‘Piano ou Clavecin?’ Joaquín Nin’s Feud with Wanda Landowska’s Harpsichord

AbstractWanda Landowska and Joaquín Nin were, in the context of the Parisian Schola Cantorum during the first decade of the twentieth century, two of the leading artists performing the harpsichord repertoire. This established them as pioneers of its concert practice, but their irreconcilable attitudes to performance – Landowska’s supposedly historical/reconstructive (employing the harpsichord) and Nin’s updated (employing the modern piano) – embroiled them in a fierce controversy conducted in French and Spanish journals between November 1911 and October 1912. This article examines a large quantity of unedited correspondence together with the relevant press articles in the context of the two performers’ agendas. The results suggest that this controversy was an unprecedented marketing strategy orchestrated by Nin against, but reliant upon, Landowska’s success at the time when he was about to make his début in Spain. However, the unforeseen and long-lasting consequences of this controversy brought priceless publicity for Landowska’s cause: the revival of the harpsichord.</jats:p

Hacia una construcción de lo ibérico: Santiago Kastner, musicólogo entre España y Portugal

Británico de nacimiento, Santiago Kastner (1908-1992) fue un hombre cosmopolita con un extraordinario bagaje musical (su familia regentaba un negocio de pianolas) que se estableció en Lisboa en 1934. Formado en Leipzig y Barcelona, durante los años veinte y comienzos de los treinta, sus giras europeas en las que difundía los repertorios portugueses y españoles para teclado y su actividad como crítico musical en la Lisboa de los años cuarenta le permitieron forjar una excepcional red de contactos que le aseguró puestos en instituciones musicales de España y Portugal: el Instituto Español de Musicología, liderado por Higini Anglès, y el Conservatorio Nacional de Lisboa, dirigido por Ivo Cruz. Desde esta posición, Kastner desarrolló una infatigable actividad musicológica que exhumó el repertorio ibérico de los siglos XVI al XVIII a través de su estudio, edición musical e interpretación. Antes que nada, Kastner fue un scholar performer. Su particular aproximación metodológica al repertorio y su excepcional visión cosmopolita le permitieron forjar una identidad ibérica única, que se alejaba del imperante nacionalismo positivista cultivado por sus colegas españoles y portugueses y que le valió el reconocimiento internacional.

Papel del la melatonina en la capacidad antioxidante total del calostro y leche humana madura. Diferencias entre parto vaginal y parto por cesárea

OBJETIVOS: La tasa de cesáreas electivas se ha incrementado las últimas décadas, lo cual, puede tener importantes repercusiones perinatales. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar si el tipo de parto influye en el contenido en melatonina en leche materna, la principal hormona reguladora de los ritmos circadianos, así como en la capacidad antioxidante de la leche materna. METODOLOGIA: Se incluyeron 21 mujeres que parieron vía vaginal, y 17 mujeres que parieron por cesárea electiva. Se excluyeron madres y neonatos con patología. Se recolectaron dos muestras de leche materna (una diurna y otra nocturna) en tres etapas de la lactancia: calostro, leche de transición, leche madura. Se analizó el contenido en melatonina, IL6, TNFalpha;, IFNgamma;, grupos carbonilo y capacidad antioxidante en cada muestra de leche materna. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 126 muestras de leche materna procedentes de parto vaginal, y 102 muestras de leche materna procedentes de parto por cesárea. La ritmicidad en el contenido de melatonina en leche materna a lo largo del día se mantiene, independientemente del tipo de parto, en todas las fases. El contenido en melatonina y la capacidad antioxidante en calostro materno diurno tras la práctica de una cesárea son mayores respecto cuando se trata de partos vaginales (30,3 pg/mL versus 14,7 pg/mL; p = 0,020; 344 mmol equivalentes de Trolox versus 152 mmol equivalentes de Trolox; p = 0,053). Se observa correlación positiva entre melatonina y grupos carbonilo, así como entre melatonina y capacidad antioxidante en el calostro diurno (R = 0,50 y R = 0,70), pero la correlación entre la melatonina y grupos carbonilo en calostro nocturno es negativa (R = - 0,66). Evolutivamente, el contenido en melatonina experimenta un descenso significativo desde el primer al tercer día, tanto en las muestras diurnas como en las nocturnas tras el parto por cesárea (p = 0,016 y p = 0,048 respectivamente). La forma de evolucionar de la capacidad antioxidante muestra tendencias opuestas en la leche de transición diurna respecto al calostro: existe un aumento de la capacidad antioxidante cuando se trata de partos vaginales, pero un descenso en el caso de leche de transición procedente de mujeres tras cesárea (p = 0,009). Globalmente, se observa un descenso en todos los parámetros analizados durante el primer mes de lactancia. Al mes, no existen diferencias en ningún parámetro estudiado en función del tipo de parto, excepto mayor contenido en grupos carbonilo en la leche madura nocturna tras el parto por cesárea (7040 nmol/mg proteína versus 4620 nmol/mg proteína; p = 0,029).CONCLUSIONES: En los partos por cesárea, existe un aumento en melatonina en calostro materno diurno. Posteriormente, existe un descenso paralelo en el contenido en melatonina y el de productos de estrés oxidativo en la leche materna diurna a lo largo del mes. El mayor contenido en melatonina en leche materna se asocia a un incremento en su capacidad antioxidante, así como a un descenso en estrés oxidativo.The rate of elective caesarean sections has increased in recent decades, which can have important perinatal repercussions. Our objective was to determine if the type of delivery influences the content of melatonin in breast milk, the main hormone regulator of circadian rhythms, as well as the antioxidant capacity of breast milk. METHODOLOGY: 21 women who delivered vaginally and 17 women who delivered by elective cesarean section were included. Mothers and neonates with pathology were excluded. Two samples of breast milk (one daytime and one nighttime) in three stages of lactation for each mother were collected: colostrum, transitional milk, mature milk. The content of melatonin, IL6, TNFalpha , IFNgamma , carbonyl groups and antioxidant capacity were analyzed in each sample of breast milk. RESULTS: 126 breast milk samples from vaginal delivery and 102 breast milk samples from cesarean delivery were analyzed. Rhythmicity in the melatonin content in breast milk throughout the day was maintained regardless of the type of delivery, in all phases. The melatonin content and the antioxidant capacity in daytime maternal colostrum after cesarean section were higher than those from vaginal delivery (30.3 pg / mL versus 14.7 pg / mL; p = 0.020;344 mmol Trolox equivalents versus 152 mmol Trolox equivalents; p = 0.053). Positive correlation was observed between melatonin and carbonyl groups, as well as between melatonin and antioxidant capacity in daytime colostrum (R = 0.50 and R = 0.70), but correlation between melatonin and carbonyl groups in nocturnal colostrum was negative (R = - 0.66). Evolutionarily, the melatonin content experienced a significant decrease from the first to the third day, both in the daytime and nighttime samples after cesarean delivery (p = 0.016 and p = 0.048, respectively). The evolution of antioxidant capacity showed opposite trends in daytime transition milk compared to colostrum: there was an increase in antioxidant capacity after vaginal deliveries, but there was a decrease in the case of transitional milk from women after cesarean section (p = 0.009). Overall, a decrease is observed in all the parameters analyzed during the first month of breastfeeding. After one month, there were no differences in any parameter studied depending on the type of delivery, except for a higher content of carbonyl groups in mature nocturnal milk after cesarean delivery (7040 nmol / mg protein versus 4620 nmol / mg protein; p = 0.029) .CONCLUSIONS: In cesarean deliveries, there is an increase in melatonin in daytime maternal colostrum. Subsequently, there is a parallel decrease in the content of melatonin and oxidative stress products in daytime breast milk throughout the month. The higher melatonin content in breast milk is associated with an increase in its capacity antioxidant, as well as a decrease in oxidative stress

“Entre las heroínas de Maeterlinck y las vírgenes de Burne-Jones”. La primera recepción de Wanda Landowska en España (1905-1912)

El presente artículo analiza la primera recepción de Wanda Landowska (1879-1959) en España. Su presencia está documentada desde 1905 y actuó al menos en Madrid, Granada y Málaga durante los años siguientes. Sin embargo, fue el clima cultural y artístico de la Barcelona modernista el que convirtió su presencia en un hito que marcaría el devenir de la práctica de la música antigua en España. Landowska llegó a Barcelona amparada por el Orfeó Català para ofrecer dos conciertos en el Palau de la Música en 1909. La Revista Musical Catalana reflejó en sus páginas la atmósfera intelectual y cultural que precedió su llegada y la repercusión que la clavecinista polaca alcanzó en Barcelona entre 1909 y 1912 y que puede analizarse en términos de identidad cultural

Fogging with antibrowning agents as an alternative to conventional immersion treatments to extend shelf life of mushrooms

Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is a highly perishable product and can be easily damaged when immersion in antibrowning solutions is performed; therefore, fogging application represents a less aggressive technique.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different antibrowning agents (ascorbicacid, sodium metabisulphite and L-cysteine) applied by two methodologies (immersion and fogging) on the quality of mushrooms during storage at 5 °C. Weight losses, microstructural organisation, colour and texture changes were evaluated as quality indicators. Polyphenol oxidase activity, phenolic content and antioxidant activity were also evaluated. Fogging achieved browning inhibition without major changes in firmness, while immersion treatments inhibited browning but significant changes in firmness were found.Browning inhibition achieved by fogging showed similar results when compared to the conventional immersion treatments. Fogging has the advantage of being less aggressive than immersion while requiring a significantly smaller amount of antibrowning solution than traditional immersion.Fil: Ojeda, Gonzalo Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; ArgentinaFil: Sgroppo, Sonia Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; ArgentinaFil: Zaritzky, Noemi Elisabet. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; Argentin

Consequences of high-technology economic development for African Americans in Georgia, 1990-2000

Issued as final reportUniversity System of Georgia. Board of Regent

Less can be more: loss of MHC functional diversity can reflect adaptation to novel conditions during fish invasions

The ability of invasive species to adapt to novel conditions depends on population size and environmental mismatch, but also on genetic variation. Away from their native range, invasive species confronted with novel selective pressures may display different levels of neutral versus functional genetic variation. However, the majority of invasion studies have only examined genetic variation at neutral markers, which may reveal little about how invaders adapt to novel environments. Salmonids are good model systems to examine adaptation to novel pressures because they have been translocated all over the world and represent major threats to freshwater biodiversity in the Southern Hemisphere, where they have become invasive. We examined patterns of genetic differentiation at seven putatively neutral (microsatellites) loci and one immune-related major histocompatibility complex (MHC class II-β) locus among introduced rainbow trout living in captivity (farmed) or under natural conditions (naturalized) in Chilean Patagonia. A significant positive association was found between differentiation at neutral and functional markers, highlighting the role of neutral evolutionary forces in shaping genetic variation at immune-related genes in salmonids. However, functional (MHC) genetic diversity (but not microsatellite diversity) decreased with time spent in the wild since introduction, suggesting that there was selection against alleles associated with captive rearing of donor populations that do not provide an advantage in the wild. Thus, although high genetic diversity may initially enhance fitness in translocated populations, it does not necessarily reflect invasion success, as adaptation to novel conditions may result in rapid loss of functional MHC diversity

Gaze estimation problem tackled through synthetic images

In this paper, we evaluate a synthetic framework to be used in the field of gaze estimation employing deep learning techniques. The lack of sufficient annotated data could be overcome by the utilization of a synthetic evaluation framework as far as it resembles the behavior of a real scenario. In this work, we use U2Eyes synthetic environment employing I2Head datataset as real benchmark for comparison based on alternative training and testing strategies. The results obtained show comparable average behavior between both frameworks although significantly more robust and stable performance is retrieved by the synthetic images. Additionally, the potential of synthetically pretrained models in order to be applied in user's specific calibration strategies is shown with outstanding performances.Comment: https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3379156.339136