The Environmental Aspect of Denmark’s Foreign Policy at the Present Stage

This article describes Danish government interaction with other countries in environmental issues. The article examines countries which have the closest cooperation with Denmark in environmental matters, and describes the main directions of their interaction. The article describes in which organizations Denmark has the most active environmental policy.В данной статье описывается взаимодействие Дании с другими государствами в вопросах экологии в рамках ее внешней политики. Рассматриваются страны, с которыми Дания имеет наиболее тесное сотрудничество в вопросах экологии, а также анализируются основные направления их взаимодействия. Описываются основные организации, в которых Дания наиболее ведет наиболее активную экологическую деятельность

Sustainability of workers in terms of the COVID-19 pandemic: international research experience

The purpose of the article was to study the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sustainability of workers. The paper analyses relevant domestic and foreign publications in the field of labour and employment. There is no single point of view regarding remote employment as one of the most effective ways to preserve health of workers. Among the main disadvantages of remote employment are the lack of live communication and contacts with colleagues, difficulties with organizing the workflow in the technological aspect, as well as the difficulty of combining work and household responsibilities. Researchers have an unambiguous position on reducing the number of working hours, fears of losing jobs or earnings – such risks are increasing in many regions of the world, and part of the population has already directly faced such problems. At the same time, for example, fears of losing a job largely depend on the form of ownership, the specifics of the organization’s activities, etc. The study pays particular attention to the situation of certain categories of workers and vulnerable segments of society in the labour market. The authors outline the prospects for remote employment and maintaining the sustainability of the position of workers in the new socio-economic reality.Keywords: coronavirus pandemic, COVID-19, employment, labor market, labor relations, non-standard employment, remote employment, transformation of employment, unemploymen

Between Scylla and Charybdis: Theoretical Reflections on ‘The Protection of Intellectual Property Rights under International Investment Law’ by Klopschinski, Gibson and Ruse-Khan

INTRODUCTION. The relationship between investment protection and intellectual property rights is one of the longstanding issues in international investment law — intellectual property rights have long been recognised as a form of ‘investment’ entitled to protection under bilateral investment treaties and other international investment agreements. The book co-authored by Simon Klopschinski, Christopher Gibson, and Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan, and entitled The Protection of Intellectual Property Rights under International Investment Law [Klopschinski, Gibson,Ruse-Khan 2021] provides a welcome contribution to the debate on the issue by addressing the problem from an informed theoretical standpoint. However, this issue, as correctly pointed out by the authors, is not merely a theoretical one, but rather one with significant consequences in terms of the integration of other concerns and values in investment treaties and arbitral cases, such as intellectual property rights protection.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The materials for the article were the book co-authored by Simon Klopschinski, Christopher Gibson, and Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan, The Protection of Intellectual Property Rights under International Investment Law (2021), in light of the relevant academic literature in the field of international investment law and IP. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific and special methods.RESEARCH RESULTS. Without doubt, this book is a comprehensive and stimulating study by the experts in both fields that will deepen understanding of the relationship between IP and investment. The authors masterfully bring together discourses that are taking place between scholars and practitioners in each regime, but frequently in relative isolation from each other.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. With regard to the subject-matter, it is clear that no matter how specialised the fields of international law already are, and will increasingly become in the future, they maintain common roots and traits. Once this path of mutual exchange is taken, many positive cross-fertilisation effects can be expected in the future. The greatest part of the book consists of an analysis of shared procedural and substantive norms. Klopschinski, Gibson and Ruse-Khan focus on how substantive provisions are articulated across the two legal regimes and identifies commonalities and differences in framing and in how they are interpreted in dispute settlement

The Internet and Prospective Engineers: Results Analysis for Studies Conducted During the Pandemic

The relevance of the study is justified by transition to distance learning that modifies the learning methods and principles during the pandemic to conform to remote training needs of students majoring in Land Management and Cadastres at Arctic State Agrotechnological University (ASAU). of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The study objective was to substantiate the interaction between ASAU students and teachers in remote training organization within the pandemic period using network technologies. The study monitored the educational process dynamics during the pandemic. The study results evidence that during the pandemic, a particular priority in educational process arrangement at ASAU was given to enhancing the professional readiness of students and teachers and building up their competence in organizing their professional activities using the Internet in compliance with the latest requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards. The reference and experimental groups were sampled based on students’ interviews during the transition to remote access Internet-based educational process.  The practical implications of the study lie in identifying the distinctive features of teachers’ and students’ educational activities at ASAU during the pandemic. These results can be adapted and implemented in the system of prospective engineers’ training in other regional universities in the north-east of Russia

Efficacy of olocizumab in treatment of COVID-19 patients

Background. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6) is activated in COVID-19. Using olokizumab which inhibits IL-6 production in treatment of COVID-19 is pathogenetically justified.The aim. To study in real clinical practice the efficacy and safety of using the IL-6inhibitor (olokizumab) in treatment of patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia.Materials and methods. The first group included 41 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia having complex therapy including olokizumab. The control group consisted of 66 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia who did not have therapy with IL-6 inhibitor. We analyzed clinical (volume of lung involvement, respiratory failure degree, body mass index) and laboratory data (levels of T-troponin, lactate, procalcitonin, natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, D-dimer, ferritin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, glomerular filtration rate).Results. The groups did not differ in gender, age, body mass index of patients, volume of lung tissue injury, and duration of hospitalization (p > 0.05). Respiratory failure of 2–3rd degree was more common in patients of the first group (χ2 = 6.3; p = 0.010). The initial levels of C-reactive protein (50.9 [34.2; 76.2] and 32.2 [9.9; 69.1] mg/L respectively; p = 0.009) and fibrinogen (6.0 [5.3; 6.7] and 5.2 [4.3; 6.2] g/l respectively; p = 0.005) in patients having therapy including olokizumab were significantly higher than in the control group. The levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen and ferritin, D-dimer, detected upon admission of patients to the hospital, didn’t have statistically significant differences. At discharge, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients receiving olokizumab was statistically significantly lower (9.0 [5.5; 14.5] and 13.0 [7.0; 27.0] mm/h; p = 0.018).Conclusions. Using olokizumab in the treatment patient with COVID-19 pneumonia has demonstrated a positive effect on clinical and laboratory parameters (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen level) in patients with pronounced inflammatory changes and respiratory impairment

Interfacial adsorption and stripping of ions as a reason of stimuli responsive luminescence of Tb-doped silica nanoparticles

Herein we introduce the "on-off-on" switching of Tb-centered luminescence as a result of reversible adsorption of Fe III ions at the silica/water interface of Tb-doped silica nanoparticles and the stripping effect of anions. The interfacial adsorption of Fe III ions results in the charge neutralization and aggregation of Tb-doped silica nanoparticles, accompanied by significant quenching of Tb-centered luminescence. The analysis of the steady state and time resolved quenching measurements reveals both static and dynamic quenching mechanisms. The addition of EDTA and some phosphates, including ATP results in the deaggregation of nanoparticles due to the complex formation with Fe III ions and following stripping of FeIII ions from the silica surface. The "off-on" switching of Tb-centered luminescence resulted from the stripping effect of biorelevant phosphates is a good basis for further bioanalytical application. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Frequency of hemodynamic response to orthostatic stress in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, associations with clinical blood pressure

Aim. To assess hemodynamic response to active standing test (AST) with beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) monitoring, their association with office BP and symptoms of orthostatic intolerance in patients with heart failure (HF).Material and methods. Outpatient HF patients with documented  left ventricular ejection  fraction <40%, followed   up in a HF center  and receiving optimal medical therapy, underwent AST with beat-to-beat  non-invasive BP monitoring.Hemodynamic response was assessed according to the European Federation of Autonomic Societies criteria.Results. The study included 87 patients (mean age, 57±10 years; men, 76%). Normal hemodynamic response to orthostatic stress was observed  in 36 (41,4%) patients. Pathological response prevailed during the first minute of orthostatic stress — initial orthostatic hypotension (OH) (n=29, 33,3%) and delayed BP recovery (n=18, 20,7%).  Classical OH was detected  in 4 (4,6%)  patients. There was no orthostatic hypertension, defined as an increase in systolic BP (SBP) ≥20 mm Hg. According to office BP, hypotension was observed in 19 (21,8%) patients (SBP <90 mm Hg in 4 patients and 90-100 mm Hg in 15), hypertension (SBP >140 mm Hg) in 11 (12,6%) patients. Pathological response to orthostatic stress were more often observed  in office  SBP >140 mm Hg compared  to SBP ≤140 mmHg (90,9% and 53,9%, p=0,020).Orthostatic intolerance was noted in 43 (49,4%) patients and were not associated with the level of office SBP (p=0,398) or pathological responses to orthostatic stress (p=0,758 for initial OH and p=0,248  for delayed  BP recovery).Conclusion. The pathological hemodynamic response in AST with beat-to-beat BP monitoring in ambulatory patients with HF is most often represented  by initial OH and delayed BP recovery associated  with office SBP >140 mmHg. The frequency of symptoms of orthostatic intolerance did not differ between groups depending on the presence of an inadequate response to orthostatic stress

Heterometallic complex formation on p-sulfonatothiacalix[4]arene platform resulting in pH- and redox-modification of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ luminescence

The pH-dependent heterometallic complex formation with p-sulfonatothiacalix[4]arene (TCAS) as bridging ligand in aqueous solutions was revealed by the use of spectrophotometry, nuclear magnetic relaxation and fluorimetry methods. The novelty of the structural motif presented is that the appendance of emission metal center ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) is achieved through the cooperative non-covalent interactions with the upper rim of TCAS. The second metal block (Fe(III), Fe(II) and Mn(II)), bound with the lower rim of TCAS in the inner sphere coordination mode is serving as quencher of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ emission. The difference between the complex ability of Fe(III) and Fe(II) ions provides pH conditions for redox-dependent emission of [Ru(bpy)3]2+. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

The Present and Future of the Employment Paradigm in the Context of Global Changes

Major transformations have taken place throughout history, radically changing people’s way of life. This can be noted in particular in the area of employment. In just the last few centuries, it has gone from predominantly agrarian employment, manual work and natural specialization to the technology-based image of the service-sector worker. The purpose of the article is to comprehend and conceptualize the process of forming a new employment paradigm through the prism of global challenges. The hypothesis is that in the modern world, employment is becoming increasingly blurred, combining features of different eras, which results in an intensification of social stratification and labor market segmentation. The research is based on the methodological principles of compiling a systematic review and consists of the following steps: goal setting and study design, selection of relevant literature according to the defined criteria, generalization and analytical review of selected sources, presentation of results. The analysis highlights the key trends in the field of employment at the current stage of social development. Among them are concentration of the labor force in the tertiary sector, destandardization and increased flexibility of employment, changes in the economy’s requirements for human capital, etc. Special attention is paid to the influence of global challenges on the future of work under single-factor and complex scenarios of its development. The authors provide an analytical review of international experience in overcoming the negative consequences of employment transformation. The paper concludes by offering conceptual understanding of the emerging paradigm of employment and highlighting its cognitive features. The results obtained contribute to the development of the discussion on the future of work, related opportunities and threats. The practical significance of the study lies in identifying promising directions of state policy to regulate employment in the face of modern challenges.На протяжении всей истории человечества происходят масштабные преобразования, коренным образом меняющие привычный уклад жизни людей. Особенно характерно это проявляется в сфере занятости. Только за последние несколько столетий был пройден путь от преимущественно аграрной занятости в домохозяйствах с использованием ручного труда и естественной специализации до технологичного образа работника сервисной экономики. В этой связи целью статьи стало теоретическое осмысление и концептуализация процесса формирования новой парадигмы занятости сквозь призму глобальных вызовов. Гипотеза исследования - в современном мире занятость населения приобретает все более размытый характер, совмещая в себе черты разных эпох, что оборачивается усилением процессов расслоения общества и сегментации рынка труда. Работа основана на методологических принципах составления систематического обзора и включает следующие этапы: постановка цели и разработка дизайна исследования, отбор соответствующей литературы по выделенным критериям, обобщение и аналитический обзор отобранных источников, представление результатов. В ходе анализа выделены ключевые тенденции в сфере занятости на современном этапе общественного развития. К их числу отнесены: концентрация рабочей силы в третичном секторе, дестандартизация и повышение гибкости занятости, изменение требований экономики к человеческому капиталу и т. д. Особое внимание уделено влиянию глобальных вызовов на будущее сферы занятости в рамках однофакторных и комплексных сценариев ее развития. Представлен аналитический обзор международного опыта преодоления негативных последствий процесса трансформации занятости. На основе анализа сложившегося вокруг данной проблематики научного дискурса предложено концептуальное представление о формирующейся парадигме занятости и выделены ее когнитивные признаки. Полученные результаты вносят вклад в развитие дискуссии о будущем сферы труда и связанных с ним возможностей и угроз и могут быть использованы при определении перспективных направлений государственной политики по регулированию занятости населения в условиях современных вызовов.а протяжении всей истории человечества происходят масштабные преобразования, коренным образом меняющие привычный уклад жизни людей. Особенно характерно это проявляется в сфере занятости. Только за последние несколько столетий был пройден путь от преимущественно аграрной занятости в домохозяйствах с использованием ручного труда и естественной специализации до технологичного образа работника сервисной экономики. В этой связи целью статьи стало теоретическое осмысление и концептуализация процесса формирования новой парадигмы занятости сквозь призму глобальных вызовов. Гипотеза исследования - в современном мире занятость населения приобретает все более размытый характер, совмещая в себе черты разных эпох, что оборачивается усилением процессов расслоения общества и сегментации рынка труда. Работа основана на методологических принципах составления систематического обзора и включает следующие этапы: постановка цели и разработка дизайна исследования, отбор соответствующей литературы по выделенным критериям, обобщение и аналитический обзор отобранных источников, представление результатов. В ходе анализа выделены ключевые тенденции в сфере занятости на современном этапе общественного развития. К их числу отнесены: концентрация рабочей силы в третичном секторе, дестандартизация и повышение гибкости занятости, изменение требований экономики к человеческому капиталу и т. д. Особое внимание уделено влиянию глобальных вызовов на будущее сферы занятости в рамках однофакторных и комплексных сценариев ее развития. Представлен аналитический обзор международного опыта преодоления негативных последствий процесса трансформации занятости. На основе анализа сложившегося вокруг данной проблематики научного дискурса предложено концептуальное представление о формирующейся парадигме занятости и выделены ее когнитивные признаки. Полученные результаты вносят вклад в развитие дискуссии о будущем сферы труда и связанных с ним возможностей и угроз и могут быть использованы при определении перспективных направлений государственной политики по регулированию занятости населения в условиях современных вызовов.The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-110-50402.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20-110-50402