Counselling Psychologists’ Experiences of Working with Survivors of Sexual Abuse: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

This research aimed to explore the experiences of counselling psychologists working with survivors of sexual abuse in the UK. The rationale for this research is illustrated through a critical review of the existing literature examining the impact of working with survivors of sexual trauma on mental health professionals, which demonstrates a dearth of research examining this specific experience in counselling psychologists. Six counselling psychologists were interviewed with the use of semi-structured interviews. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was then used to conduct an in-depth analysis of the data, where four super-ordinate themes were constructed: “The experience of being with the client”; “Prevailing responses to the work”; “Being equipped for the work” and “Managing the complexities of the work”. Each superordinate theme was supported by sub-ordinate themes which highlighted the nuances and complexities that exist in working with this specific client group. The analysis demonstrated the multitude of challenges faced by participants, starting with sitting in the room with the client and extending to lasting changes in participants’ perception of the world. More specifically, the emotional cost of the work, the intricacies of the therapeutic relationship, and the prominence with which aspects of this work permeate personal lives were seen. A key component emerging from the analysis was the necessity of being adequately prepared for the work which could be further supported by counselling psychology training. This research also demonstrated that despite the challenges and pervasive complexities of the work, counselling psychologists have not only found ways to cope through the use of different strategies, they have indeed been able to find joy in the work. This research provides an insight into the lived experience of practitioners working with survivors of sexual abuse, and offers contributions to training, clinical practice, and research. Enhancements to training to facilitate working with this client group and an increase in support offered to practitioners emerged as crucial areas that need to be addressed in order to sustain the well-being of counselling psychologists and other mental health professionals, which will further benefit survivors of sexual abuse seeking therapy

Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis of Chromosome 1 and gene expression levels of MAD2 and BUB1 levels in premalignant stages of gastric tissue.

Gastric cancer is a common cause of cancer death in the world. The mortality rate from gastric cancer is high in UK as it often presents late, often with local or distant metastasis. This makes the treatment options limited. The pathogenesis of gastric cancer occurs in a multi step pathway with pre cancerous conditions leading to cancer eventually. It is important to understand this carcinogenic process (aneuploidy and abnormal gene expression levels) and the driving forces (eg. Helicobacter Pylori infection) which will enable us to alter the disease outcome.This series of experiment included cytogenetic investigation which involved obtaining gastric cells using brush cytology and using Fluorescent insitu hybridisation technique to look for aneuploidy levels of chromosome 1 and 4. These two chromosomes were chosen as chromosome 1 has been recently shown to be abnormal in early in premalignant stages of gastric cancer. Chromosome 4 was chosen as hyperploidy of chromosome 4 was the predominant chromosomal aberration in Barrett’s oesophagus. This study has shown that the aneuploidy level of chromosome 1 progressively increased with the progression of the histological stages according to the Correa’s premalignant gastric cancer pathway. Significant increase in aneuploidy levels of chromosome 1 was seen in H. Pylori associated gastritis, implying that H. Pylori play a very important role in the progression of the disease.Aneuploidy can occur due to various genetic defects that may potentially occur during mitosis. Spindle cell check points play a vital role in preventing the cells from proceeding to the anaphase stage if there is any defect in the kinetochore attachment. Certain genes like MAD2 and BUB1 are thought to be instrumental in controlling the spindle cell check points and it is believed a steady state of genes like MAD2 and BUB1 are required for this. In the second part of this study, the MAD2 and BUB1 expression levels were measured and correlated to the aneuploidy stages. There was no significant difference in their expression levels in patients with significant aneuploidy level. MAD2 levels were increased in H.Pyloriassociated gastritis, which implies that H. Pylori plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer

Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies distinct mouse medial ganglionic eminence cell types.

Many subtypes of cortical interneurons (CINs) are found in adult mouse cortices, but the mechanism generating their diversity remains elusive. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on the mouse embryonic medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), the major birthplace for CINs, and on MGE-like cells differentiated from embryonic stem cells. Two distinct cell types were identified as proliferating neural progenitors and immature neurons, both of which comprised sub-populations. Although lineage development of MGE progenitors was reconstructed and immature neurons were characterized as GABAergic, cells that might correspond to precursors of different CINs were not identified. A few non-neuronal cell types were detected, including microglia. In vitro MGE-like cells resembled bona fide MGE cells but expressed lower levels of Foxg1 and Epha4. Together, our data provide detailed understanding of the embryonic MGE developmental program and suggest how CINs are specified

Protecting big data mining association rules using fuzzy system

Recently, big data is granted to be the solution to opening the subsequent large fluctuations of increase in fertility. Along with the growth, it is facing some of the challenges. One of the significant problems is data security. While people use data mining methods to identify valuable information following massive database, people further hold the necessary to maintain any knowledge so while not to be worked out, like delicate common itemsets, practices, taxonomy tree and the like Association rule mining can make a possible warning approaching the secrecy of information. So, association rule hiding methods are applied to evade the hazard of delicate information misuse. Various kinds of investigation already prepared on association rule protecting. However, maximum of them concentrate on introducing methods with a limited view outcome for inactive databases (with only existing information), while presently the researchers facing the problem with continuous information. Moreover, in the era of big data, this is essential to optimize current systems to be suited concerning the big data. This paper proposes the framework is achieving the data anonymization by using fuzzy logic by supporting big data mining. The fuzzy logic grouping the sensitivity of the association rules with a suitable association level. Moreover, parallelization methods which are inserted in the present framework will support fast data mining process

Studies on Suitability of High Grade Manganese Ore of Bahadurgatta area, Chitradurga District, Karnataka in the manufacture of Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide

Manganese is one of the most widely distributed elements in the earth's crust. Manganese does not occur in nature in metallic form, but only in combination, usually in the form oxide, hydroxide, carbonate and silicate. Besides, it is important raw material in iron and steel industry, finds use in the manufacture of chem-icals and dry cells in the form of manganese dioxide. The Indian manganese dioxide ores are reported to be mostly of pyrolusite and cryptomelane and devoid of gamma or delta form

THE ROLE OF HATHA YOGA IN HUMAN IMMUNO DEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)/ACQUIRED IMMUNO DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)

The Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) considered to be great deal of courage to face the disease that seems to have no cure as yet. Many of the people living with HIV (PLHIV), have the intense feelings of hopelessness, loneliness, fear, anxiety and depression. The Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART) has effectively reduced HIV related morbidity and mortality for PLHIV. Even they are living longer with ART, but significant side-effects like anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and stress related problems are unavoidable. The National Institute of Health and World Health Organization recommends that, yoga makes to minimize the side effects ART and stress related problems of PLHIV. Among many branches of yoga, Hatha yoga enhances the capacity of the physical body through the use of series body postures, movements (Asanas) and breathing techniques (Pranayama). It’s a form of mind-body fitness that involves the combination of muscular activity and an internally focus on the mind for awareness of the self, breath and energy aids to boost immunity and relax the mind. Many research studies supported that, this behavior modification of yoga is potentially safe, effective and this low-cost management help to ‘detoxify’ the body, mitigate chronic fatigue, enhance endurance, improve organ and immune functions makes to enhance overall well being and quality of life of PLHIV

Primary systemic amyloidosis: a case report

Primary amyloidosis is a group of monoclonal plasma cell disorders, characterized by extracellular deposition of immunoglobulin light chain fibrils in multiple organs leading to progressive multiorgan dysfunction. It is a rare disease which usually occurs in elderly persons and has a poor prognosis. We report a 72-year-old male patient with chronic abdominal distension, bilateral pitting pedal edema with nephrotic range proteinuria and amyloid deposition in liver and bone marrow. Immunoelectrophoresis of serum demonstrated the presence of immunoglobulin light chains of the circulating monoclonal protein. He was treated with IV bortezomib and IV dexamethasone