to increase by Late Classic times, reflected in the vessels themselves and their archaeological contexts. The Preclassic era lasted from 2000 BC-AD 200 and the Classic from AD 200-700. I argue that while the ritual use and significance of cacao remained constant throughout time, the cacao-containing vessels, or “chocolate pots”, became recognized as powerful social objects unto themselves. In order to demonstrate this idea, this paper will discuss the ecology of cacao, Mesoamerican preparation, political and social elements, cacao pots, religious and ritual contexts, and cacao as a political currency

Extension of Yeast Chronological Lifespan by Methylamine

Background: Chronological aging of yeast cells is commonly used as a model for aging of human post-mitotic cells. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown on glucose in the presence of ammonium sulphate is mainly used in yeast aging research. We have analyzed chronological aging of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha grown at conditions that require primary peroxisome metabolism for growth. Methodology/Principal Findings: The chronological lifespan of H. polymorpha is strongly enhanced when cells are grown on methanol or ethanol, metabolized by peroxisome enzymes, relative to growth on glucose that does not require peroxisomes. The short lifespan of H. polymorpha on glucose is mainly due to medium acidification, whereas most likely ROS do not play an important role. Growth of cells on methanol/methylamine instead of methanol/ammonium sulphate resulted in further lifespan enhancement. This was unrelated to medium acidification. We show that oxidation of methylamine by peroxisomal amine oxidase at carbon starvation conditions is responsible for lifespan extension. The methylamine oxidation product formaldehyde is further oxidized resulting in NADH generation, which contributes to increased ATP generation and reduction of ROS levels in the stationary phase. Conclusion/Significance: We conclude that primary peroxisome metabolism enhanced chronological lifespan of H. polymorpha. Moreover, the possibility to generate NADH at carbon starvation conditions by an organic nitrogen source supports further extension of the lifespan of the cell. Consequently, the interpretation of CLS analyses in yeast should include possible effects on the energy status of the cell.

The Influence of Comorbidity and Perceived Complexity on Outcomes of Referrals to Children and Young Person Mental Health Services (UK): A Mixed Methods Vignette Study

Children and young people (CYP) with long-term physical conditions (LTCs) are four times more likely to develop mental health disorders yet many cannot access Children and Young People's Mental Health Services (CYPMHS) or evidence-based interventions. This study aimed to understand the reasons for this; presence of an LTC neurodevelopmental disorder, or service requirements. 79 CYP mental health practitioners were randomly assigned to read vignettes depicting a hypothetical referral letter for a child with a mental health condition alone (n = 27), mental health condition and LTC (n = 25), or mental health condition and neurodevelopmental disorder (Autism Spectrum Disorder-ASD) (n = 27), answering questions about their likelihood of accepting the referral and proposed treatment plan. There were no significant differences between accessing CYPMHS or being offered first line evidence-based interventions in those with a LTC or ASD compared to those without. However, additional perceived complexity was frequently provided as a reason for rejecting referrals and not offering evidence-based intervention, with clinicians' predicted success of intervention significantly lower for these CYP. Clinicians were significantly more likely to suggest adapting the intervention in the LTC and the ASD groups to account for additional perceived complexity. The research suggests a need for additional services for CYP with LTCs and those with neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as training/awareness for clinicians