3D representation and CNC machining of 2D digital images

First published by Elsevier, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.07.001 © 2018. This open-access article is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/In this paper a new paradigm for CNC carving of digital images in the form of lookalike three-dimensional (3D) surfaces on wooden or metallic plaques is discussed. This work is focused on development of a single page windows based console application for conversion of a two-dimensional (2D) digital image into a 3D freeform surface representation in the form of a point cloud data and STL format. Subsequently, the 3D surface data is then used for generating an efficient toolpath data for 3-axis CNC finish machining using a ball end mill tool. The results from the developed algorithm are validated using a machining simulation in the virtual environment of an Open-GL based 3D graphical simulator ToolSim [1]

Gemella Morbillorum as a Cause of Septic Shock.

The gram-positive bacterium Gemella morbillorum has been recovered from patients with endocarditis but has rarely been associated with acute fulminant infections. We describe two children with a rapid onset of septic shock, which was fatal in one, following infection with this organism. G. morbillorum is a commensal organism of the upper respiratory tract; it gained access to the bloodstreams in these patients, and bacteremia occurred. A clinical drawback is that the initial colonial morphology of this organism leads to presumptive identification as a viridans streptococcus, an organism not commonly associated with septic shock syndrome. Resistance of G. morbillorum to penicillin appears to be common; therefore, initial empirical combination therapy (a beta-lactam agent and an aminoglycoside) or vancomycin treatment should be considered

Correlation of clinical, biochemical and radiological characteristics with histopathology of ovarian masses: hospital based descriptive study

Background: Ovarian cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the middle aged women. A systematic study of all ovarian tumours encountered in a large institute over a period of years is more likely to produce a significant amount of useful data regarding the clinical manifestations, the incidence of various types of ovarian tumours and the type of treatment offered. In this study we correlate various clinical presentations, ultrasound features, and various tumour marker levels with histopathology of ovarian masses.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology in collaboration with department of radiology and pathology and lab medicine, Deen Dayal Upadhyay hospital from April 2015 to December 2016.Results: In the present study, 97 ovarian masses have been operated out of total 708 gynaecological surgeries in the obstetrics and gynaecology department of Deen Dayal Upadhyay hospital over the stipulated period. Prevalence of ovarian masses was 13.7%. Most of the ovarian masses were prevalent in the reproductive age group i.e. 21-40 years of age group in the present study though malignant masses were commonest in post-menopausal age group in the present study. 2 out 11 malignant ovarian masses were in the age group of 10-20 years which were dysgerminoma and immature teratoma respectively. Intra-operative findings like presence of mural nodule, haemorrhage and necrosis, ascites, papillary excrescences and omental caking were also found to have strong correlation with malignancy.Conclusions: A detailed preoperative workup and a simple tool loke RMI can differentiate between benign and malignant masses pre-operatively especially in post-menopausal women

Prevalencija, učestalost i topografska raspodjela čireva tipa 1 u sirištu vodenih bivola (Bubalus bubalis): istraživanje parova

Although abomasal ulcers in cattle have been recognized in the past, an epidemiological study on buffaloes and data on frequency and topographic location of ulcers in abomasum is still lacking. This case control study evaluated the prevalence of type 1 abomasal ulcers in slaughtered buffaloes of India. The sample size was calculated by a standard epidemiological method. The location, number and type of ulcers were recorded photographically and on a predesigned sketch diagram, representing all anatomical parts of the abomasum and both surfaces. On the basis of their macroscopic and microscopic appearance, the type 1 ulcers were classified into four subtypes, viz. type 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d. Out of 134 examined abomasa, 66.42% had type 1 ulcers. The prevalence was significantly higher during the summer than in winter. Buffaloes studied during the summer had 3.39 times greater odds of having a higher prevalence of type 1 ulcers than buffaloes studied during the winter. Although the prevalence did not differ significantly between different age groups, older animals had greater odds of having abomasal ulcers. Type 1b and 1c were the most frequently observed ulcers. Although the abomasal body had 12.32 times and 6.12 times greater odds of having abomasal ulcer than fundus and pylorus, respectively, the ulcer location did not change with increasing age. All ulcers, except type 1a were more concentrated in the caudal third of the parietal surface of the abomasal body, along the greater curvature, and were usually multiple. We believe that abomasal ulcers may be an important cause of the decreased production of buffaloes in this region due to the high prevalence and multiple etiology.Iako su čirevi sirišta kod goveda poznati dugo vrijeme, još uvijek nedostaju epidemiološka istraživanja s podacima o njihovoj učestalosti i topografskom položaju kod vodenih bivola. U ovom istraživanju parova procijenjena je prevalencija čireva tipa 1 u sirištima zaklanih bivola u Indiji. Veličina uzorka izračunata je standardnom epidemiološkom metodom. Položaj, broj i vrsta čireva zabilježeni su fotografski i na unaprijed skiciranom dijagramu, koji je predstavljao sve anatomske dijelove i obje površine sirišta. Na temelju makroskopskog i mikroskopskog izgleda, čirevi tipa 1 klasificirani su u četiri podtipa, 1a, lb, lc i 1d. Od 134 pretražena sirišta, 66,42 % imalo je čireve tipa 1. Prevalencija je bila znakovito viša tijekom ljeta nego zimi. Bivoli čija su sirišta pretražena tijekom ljeta imali su 3,39 puta veću šansu za višu prevalenciju čireva tipa 1 nego što su to imali bivoli čija su sirišta pretražena tijekom zime. Iako se prevalencija nije znakovito razlikovala između različitih dobnih skupina bivola, starije životinje imale su veće izglede za pojavu čireva u sirištu. Tip 1b i 1c bili su najčešće opaženi podtipovi čireva. Šansa za pojavu čira u tijelu sirišta bila je 12,32 puta veću u odnosu na fundus sirišta i 6,12 puta veću u odnosu na pilorus. Navedeni odnosi nisu se mijenjali s porastom dobi bivola. Svi čirevi, osim tipa 1a, bili su više koncentrirani u kaudalnoj trećini parijetalne površine tijela sirišta, duž velike krivine i obično su bili višestruki. Smatra se da čirevi sirišta, zbog visoke prevalencije i višestruke etiologije, mogu biti važan uzrok smanjene proizvodnosti vodenih bivola u Indiji

Clinico Hemato Biochemical Findings, Clinical Management, and Production Performance of Bovines with Late Pregnancy Indigestion (Type IV Vagal Indigestion)

This prospective study was conducted on 15 animals (eight buffaloes and seven cows), diagnosed with late pregnancy indigestion. Ten buffaloes and 10 cows served as the control group. The animals were in advanced pregnancy and had partial or complete anorexia, reduced water intake, loss of defecation or scanty faecal output, and mild to moderate dehydration. Heart and respiration rates were increased and rumen motility was reduced. Five animals had persistent tympany and moderate distension of left abdomen, and two animals each had bilateral abdominal distension and papple shaped abdomen. Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were significantly higher and lower than the control values. Total bilirubin, AST, total protein, globulin, BUN, glucose, and lactate were significantly higher, and chloride and calcium were significantly lower than the control values. Levels of ALP, GGT, albumin, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, fibrinogen, fibrinogen ratio, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium did not differ significantly from the control values. Rumen chloride concentration was higher than the reference range. Majority of animals were managed symptomatically until parturition. There was no effect on fetal survival or milk yield in current and subsequent lactation. So, late pregnancy indigestion causes clinical and hemato biochemical alterations which require special consideration when treating diseased animals

Risk management and prevention of antibiotics resistance: The PREVENT IT project

Background: Globally, a significant increase in the emergence of antibiotic resistant (ABR) path-ogens has rendered several groups of antibiotics ineffective for the treatment of life-threatening infections. It is an endemic in hospital settings and a major concern while handling pathogens involved in an epidemic or pandemic. ABR is a matter of great concern due to its recusant impact on public health and cost to the healthcare system, especially in developing country like India. An indiscriminate and inappropriate usage of antimicrobials, poor infrastructure and sanitation are the major factors driving the evolution of ABR in such countries. Therefore, in addition to the devel-opment of novel therapeutics and safeguarding the efficacy of existing antibiotics, there is an ur-gent need for a programme focussed on the education in risk management and prevention of ABR. Aim: To promote qualitative teaching activities in academia and society to visualize a future where every individual is aware of ABR and empowered with right education to address the issue. Methods: The project ‘Risk Management and Prevention of Antibiotics Resistance - PREVENT IT’, funded by the ERASMUS+ Programme of the European Union, converges academicians and non-government organizations (NGOs) to inculcate a sense of awareness towards the increase in the frequency of ABR pathogens, judicial usage of antimicrobials and the economic/health burden of ABR, in students, academicians, clinicians and population at large. Expected outcome: The project commissioned envisages a behavioural change in individuals and attempts to support policymakers by executing stable changes in the curricula of institutes of higher education, developing advanced workshop modules for the training of academicians and disseminating ABR-related information through conferences/seminars, social media campaigns and an online platform dedicated to ABR. In addition, the project aims to develop a European-Indian network for the management of risk and prevention of ABR. &nbsp

Antimicrobial Activity of Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Plants: An Update

Plants have filled in as a significant wellspring of elements for conventional drugs for centuries. Verifiable records and present day ethno botanical field examines feature their significance in the conventional treatment of irresistible malady. Be that as it may, plants form just a minor level of present collection of FDA-endorsed antimicrobial medications. The present article gives an outline of active components of plants as hint for other wellspring of antimicrobial agents to be used in the battle against microscopic organisms. It additionally surveys the ethno botanical way to deal with sedate disclosure and talks about various inventive focuses for future medication revelation endeavours in this field. Without an uncertainty, antimicrobials are miracle tranquilizers. They have represented a very long time against different irresistible infections and spared a huge number of lives. The ongoing disappointment of antimicrobials because of the sensational rise of multidrug-safe microbes and fast spread of new diseases, be that as it may, prompts wellbeing associations and the pharmaceutical business worldwide to change their methodology and to expand improvement of antimicrobials against quickly rising anti-infection safe microorganisms. In spite of the fact that there is thinking about elective wellsprings of characteristic antimicrobial molecules from plants having different methods of activity, some of which have been utilized in regular medication for a considerable length of time and have appeared to have serious impacts contrasted with other antimicrobials. This examination portrays plant intensity as an elective hotspot for antimicrobial agents

Manufacturing and in vivo inner ear visualization of MRI traceable liposome nanoparticles encapsulating gadolinium

Peer reviewe

A comparative study of model ingredients: fragmentation in heavy-ion collisions using quantum molecular dynamics model

We aim to understand the role of NN cross-sections, equation of state as well as different model ingredients such as width of Gaussian, clusterisation range and different clusterisation algorithms in multifragmentation using quantum molecular dynamics model. We notice that all model ingredients have sizable effect on the fragment pattern.Comment: 12 Pages, 4 Figure

Clinical trials law and policy: human subjects protection and global dynamics

This thesis deals with the implications of clinical research specifically, clinical trials in terms of law and policy at the international level. Chapter One presents a comprehensive review of the literature relating to the law and policy of clinical trials, with a specific focus on their international dimension. Chapter Two describes the main rights touched upon by the conduction of and participation in clinical trials. Chapter Three describes the main stakeholders involved in clinical trials (human subjects, sponsors, and investigators) and how their interests align or collide in the face of the need to balance three traditional healthcare competing paradigms: access, cost, and quality. Chapter Four deals with the concerns raised by the globalization of clinical trials, building on one of the most renowned contributions in the field of clinical trials ethics literature. Chapter Five presents a comparative analysis of the European Union and United States clinical trial legal frameworks. Chapter Six focuses on the issue of clinical trials data transparency. The case for registration is taken into consideration because the global dimension of the issue is particularly relevant and the development of an in international set of standards in this context has been successfully achieved thanks to synergy between different stakeholders. Finally, Chapter Seven adopts a more practical approach. It introduces the results of several interviews conducted with clinical trials sponsors, patients and consumer organizations, and investigators and presents the findings of a simple empirical analysis focused on recruitment-dynamics