A Stochastic Max Pooling Strategy for Convolutional Neural Network Trained by Noisy Samples

The deep convolutional neural network (CNN) has made remarkable progress in image classification. However, this network performs poorly and even cannot converge in many actual applications, where the training and test samples contain lots of noises. To solve the problems, this paper puts forward a network training strategy based on stochastic max pooling. Unlike the traditional max pooling, the proposed strategy first ranks all the values in each receptive field, and then selects a random value from the top-n values as the pooling result. Compared with common pooling methods, stochastic max pooling can limit the pooling selection to a larger value that represents the main information of the pooling area which reduces the chance of introducing noises into the network, and enhances the robustness of extracting noisy image features. Experimental results show that the CNN used stochastic max pooling Strategy can converge better than traditional CNN and classified noisy images much more accurately than traditional pooling methods

Simvastatin suppresses cerebral aneurysm in rats through suppression of release of pro-inflammatory cytokines

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of simvastatin (SA) against onset of cerebral aneurysmmediated inflammatory cytokine release and subsequent inflammation and degradation of the extracellular matrix of smooth muscle cells.Methods: Cerebral aneurysm was induced in male Wistar rats using elastase injection, and aneurysm growth was monitored for one month following SA treatment. Inhibition of aneurysm growth was determined along with the expression levels of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-6, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results: Aneurysm size decreased in rats treated with SA, relative to values obtained for control rats (p < 0.05). The corresponding expressions of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were also reduced following pre-treatment with SA (p < 0.05). The results indicate a reduction in the aneurysm area in rats pre-treated with SA, when compared to the untreated animals (p < 0.05).Conclusion: SA treatment inhibits the progression of cerebral aneurysms via its protective effect against inflammation, indicating its potential for use in the prevention and treatment of cerebralaneurysms

H

This paper is concerned with H∞ static output tracking control of nonlinear systems with one-sided Lipschitz condition. The dimensions of system model and reference model may be different. A static output feedback controller is designed to guarantee that the system output asymptotically tracks the reference output with H∞ disturbance rejection level. A new sufficient condition is derived to obtain the static output feedback gain by linear matrix inequality (LMI), and no equality constraints can be needed. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method

Guaranteed Cost Finite-Time Control for Positive Switched Linear Systems with Time-Varying Delays

This paper considers the guaranteed cost finite-time control for positive switched linear systems with time-varying delays. The definition of guaranteed cost finite-time boundedness is firstly given. Then, by using the mode-dependent average dwell time approach, a static output feedback law and a state feedback control law are constructed, respectively, and sufficient conditions are obtained to guarantee that the closed-loop system is guaranteed cost finite-time boundedness. Such conditions can be easily solved by linear programming. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method

Fast growth of monolayer organic 2D crystals and their application in organic transistors

Growth of monolayer 2D organic crystal has been an interesting topic in recent years owing to their promising properties. However, it is still a tough challenge to obtain the 2D organic crystal with precise thickness control and uniform morphology. Herein, we reported the fabrication of 2D crystals of alkane molecules C44H90 with only monolayer thickness and tunable size through the simple dip-coating process. Benefitted from the low solubility of the C44H90 and the isotropic Van der Waals interaction, quadrilateral-shape monolayer 2D crystals with size from several micrometers to nearly hundreds of micrometers can be achieved in the dip-coating process. Utilized the X-ray diffraction and high resolution atomic force microscopy, we obtained the clear packing mode of these monolayer crystals. In addition, these smooth 2D crystals show promising application in the thin film transistors by acting as a molecular template layer. It leads to an increment of about one magnitude on the charge mobility owing to the decreasing of both morphology defects and interface traps.</p

Soil Metabolome Impacts the Formation of the Eco-corona and Adsorption Processes on Microplastic Surfaces

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Synchronization of two fractional-order chaotic systems via nonsingular terminal Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control

La sincronización de dos sistemas caóticos complejos de orden fraccional se discute en este documento. El parámetro incertidumbre y la perturbación externa se incluyen en el modelo del sistema, y la sincronización de los sistemas considerados caóticos se implementa en base al concepto de tiempo finito. Primero, se propone una nueva superficie deslizante terminal no singular de orden fraccional que es adecuada para los sistemas de orden fraccional considerados. Se ha demostrado que una vez que las trayectorias del estado del sistema alcancen la superficie de deslizamiento propuesta, convergerán al origen dentro de un tiempo finito dado. En segundo lugar, en términos de la superficie deslizante terminal no singular establecida, que combina el control difuso y los esquemas de control de modo deslizante, se introduce una ley de control de modo deslizante difusa única novedosa y robusta que puede forzar las trayectorias del sistema de error dinámico de circuito cerrado para alcanzar el deslizamiento superficie durante un tiempo finito. Finalmente, utilizando el teorema de estabilidad fraccional de Lyapunov, se demuestra la estabilidad del método propuesto. El método propuesto se implementa para la sincronización de dos sistemas caóticos Genesio-Tesi de orden fraccional con parámetros inciertos y perturbaciones externas para verificar la efectividad del controlador de modo de deslizamiento difuso terminal no-singular de orden fraccional propuesto.The synchronization of two fractional-order complex chaotic systems is discussed in this paper. The parameter uncertainty and external disturbance are included in the system model, and the synchronization of the considered chaotic systems is implemented based on the finite-time concept. First, a novel fractional-order nonsingular terminal sliding surface which is suitable for the considered fractional-order systems is proposed. It is proven that once the state trajectories of the system reach the proposed sliding surface they will converge to the origin within a given finite time. Second, in terms of the established nonsingular terminal sliding surface, combining the fuzzy control and the sliding mode control schemes, a novel robust single fuzzy sliding mode control law is introduced, which can force the closed-loop dynamic error system trajectories to reach the sliding surface over a finite time. Finally, using the fractional Lyapunov stability theorem, the stability of the proposed method is proven. The proposed method is implemented for synchronization of two fractional-order Genesio-Tesi chaotic systems with uncertain parameters and external disturbances to verify the effectiveness of the proposed fractional-order nonsingular terminal fuzzy sliding mode controller.• National Natural Science Foundation of China. Becas U1604146, U1404610, 61473115, 61203047 • Science and Technology Research Project in Henan Province. 152102210273, 162102410024 • Foundation for the University Technological Innovative Talents of Henan Province. Beca 18HASTIT019peerReviewe

Torque Split Strategy for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles with an Integrated Starter Generator

This paper presents a torque split strategy for parallel hybrid electric vehicles with an integrated starter generator (ISG-PHEV) by using fuzzy logic control. By combining the efficiency map and the optimum torque curve of the internal combustion engine (ICE) with the state of charge (SOC) of the batteries, the torque split strategy is designed, which manages the ICE within its peak efficiency region. Taking the quantified ICE torque, the quantified SOC of the batteries, and the quantified ICE speed as inputs, and regarding the output torque demanded on the ICE as an output, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) with relevant fuzzy rules has been developed to determine the optimal torque distribution among the ICE, the ISG, and the electric motor/generator (EMG) effectively. The simulation results reveal that, compared with the conventional torque control strategy which uses rule-based controller (RBC) in different driving cycles, the proposed FLC improves the fuel economy of the ISG-PHEV, increases the efficiency of the ICE, and maintains batteries SOC within its operation range more availably

Genome-Wide Identification of NAC Transcription Factor Family in Juglans mandshurica and Their Expression Analysis during the Fruit Development and Ripening

The NAC (NAM, ATAF and CUC) gene family plays a crucial role in the transcriptional regulation of various biological processes and has been identified and characterized in multiple plant species. However, genome-wide identification of this gene family has not been implemented in Juglans mandshurica, and specific functions of these genes in the development of fruits remain unknown. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification and functional analysis of the NAC gene family during fruit development and identified a total of 114 JmNAC genes in the J. mandshurica genome. Chromosomal location analysis revealed that JmNAC genes were unevenly distributed in 16 chromosomes; the highest numbers were found in chromosomes 2 and 4. Furthermore, according to the homologues of JmNAC genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, a phylogenetic tree was constructed, and the results demonstrated 114 JmNAC genes, which were divided into eight subgroups. Four JmNAC gene pairs were identified as the result of tandem duplicates. Tissue-specific analysis of JmNAC genes during different developmental stages revealed that 39 and 25 JmNAC genes exhibited upregulation during the mature stage in walnut exocarp and embryos, indicating that they may serve key functions in fruit development. Furthermore, 12 upregulated JmNAC genes were common in fruit ripening stage in walnut exocarp and embryos, which demonstrated that these genes were positively correlated with fruit development in J. mandshurica. This study provides new insights into the regulatory functions of JmNAC genes during fruit development in J. mandshurica, thereby improving the understanding of characteristics and evolution of the JmNAC gene family