Informal irrigation in urban West Africa: An overview

Irrigated farming / Urban agriculture / Suburban agriculture / Farm size / Farming systems / Health hazards / Water pollution / Farm income

Effect of different types of carbohydrate supplementation on glycogen supercompensation in rat skeletal muscle

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Épidémiologie des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire en population tropicale - cas du Bénin

An epidemiological transition is observed in tropical areas with the growing of cardiovascular atherosclerosis diseases. The objective of this thesis was to contribute to a better knowledge of the epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in tropical area, particularly in Benin. An analysis of prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in general population was led from Benin national STEPS survey. A systematic review of cardiovascular prospective cohort studies in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was conducted. Methodology of TAHES (Tanvè health study) cohort was described; a pilot study was implemented. These data show high frequencies of several cardiovascular risk factors in Benin; differences between urban and rural areas were observed. They underline the rarity of cardiovascular cohort studies in ASS. Besides, they support the hypothesis of cardiovascular cohort feasibility in general population in Benin.On assiste à un phénomène de transition épidémiologique dans les zones tropicales avec l’émergence des affections cardiovasculaires induites par l’athérosclérose. L'objectif de cette thèse était de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de l’épidémiologie des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire en population tropicale, en particulier au Bénin. Une analyse des prévalences des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire en population générale au Bénin a été menée à partir de la base de données de l’enquête nationale STEPS. Une revue systématique des cohortes cardiovasculaires conduites en population générale en Afrique subsaharienne (ASS) a été réalisée. La méthodologie de la cohorte TAHES (Tanvè health study) a été élaborée ; une étude pilote a été mise en place. Les travaux montrent des fréquences relativement élevées de plusieurs facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire au Bénin et des différences suivant les milieux de résidence. Par ailleurs, ils soulignent la rareté des études de cohortes sur les maladies cardiovasculaires en ASS. Les résultats préliminaires de la cohorte TAHES pilote confortent l’idée de la faisabilité d’une étude plus large

Particularites Diagnostiques Et Pronostiques De La Dissection Aortique Au Cnhu-Hkm De Cotonou, Benin : A Propos De 6 Cas En 2017

Aortic dissection (DA) defined by longitudinal cleavage of the aortic wall, at the level of the media from an intimal breach, is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. Out of a total of 467 hospitalized patients, we reported 6 cases of aortic dissection (DA) observed at CNHU-HKM, Cotonou, in 2017. The patients were 53.33 years old (33-65 years old), and they comprised of 4 women and 2 men. Hypertension was present in 5 patients. Chest pain, the most common telltale sign, was found in 5 patients but typical only in 2 cases. Three (3) patients had severe hypertension when they were admitted, and 2 had a differential arterial pressure of at least 20 mmHg between the arms. The breath of aortic insufficiency was present in 4 patients. Chest X-ray has contributed to the diagnosis in the 4 cases where it was prescribed. Cardiac Döppler ultrasonography was perfomed in 5 patients, while the ECG gave no contribution to the diagnosis. The diagnostic confirmation was made by the aortic CT scan in all patients and the AD was type A in 5 cases and type B in 1 case according to the Stanford classification. All patients received medical treatment and only 1 patient received both medical treatment and surgery. The outcome was fatal in 5 patients: death of the patient with type B dissection and 4 deaths out of 5 for type A

Examining the Impacts of Cartoons on Motivating EFL Beginner Students to Speak English Language in Beninese Secondary Schools: The Case Study of Some Secondary Schools in the Atlantic Region

In Benin, a French speaking country where English is taught and learnt as a foreign language, secondary school learners and their teachers encounter a variety of problems related to EFL learners’ poor oral performance. This research work investigates the impacts of cartoons on motivating EFL students to speak English in classrooms. Throughout this study, the motivating potentials of visual aids and of cartoons have been explored as a means to improve the teaching/learning of English as a Foreign Language in the Beninese context. This research work was carried in two secondary schools located in the Atlantic Region where two EFL classes have been selected. One representing the experimental group and the other the control group. Four (4) teachers and two hundred and thirty (230) EFL students were selected to participate in the study. Two types of questionnaires were designed and distributed to both EFL learners and teachers. The data collected were presented in forms of frequency, tables, and figures. The findings revealthat although students love games, movies, a large majority of Beninese EFL teachers rarely resort to them as a technique. Thefindings also reveal that cartoons when used appropriately yield positive impacts on EFL beginners’ listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities. 75% of  Beninese teachers recognize that  cartoons is  an efficient means for fighting anxiety  and motivating EFL beginners to develop their oral production. As a result, the study recommends that teachers should be trained on the practical strategies and techniques to use cartoons to motivate their learners to communicate fluently in English language and to create a less-stressful classroom atmosphere

Les thromboses veineuses profondes des membres thoraciques chez le s ujet noir africain: à propos de 5 cas observés à L'USERC DU CNHU-HKM de Cotonou

La thrombose veineuse profonde (TVP) du membre thoracique est rare mais grave du fait de sa complication mortelle qui est l'embolie pulmonaire. Dans ce papier, nous rapportons cinq cas afin de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de cette affection chez le sujet noir africain. Cinq (5) patients ayant une thrombose veineuse du membre thoracique documentée par un écho-doppler veineux ont été observés entre le 01/01/2007 et le 31/12/2012. La prévalence a été de 4,09% sur l'ensemble des thromboses veineuses de membre. L'âge moyen était de 48,8 ± 13,8 ans. La sexratio (H/F) a été de 0,67 pour les femmes. Les causes ont été le cathéter veineux périphérique (40%), les cancers (40%), et la phlébite d'effort (20%). Les signes cliniques ont été dominés, au niveau du membre atteint, par l'oedème (100%), la douleur (80%), l'augmentation de la chaleur (80%). L'atteinte de la veine humérale a été la plus fréquente dans 80% des cas. Les complications ont été des séquelles post phlébitiques dans deux (40%), deux cas de décès (40%) en rapport avec les comorbidités et un cas d'embolie pulmonaire. L'héparinothérapie relayée par l'antivitamine K (AVK) a été le protocole de traitement le plus souvent utilisé. Le délai moyen de suivi du traitement AVK a été de 44,7 mois. La thrombose profonde du membre thoracique est une affection rare à Cotonou dont la cause est dominée par le cathéter veineux et le cancer. La prévention de ces causes secondaires est le meilleur traitement

Frequence Des Complications De L’hypertension Arterielle Chez Les Patients Suivis En Milieu Cardiologique A Parakou En 2016

Introduction : Souvent asymptomatique, l’hypertension artérielle serévèle parfois par des événements cardiovasculaires graves. Ce travail vise àdéterminer les complications silencieuses et/ou chroniques de l’hypertensionartérielle chez les patients suivis en milieu hospitalier à Parakou. Méthodes :L’étude était transversale, analytique réalisée du 20 Mars 2016 au 20 Juillet2016, dans les services de cardiologie des hôpitaux publiques de la ville de Parakou. Etaient inclus, tousles hypertendus consentants, ayant réalisé le bilanminimum de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) depuis au plus troismois. L’échantillonnage était exhaustif. Les complications silencieuses et/ouchroniques de l’HTA ont été recherchées selon les procédures standards.L’analyse des données a été faite avec le logiciel SPSS 21. Résultats : Sur les719 patients reçus en consultation, 316 (43,9%) avaient une HTA. L’âgemoyen était de 55,2 ± 11,9 ans, la sexe ratio de 0,6. L’ancienneté du diagnosticde l’HTA était inférieure à 5ans chez 61,1% des patients. L’observancethérapeutique était bonne chez 43,9% et l’HTA était mal contrôlée chez61,1%. Au moins une complication a été observée chez 70,9% des patients.Les trois premières complications chroniques étaient l’hypertrophieventriculaire gauche échographique (54,3%), la protéinurie (40,7%) et larétinopathie hypertensive (28,1%). Après régression logistique, l’anciennetéde l’HTA ≥5ans (OR=2,9 ; p=0,011) et l’inobservance thérapeutique(OR=3,1 ; p=0,002) étaient indépendamment associées à la survenue decomplication de l’HTA. Conclusion : Ces données montrent la gravité del’hypertension artérielle chez les patients et le rôle déterminant del’inobservance thérapeutique dans la survenue de ses complications. Background: High blood pressure (HBP) is often revealed bycardiovascular event, issue of undiagnosed silent complications. This studyaimed at determining the prevalence of chronic complications of HBP amongpatients followed in cardiology at Parakou in 2016. Methods: We performeda cross sectional analytic study from March 20th to July 20th, 2016 in thecardiology settings of Parakou. We did a systematic recruitment of allhypertensive patients who have done the hypertension minimum check up of World Health Organization at least three months before. HBP’s complicationswere accessed according standard guidelines. Socio-demographic data, dataon hypertension, treatment and treatment compliance were recorded for eachpatient. The software SPSS 21 was used for statistical analysis. Results:Among 719 patients admitted, 316 (43,9%) had HBP. The mean age was 55,2± 11,9 years and the sex ratio 0,6. The age of hypertension was <10years in80,4%, the treatment compliance was good for 43,9% and HBP wasuncontrolled for 61,1%. At least one complication was observed in 70,9% ofpatients. The most frequents were echographic left ventricular hypertrophy(54,3%), proteinury (40,7%) and hypertensive retinopathy (28,1%). Afterlogistic regression, age of HBP≥5years(OR=2,9; p=0,011) and the therapeuticinobservance (OR=3,1; p=0,002) were independently associated with thecomplication of the HBP. Conclusion: These data show the gravity of blackpatients’ HBP which is often complicated and the crucial role therapeuticinobservance in the arisen of these complication

Prevalence De L’insuffisance Cardiaque Au Cours De La Grossesse Et Dans Les Suites De Couches En Milieu Hospitalier A Parakou En 2015

Introduction: Heart failure is one of peripartum complications which contribute to maternal mortality. But the epidemiological features of this disease are not well known in Benin. This paper aims at studying the prevalence and associated factors of heart failure during pregnancy and the postpartum in Parakou in 2015. Methods: It was a descriptive and analytic cross sectional study scheduled from March to July 2015. We recruited systematically all pregnant or parturient women, met in Parakou’s hospitals. The inclusion criteria were the presence of at least one cardiovascular symptom. Diagnosis of heart failure was made by using the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology and of the American Society of Echocardiography. Results: During the survey, 2503 pregnant or parturient women were admitted and 25 (0,99%) were diagnosed with heart failure. Dyspnea was the main symptom (96%). Heart failure was caused by peripartum cardiomyopathy(84%), hypertensive cardiomyopathy (12%) and rheumatic heart disease (4%). Heart failure was more prevalent in patients with the following conditions: age≥30years (p=0,001), low socioeconomic level (p=0,02), multigestational status (p=0,002) and multiparity (p<0,001). The management of heart failure was classic. The main difficulty noted was financial problems with 36% of patients unable to afford the treatment. No case of death was counted during the study. Conclusion: In Parakou, heart failure occurs mostly during the post partum period. Dyspnea was the main symptom. The main etiology was peripartum cardiomyopathy. The associated conditions were age≥30years, low socioeconomic level, multigestational status and multiparity

Values learned through formal education A comparative study of Anglophone and Francophone Ewes in Ghana and Togo

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:D207296 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo