Potential for Development and Limitations of Regional Business Environment

The article considers some questions of institutional support for the development of the regional business environment. In connection with constantly growing social liabilities of regional and municipal authorities, which results in the upsurge of risks of budget imbalance at respective levels, the research provides a foundation to the necessity of forming favorable business environment promoting enterprise activity in regions. The process of creating institutes of a region’s business environment is analyzed with applying a matrix institutional model of entrepreneurship. The article reveals the mechanism stipulating the emergence of specific peculiarities of institutional configurations of the regional business environment. A conclusion is drawn about the decisive role of the institutional configuration of the business environment in the existing differences in the levels of social and economic development of regions. The researchers put forward a hypothesis that supporting a favorable institutional configuration of a region’s business environment that stimulates enterprise activity in the area cannot last indefinitely as its development is of a cyclical nature. Simulation parameters for the formation and maintenance of a favorable institutional configuration of the business environment are given. With the aim of practical application of the suggested approach, the authors suggest a methodology allowing for regional authorities to estimate the expediency of favorable institutional configuration of business environment, and on this basis to formulate rules of play for business so that these rules could boost business activity and increase the contribution of entrepreneurship to the region’s social and economic development. The approach under consideration provides an opportunity to substantiate a theoretical and methodological framework for developing practical mechanisms of projecting and further long-term maintenance of favorable institutional configuration of business environment which will contribute to expanding the region’s business activity, and which is resistant to negative effects of the external environment.Work produced with the financial support of the grant FSBI “Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation” in the framework of scientific — research project “Interaction of authority and business organizations in the municipalities: through compromise to mutual loyalty» № 15-12-02008

Influence of Administrative Regulation on the Efficiency of Business Activities in the Region

The article discusses the theoretical issues of the formation of the administrative regulation mechanisms for business entities. The necessity of the further development of theoretical and methodological base and the application tools for the design of business environment is proved. This can stimulate the growth of business and investment activity in the Russian regions and municipalities. The authors identify two types of government structures influence on the business entities, differentiated by the nature of the targeting impact on the economic activity of business structures—the administrative pressure and administrative assistance. It is suggested that in practice, high cost implications for compliance with all regulation requirements as well as sanctions for the violation of these requirements create preconditions for the development of informal interaction between entrepreneurs and the representatives of regulatory bodies. Therefore, businessmen try to minimize the costs associated with the implementation of formal administrative requirements, rules and regulations by personal arrangements. A mathematical model for the assessment of the informal interaction between business entities and certain officials of control supervisory authorities is proposed. It allows to determine the range of benefits for economic entities from avoiding the implementation of administrative norms, requirements and rules. It is concluded that unreasonably high level of costs for the implementation of formal administrative requirements rules and regulations by business entities composes the economic basis for the reproduction of informal relations. This determines mutual benefits for a number of entrepreneurs and a part of bureaucracy from various schemes of informal interaction.The article has been prepared with the support of the Grant of the Russian Foundation for Humanities in the framework of the research and development project " Development of a favourable institutional configuration of the regional business environment as the factor to increase the competitiveness of business entities" No. 16–12–02007

The development mechanism of financial resources of the housing mortgage lending in Russia

The urgency of the analyzed issue is due to the priority of state issues of providing the population with affordable and comfortable housing. The purpose of research is to develop the main provisions of the development mechanism of financial resources of the housing mortgage lending and to develop practical recommendations for its implementation. The leading approach to research this issue is a systematic approach, which used such scientific methods as analysis and synthesis, economic and mathematical and statistical methods, logic, and dialectic methods. Key findings of research are to develop the functional model of the development mechanism of financial resources of the housing mortgage lending; to clarify the understanding of mortgage and housing mortgage lending. The article also shows the scheme of public-private partnerships in order to enhance the formation of financial resources for the construction of affordable housing for the population. The contents of the article may be used in the practice of commercial banks in attracting financial resources and regional authorities in order to improve the housing supply. © 2016 Savinova et al

Clustering as a criterion for the success of modern industrial enterprises

The paper reveals the problems of the use of clusters as an important factor of innovative development of Russian enterprises and territorial entities delineated a theoretical basis for the existence of territorial formations, showing their relationship with the clusters displayed in the cluster's functioning as an open system. All the more important in the formation of innovation territorial entities in Russia acquire the cluster structure based on cooperation of enterprises, financial institutions, educational institutions etc. In the developed countries have long had and continue to have such structures in various industries. In the works of famous foreign scientists clearly defined theoretical bases of formation and functioning of clusters, use cluster models to ensure the competitiveness of the economy, their advantages and disadvantages. Foreign experience can be useful to develop a national strategy for clustering of Russia, with a comprehensive study of its socioeconomic development. These tasks at this stage be a priority for Central and local public authorities. Issues related to the principles of clusters, innovation economy, have been studied by many scientists, both Russian and foreign. In published works, the essence of cluster analysis, given the definition of "cluster" classification of clusters, the role of innovative development of economy, experience of the use of cluster models, etc

Economic Growth of Municipalities in Russia: Assessment of Unevenness in Time and Space

The unevenness of economic development is revealed at all levels of administrative-territorial administration and is an integral feature of the economic space as a whole. The relevance of the study is determined by the unresolved issues of ensuring long-term sustainable growth, determining the optimal level of unevenness that contributes to the effective growth of the entire economic system of the country. The purpose of the work is to identify the conditions for variation in the economic growth of Russian municipalities in space and time. The hypothesis of the study is that the uneven economic growth of municipalities is determined simultaneously by the contextual characteristics of the regions in which they are included, and the characteristics of individual time periods. The emphasis is on intergroup and intragroup differences determined by the determinants of time and the hierarchical relationship of administrative territorial units of management within a hierarchical linear model with cross-classified random effects. The study was conducted on the data of 2,016 municipalities in the context of 75 constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the period 2015-2019. The results of the study show that 68.4 % of the total variation of municipalities in terms of the volume of shipped goods, works, services for 2015-2019. due to differences in municipalities, 18.9 % - the characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 0.1 % - the determinants of time. The new results of the study are the concretization of the influence of well-known growth factors in relation to individual levels of the territorial hierarchy, as well as the rationale for the inter-level interaction of factors. It is shown that the relationship between investment and production at the municipal level should be considered in conjunction with the share of the extractive industry, and the relationship between wages and production, taking into account the share of agriculture in the\constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The results obtained indicate the presence\of regional features, manifested in intermunicipal and interregional spatio-temporal variation, and emphasize the importance of both municipal and regional factors for ensuring the growth of the economy of municipalities. They can be used in the development of recommendations for improving state policy in the field of municipal and regional government.Неравномерность экономического развития выявляется на всех уровнях административно-территориального управления и является неотъемлемым свойством экономического пространства в целом. Актуальность исследования определяется нерешенностью вопросов обеспечения долговременного устойчивого роста, определения оптимального уровня неравномерности, способствующей эффективному росту всей экономической системы страны. Цель работы – выявление условий вариации экономического роста муниципальных образований России в пространстве и времени. Гипотеза исследования заключается в том, что неравномерность экономического роста муниципальных образований определяется одновременно контекстуальными характеристиками регионов, в которые они включены, и особенностями отдельных временных периодов. Акцент сделан на межгрупповых и внутригрупповых различиях, определяемых детерминантами времени и иерархической связью административно территориальных единиц управления в рамках иерархической линейной модели с кросс-классифицированными случайными эффектами. Исследование проведено на данных 2 016 муниципальных образований в разрезе 75 субъектов РФ в период 2015–2019 гг. Результаты проведенного исследования показывают, что 68,4 % общей вариации муниципальных образований по объему отгруженных товаров, работ, услуг за 2015–2019 гг. обусловлено различиями муниципальных образований, 18,9 % – особенностями субъектов РФ, 0,1 % – детерминантами времени. Новыми результатами исследования являются конкретизация влияние общеизвестных факторов роста применительно к отдельным уровням территориальной иерархии, а также обоснование межуровневого взаимодействия факторов. Показано, что связь инвестиций и производства на муниципальном уровне следует рассматривать в увязке с долей добывающей промышленности, а связь заработной платы и производства с учетом доли сельского хозяйства в субъектах РФ. Полученные результаты указывают на наличие региональных особенностей, проявляющихся в межмуниципальной и межрегиональной пространственно-временной вариации, и подчеркивают значимость как муниципальных, так и региональных факторов для обеспечения роста экономики муниципальных образований. Они могут быть использованы при разработке рекомендаций по совершенствованию государственной политики в области муниципального и регионального управления.Неравномерность экономического развития выявляется на всех уровнях административно-территориального управления и является неотъемлемым свойством экономического пространства в целом. Актуальность исследования определяется нерешенностью вопросов обеспечения долговременного устойчивого роста, определения оптимального уровня неравномерности, способствующей эффективному росту всей экономической системы страны. Цель работы – выявление условий вариации экономического роста муниципальных образований России в пространстве и времени. Гипотеза исследования заключается в том, что неравномерность экономического роста муниципальных образований определяется одновременно контекстуальными характеристиками регионов, в которые они включены, и особенностями отдельных временных периодов. Акцент сделан на межгрупповых и внутригрупповых различиях, определяемых детерминантами времени и иерархической связью административно территориальных единиц управления в рамках иерархической линейной модели с кросс-классифицированными случайными эффектами. Исследование проведено на данных 2 016 муниципальных образований в разрезе 75 субъектов РФ в период 2015–2019 гг. Результаты проведенного исследования показывают, что 68,4 % общей вариации муниципальных образований по объему отгруженных товаров, работ, услуг за 2015–2019 гг. обусловлено различиями муниципальных образований, 18,9 % – особенностями субъектов РФ, 0,1 % – детерминантами времени. Новыми результатами исследования являются конкретизация влияние общеизвестных факторов роста применительно к отдельным уровням территориальной иерархии, а также обоснование межуровневого взаимодействия факторов. Показано, что связь инвестиций и производства на муниципальном уровне следует рассматривать в увязке с долей добывающей промышленности, а связь заработной платы и производства с учетом доли сельского хозяйства в субъектах РФ. Полученные результаты указывают на наличие региональных особенностей, проявляющихся в межмуниципальной и межрегиональной пространственно-временной вариации, и подчеркивают значимость как муниципальных, так и региональных факторов для обеспечения роста экономики муниципальных образований. Они могут быть использованы при разработке рекомендаций по совершенствованию государственной политики в области муниципального и регионального управления.This work is supported b y t he M inistry o f S cience a nd H igher E ducation o f t he Russian Federation (scientific code FZWU-2020–0027).Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (код научной темы FZWU-2020–0027)

Adult onset asthma and interaction between genes and active tobacco smoking: The GABRIEL consortium.

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies have identified novel genetic associations for asthma, but without taking into account the role of active tobacco smoking. This study aimed to identify novel genes that interact with ever active tobacco smoking in adult onset asthma. METHODS: We performed a genome-wide interaction analysis in six studies participating in the GABRIEL consortium following two meta-analyses approaches based on 1) the overall interaction effect and 2) the genetic effect in subjects with and without smoking exposure. We performed a discovery meta-analysis including 4,057 subjects of European descent and replicated our findings in an independent cohort (LifeLines Cohort Study), including 12,475 subjects. RESULTS: First approach: 50 SNPs were selected based on an overall interaction effect at p<10-4. The most pronounced interaction effect was observed for rs9969775 on chromosome 9 (discovery meta-analysis: ORint = 0.50, p = 7.63*10-5, replication: ORint = 0.65, p = 0.02). Second approach: 35 SNPs were selected based on the overall genetic effect in exposed subjects (p <10-4). The most pronounced genetic effect was observed for rs5011804 on chromosome 12 (discovery meta-analysis ORint = 1.50, p = 1.21*10-4; replication: ORint = 1.40, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Using two genome-wide interaction approaches, we identified novel polymorphisms in non-annotated intergenic regions on chromosomes 9 and 12, that showed suggestive evidence for interaction with active tobacco smoking in the onset of adult asthma

Clustering as a criterion for the success of modern industrial enterprises

The paper reveals the problems of the use of clusters as an important factor of innovative development of Russian enterprises and territorial entities delineated a theoretical basis for the existence of territorial formations, showing their relationship with the clusters displayed in the cluster's functioning as an open system. All the more important in the formation of innovation territorial entities in Russia acquire the cluster structure based on cooperation of enterprises, financial institutions, educational institutions etc. In the developed countries have long had and continue to have such structures in various industries. In the works of famous foreign scientists clearly defined theoretical bases of formation and functioning of clusters, use cluster models to ensure the competitiveness of the economy, their advantages and disadvantages. Foreign experience can be useful to develop a national strategy for clustering of Russia, with a comprehensive study of its socioeconomic development. These tasks at this stage be a priority for Central and local public authorities. Issues related to the principles of clusters, innovation economy, have been studied by many scientists, both Russian and foreign. In published works, the essence of cluster analysis, given the definition of "cluster" classification of clusters, the role of innovative development of economy, experience of the use of cluster models, etc

Clustering as a criterion for the success of modern industrial enterprises

The paper reveals the problems of the use of clusters as an important factor of innovative development of Russian enterprises and territorial entities delineated a theoretical basis for the existence of territorial formations, showing their relationship with the clusters displayed in the cluster's functioning as an open system. All the more important in the formation of innovation territorial entities in Russia acquire the cluster structure based on cooperation of enterprises, financial institutions, educational institutions etc. In the developed countries have long had and continue to have such structures in various industries. In the works of famous foreign scientists clearly defined theoretical bases of formation and functioning of clusters, use cluster models to ensure the competitiveness of the economy, their advantages and disadvantages. Foreign experience can be useful to develop a national strategy for clustering of Russia, with a comprehensive study of its socioeconomic development. These tasks at this stage be a priority for Central and local public authorities. Issues related to the principles of clusters, innovation economy, have been studied by many scientists, both Russian and foreign. In published works, the essence of cluster analysis, given the definition of "cluster" classification of clusters, the role of innovative development of economy, experience of the use of cluster models, etc

Clustering as a criterion for the success of modern industrial enterprises

The paper reveals the problems of the use of clusters as an important factor of innovative development of Russian enterprises and territorial entities delineated a theoretical basis for the existence of territorial formations, showing their relationship with the clusters displayed in the cluster's functioning as an open system. All the more important in the formation of innovation territorial entities in Russia acquire the cluster structure based on cooperation of enterprises, financial institutions, educational institutions etc. In the developed countries have long had and continue to have such structures in various industries. In the works of famous foreign scientists clearly defined theoretical bases of formation and functioning of clusters, use cluster models to ensure the competitiveness of the economy, their advantages and disadvantages. Foreign experience can be useful to develop a national strategy for clustering of Russia, with a comprehensive study of its socioeconomic development. These tasks at this stage be a priority for Central and local public authorities. Issues related to the principles of clusters, innovation economy, have been studied by many scientists, both Russian and foreign. In published works, the essence of cluster analysis, given the definition of "cluster" classification of clusters, the role of innovative development of economy, experience of the use of cluster models, etc

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FEATURES FOR BLAND-WHITE-GARLANDSYNDROME DIAGNOSIS IN ADULTS

Bland-White-Garland syndrome (BWFS) is an abnormal arising of the left coronary artery (LCA) from the pulmonary artery trunk (PA), (in English-speaking literature ALCAPA – anomalous left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery) and it is rather rare pathology, 0,24-0,45% of cases of all congenital heart diseases. There are infantile and adult types described. In most cases, this anatomic anomaly is found at children or teenage age. We present the observations of patients with the BWGS adult type in this article and analyze possibilities of ECG while diagnosing this rare condition