Boulazac – Le Landry

Lien Atlas (MCC) :http://atlas.patrimoines.culture.fr/atlas/trunk/index.php?ap_theme=DOM_2.01.02&ap_bbox=0.732;45.153;0.802;45.191 De novembre 2011 à mars 2012, un campement de plein air solutréen a été fouillé par l’Inrap à Boulazac sur la rive de l’Isle située en face de Périgueux. Son étendue, la conservation et l’organisation spatiale des objets lithiques sont remarquables pour ce site de plein-air qui a livré deux niveaux stratifiés. Le plus récent, daté de 21 000 ans BP, a révélé sur pr..

Acute exposure to mobile phone and assessment of internal cerebral circulation in young healthy subjects : a transcranial Doppler study

International audienceThe rapid worldwide increase in the use of mobile phones raises questions about the possible adverse effects of RF fields emitted by these devices. The temporal lobe of brain is closest to the mobile phone. This may lead to relatively high energy deposition in these parts of human head during the use of mobile phone. The cerebral circulation may be potentially affected due to the exposure to RF emitted by mobile phone. Therefore the studies on cerebral blood flow are essential in order to evaluate the possible interaction exposure to RF with the central nervous system. Data in the literature related to the brain circulation are limited and controversial due to the different methods and protocols applied in these studie

Effets spécifiques d'une exposition aux ondes radiofréquences de téléphone mobile sur le contrôle nerveux autonome du tonus vasomoteur cutané

National audienceLes résultats de l'étude effectuée sur 21 jeunes adultes volontaires ont révélé des effets athermiques de l'exposition réelle aux ondes RF de téléphone mobile sur le micro débit sanguin cutané en comparaison avec une exposition sham, par approche laser Doppler thermostatique (LD). L'analyse spectrale du signal LD en fin d'exposition a permis de montrer que ces modifications de vasomotricité cutanée étaient associées à une activité nerveuse sympathique locale plus élevée sous exposition réelle que sous exposition sham. Un test de provocation thermique spécifique induisant une hyperémie réactive maximale effectué à la 25è minute post-exposition a montré que la réserve vasodilatatrice des micro-vaisseaux cutanés exposés aux ondes RF était plus grande que celle sous exposition sham

Is the effect of mobile phone radiofrequency waves on human skin perfusion non-thermal ?

International audienceTo establish whether SkBF can be modified by exposure to the radiofrequency waves emitted by a mobile phone when the latter is held against the jaw and ear. Variations in SkBF and Tsk in adult volunteers were simultaneously recorded with a thermostatic laser Doppler system during a 20-minute radiofrequency exposure session and a 20-minute sham session. The skin microvessels' vasodilatory reserve was assessed with a heat challenge at the end of the protocol. During the radiofrequency exposure session, SkBF increased (vs. baseline) more than during the sham exposure session. The sessions did not differ significant in terms of the Tsk time-course response. The skin microvessels' vasodilatory ability was found to be greater during radiofrequency exposure than during sham exposure. Our results reveal the existence of a specific vasodilatory effect of mobile phone radiofrequency emission on skin perfusion

Layers response to a suboptimal diet through phenotype and transcriptome changes in four tissues

Poultry meat and eggs are major sources of nutrients in the human diet. The long production career of laying hens expose them to biotic or abiotic stressors, lowering their production. Understanding the mechanisms of adaptation to stress is crucial for selecting robust animals and meeting the needs of a growing human population. In this study, financed by the French ChickStress and the European Feed-a-Gene (grant agreement no. 633531) programs, we compared the effects of a 15%-energy-reduced diet (feed stress, FS) vs a commercial diet (control, CT) on phenotypic traits and adipose, blood, hypothalamus and liver transcriptomes in two feed-efficiency-diverging lines. Phenotypic traits showed differences between lines or diets, but no line × diet interaction. In the FS group, feed intake (FI) increased and hens had lower body- and abdominal adipose weight, compared to CT group. We found no differences in egg production or quality. At the transcriptomic level, 16,461 genes were expressed in one or more tissues, 41% of which were shared among tissues. We found differentially expressed genes between lines or diet in all tissues, and almost no line × diet interactions. Focusing on diet, adipose and liver transcriptomes were unaffected. In blood, pathways linked to amino acids, monosaccharides, and steroid metabolism were affected, while in the hypothalamus, changes were observed in fatty acid metabolism and endocannabinoid signalling. Given the similarities in egg production, the FS animals seem to have adapted to the stress by increasing FI and by mobilizing adipose reserves. Increase in FI did not appear to affect liver metabolism, and the mobilization of adipose reserves was apparently not driven at the transcriptomic level. In blood, the pathways linked to metabolic processes suggest a metabolic role for this tissue in chicken, whose erythrocytes are nucleated and contain mitochondria. FI increase might be linked to the hypothalamic pathway of endocannabinoid signalling, which are lipid-based neurotransmitters, notably involved in the regulation of appetite

Development and optimisations of an electronic nose based on surface plasmon resonance imaging

Les nez électroniques sont aujourd’hui des candidats prometteurs pour une analyse sur le terrain et à bas coût d’échantillons de composés organiques volatils (COV). Cependant, ces techniques ont encore certaines limitations. L’utilisation d’un nombre restreint de récepteurs empêche une différenciation sélective des COV. Un manque de fiabilité causé par des pollutions des récepteurs freine leur utilisation pour de nombreuses applications. Dans ce contexte, un nez électronique basé sur l’imagerie de résonance de plasmons de surface (SPRI) est développé pour la détection de COV en phase gazeuse. Ce système est doté d’un large réseau de récepteurs constitués par autoassemblage de molécules organiques et de peptides. La transduction optique par SPRI offre un suivi en parallèle d’un grand nombre d’interactions, et ce en temps réel. L’objectif est d’assurer la meilleure résolution chimique possible pour différencier de manière fiable les COV. Dans ce but, différentes stratégies sont explorées pour améliorer la sensibilité, la sélectivité ainsi que la stabilité des mesures. Grâce à ces optimisations, notre système présente une sélectivité élevée pour un grand nombre de COV. Les COV sont différenciés en fonction de leur nature chimique et de leur structure. Une bonne répétabilité et une stabilité d’au moins deux mois sont obtenues. De premiers tests montrent que notre instrument est également efficace pour l’analyse d’échantillons plus complexes.Electronic noses are promising candidates for low-cost field monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, these techniques are still challenged with limitations. The use of a limited number of receptors prevents selective VOCs differentiation. A lack of reliability caused by pollution of receptors hinders their use for many applications. In this context, an electronic nose based on surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) is developed for the detection of VOCs in the gas phase. This system consists of a broad array of receptors obtained by the self-assembly of organic molecules and peptides. SPRI optical transduction provides multiplexed monitoring of a large number of interactions in real time. The objective is to ensure the best possible chemical resolution to reliably differentiate VOCs. To this end, different strategies are explored to improve the sensitivity, selectivity and stability of the measurements. Thanks to these optimizations, our system offers a high selectivity for a large number of VOCs. VOCs are differentiated according to their chemical nature and structure. A good repeatability and a stability of at least two months are obtained. Preliminary tests show that our instrument is also effective for the analysis of more complex samples

SRC-Family Kinases in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia and Mastocytosis

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Electronic noses: Novel sensing materials for better performances

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Between new and inherited technical behaviours: a case study from the Early Middle Palaeolithic of Southern France

International audienceThe beginning of the Middle Palaeolithic in Western Europe is traditionally associated with the emergence of new, more complex and standardised debitage technologies, such as Levallois technology. These changes occurred in the archaeological record between MIS 9 and MIS 6. This paper aims to evaluate the processes of technical change at work in Southern France, tracking innovations and persistent behaviours and potential shifts, to describe the process of transition and compare the Southeast and Southwest of France. We revised several major sites from Ardèche and Dordogne through the technological analysis of seven lithic assemblages in areas rich in good-quality raw materials, mostly flint. Technological analysis shows common features in lithic strategies and industries that can all be attributed to the Early Middle Palaeolithic. The features are a diversity of debitage methods and spatiotemporal management of the chaînes opératoires (ramification and artefact mobility). At the same time, algorithmic methods (Système par Surface de Débitage Alternées: SSDA) continue to be used, in the same way as large cutting tools (LCTs), although they are rare (pebble tools, bifaces and ‘mixed matrices’). These LCTs are persistent technologies from the Acheulean technocomplex. Gradual mosaic-type changes in the lithic record are particularly well demonstrated through the sequence of Orgnac 3, where a local onset of Levallois technologies appears to occur. Both in the Southeast and Southwest of France, the Lower to Middle Palaeolithic transition records gradual and asynchronous behavioural changes as early as MIS 9 to MIS 6. These shifts are not only due to increased hominin cognition. Abilities of human groups to adapt to diversified environments and regional cultural processes may also have played a key role. Several lithic technocomplexes coexisted between MIS 9 and 6 in these two areas and although differences in local strategies are obvious, similar trajectories towards MP behaviour can be detected