Multiport Impedance Quantization

With the increase of complexity and coherence of superconducting systems made using the principles of circuit quantum electrodynamics, more accurate methods are needed for the characterization, analysis and optimization of these quantum processors. Here we introduce a new method of modelling that can be applied to superconducting structures involving multiple Josephson junctions, high-Q superconducting cavities, external ports, and voltage sources. Our technique, an extension of our previous work on single-port structures [1], permits the derivation of system Hamiltonians that are capable of representing every feature of the physical system over a wide frequency band and the computation of T1 times for qubits. We begin with a black box model of the linear and passive part of the system. Its response is given by its multiport impedance function Zsim(w), which can be obtained using a finite-element electormagnetics simulator. The ports of this black box are defined by the terminal pairs of Josephson junctions, voltage sources, and 50 Ohm connectors to high-frequency lines. We fit Zsim(w) to a positive-real (PR) multiport impedance matrix Z(s), a function of the complex Laplace variable s. We then use state-space techniques to synthesize a finite electric circuit admitting exactly the same impedance Z(s) across its ports; the PR property ensures the existence of this finite physical circuit. We compare the performance of state-space algorithms to classical frequency domain methods, justifying their superiority in numerical stability. The Hamiltonian of the multiport model circuit is obtained by using existing lumped element circuit quantization formalisms [2, 3]. Due to the presence of ideal transformers in the model circuit, these quantization methods must be extended, requiring the introduction of an extension of the Kirchhoff voltage and current laws

Blackbox Quantization of Superconducting Circuits using exact Impedance Synthesis

We propose a new quantization method for superconducting electronic circuits involving a Josephson junction device coupled to a linear microwave environment. The method is based on an exact impedance synthesis of the microwave environment considered as a blackbox with impedance function Z(s). The synthesized circuit captures dissipative dynamics of the system with resistors coupled to the reactive part of the circuit in a non-trivial way. We quantize the circuit and compute relaxation rates following previous formalisms for lumped element circuit quantization. Up to the errors in the fit our method gives an exact description of the system and its losses

Multi-qubit parity measurement in circuit quantum electrodynamics

We present a concept for performing direct parity measurements on three or more qubits in microwave structures with superconducting resonators coupled to Josephson-junction qubits. We write the quantum-eraser conditions that must be fulfilled for the parity measurements as requirements for the scattering phase shift of our microwave structure. We show that these conditions can be fulfilled with present-day devices. We present one particular scheme, implemented with two-dimensional cavity techniques, in which each qubit should be coupled equally to two different microwave cavities. The magnitudes of the couplings that are needed are in the range that has been achieved in current experiments. A quantum calculation indicates that the measurement is optimal if the scattering signal can be measured with near single photon sensitivity. A comparison with an extension of a related proposal from cavity optics is presented. We present a second scheme, for which a scalable implementation of the four-qubit parities of the surface quantum error correction code can be envisioned. It uses three-dimensional cavity structures, using cavity symmetries to achieve the necessary multiple resonant modes within a single resonant structure

Şizofreni hastalarında yetiyitimi içgörü ve öz bakım gücünün değerlendirilmesi

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.GİRİŞ VE AMAÇ: Şizofreni pozitif-negatif belirtilerle seyreden, içgörüyü olumsuz etkileyen, ağır yeti yitimiyle sonuçlanan dolayısıyla hastaların günlük yaşam ve öz bakım becerilerini azaltan kronik bir hastalıktır. Çalışmamızda remisyon dönemindeki şizofreni hastalarında pozitif negatif belirtiler, içgörü ile yeti yitimi arasındaki ilişki ve buna bağlı öz bakım gücünün değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Araştırmaya Kasım 2017- Mayıs 2018 tarihleri arasında, belirlenen Toplum Ruh Sağlığı Merkezlerinde şizofreni tanısıyla izlenen 100 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Veriler Görüşme Formu, Pozitif ve Negatif Sendrom Ölçeği (PANNS), Birchwood İçgörü Ölçeği, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Yeti Yitimi Değerlendirme Çizelgesi (WHO-DAS 2), Öz-Bakım Gücü Ölçekleri kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler bağımsız T testi, ANOVA ve pearson korelasyon testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. BULGULAR: Çalışmada PANNS ölçeği negatif sendrom alt boyut puanı ile Birchwood İçgörü ölçeği belirtilerin farkında olma alt boyut puanı arasında pozitif yönde ilişki bulunmuştur. PANNS ölçeği alt boyutları ile WHO- DAS 2 ölçeği tüm alt boyutları arasında pozitif yönde ilişki saptanmıştır. PANNS ölçeği alt boyutları ile Öz-Bakım Gücü Ölçeği toplam puanı arasında negatif yönde ilişki saptanmıştır. Belirtilerin farkında olma ve Birchwood İçgörü Ölçeği toplam puanı ile Öz-Bakım Gücü Ölçeği puan ortalamaları arasında negatif yönde ilişki tespit edilmiştir. WHO-DAS 2 ölçeği tüm alt boyutları ile Öz-Bakım Gücü Ölçeği toplam puanı arsında negatif yönde ilişki tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). SONUÇ: Çalışmamıza katılan hastaların negatif belirtilerle seyrettiği, yaşamın her alanında yeti yitimi yaşadığı ve öz bakım güçlerinin orta düzeyde olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Bu sonuçlar hastaların yeti yitimini iyileştirmeye ve öz bakım becerilerini geliştirmeye yönelik girişimler planlanması açısından önemlidir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Hemşire, İçgörü, Öz bakım, Şizofreni, Yeti yitimi.INTRODUCTION AND AİM: Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder with positive-negative symptoms, adversely affecting insight, resulting in severe disability, thereby reducing the daily life and self-care abilities of patients. In our study, it was aimed to evaluate the relationship between positive negative symptoms, insight and disability in schizophrenia patients during remission period and the efficiency of self-care associated with these. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 patients, who were being monitored with schizophrenia diagnosis in designated Community Mental Health Centers between November 2017 and May 2018, were included in the study. Data were collected by using Interview Form, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Birchwood Insight Scale, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Chart (WHO-DAS 2), Self-Care Power Scales. The data were evaluated by independent T test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests. FINDINGS: In the study, a positive correlation was found between PANSS scale negative syndrome sub-dimension score and awareness of Birchwood Insight scale sub-dimension score. A positive correlation between the PANSS scale sub-dimensions and all sub-dimensions of WHO-DAS 2 scale was determined. The results exhibited a negative correlation between the PANSS scale sub-dimensions and the total score of the Self-Care Power Scale. A negative correlation was measured between the awareness of the symptoms and the Birchwood Insight Scale total score, and the Self-Care Power Scale mean scores. A negative correlation was detected between all sub-dimensions of the WHO-DAS 2 scale and the total score of the Self-Care Power Scale (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We can say that the patients who participate in our study have negative symptoms, experience impairments in all areas of life and the effectiveness of their self-care skills are moderate. These results are important in terms of planning interventions to improve the impaired daily functions and develop self-care skills. Key Words: Disability, Insight, Nurse, Self-care, Schizophreni

An Introduction to Superconducting Qubits and Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics

A subset of the concepts of circuit quantum electrodynamics are reviewed as a reference to the Axion Dark Matter Experiment (ADMX) community as part of the proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Microwave Cavities and Detectors for Axion Research. The classical Lagrangians and Hamiltonians for an LC circuit are discussed along with black box circuit quantization methods for a weakly anharmonic qubit coupled to a resonator or cavity

An Effective Index for Islanding Detection Based on Fast Discrete S-Transform

Passive methods of islanding detection have the advantage of not perturbing the system, but they suffer from large Non-Detection Zone (NDZ) and unpredictable detection time. In this paper, a new passive scheme for islanding detection, based on estimating a new index derived from summation of impedance values in all frequencies along the time at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC), is introduced using Fast Discrete S-Transform (FDST) method. The proposed method maintains both time and frequency information and as a result, helps to decrease the detection time. A frequency dependent model is proposed for characterizing the interconnection changes when islanding happens. The Cumulative Impedance Index (CII) is proposed to discriminate between islanding condition and normal operation. This technique is combined with under/over voltage protection method to decrease NDZ. Simulations for different conditions of normal and islanding operations verify the proposed algorithm. In all cases, islanding is detected within 0.01 s, and NDZ is decreased to 1% of power mismatch between local load and Distributed Generator (DG) output. The results demonstrate the capability of the method to islanding detection with minimum delay and least NDZ

Xerostomia : Views among health care professionals and the main concern among afflicted adults

The aims of the two studies were to survey and describe views of xerostomia among health care professionals and to explore, among afflicted adults; the main concerns associated with xerostomia and attempted remedies. Two empirical studies with qualitative design were conducted. In Paper I, 16 participants were interviewed representing health care professionals with various exposures to patients with xerostomia. The data were subjected to qualitative content analysis. In Paper II, qualitative, conversational style interviews were conducted with 15 participants with subjective complaints of dry mouth. The grounded theory method was applied for data analysis. In the findings (Paper I), the latent content was formulated into a theme: Xerostomia is a well-known problem yet, there is inadequate management of patients with xerostomia. The findings identified three major categories expressing the manifest content: awareness of xerostomia, indifferent attitude, and insufficient support. Health care professionals recognised xerostomia as a common and escalating problem, particularly among elderly. Yet, the problem received little attention. In Paper II, a model was generated to elucidate the main concerns of xerostomia among afflicted individuals and how they handle various aspects of their condition. The core category was labelled: an aggravating misery, meaning that xerostomia has a devastating and debilitating impact on multiple domains of well-being. The model involves three different categories/remedial strategies, namely professional consultation, search for affirmation, and social withdrawal. All three categories express what the participants do to resolve their problems with xerostomia. In general, the participants perceived xerostomia as a burden and as a condition they were constantly reminded of. The participants also expressed a feeling of resignation due to lack of confirmation and support. The findings underscore that xerostomia is not a trivial condition for those afflicted. Oral impairment as well as physical and psychosocial consequences of xerostomia had negative impact on the participants´ qualitative of life. Health care professionals felt that xerostomia was an underestimated problem and that clinical symptoms and subsequent treatment were often ignored. The findings revealed that xerostomia is not only a predicament of the oral cavity but affects the individual as a whole. This is of particular concern among elderly as the occurrence of xerostomia increases with advancing age due to chronic diseases and adverse medications. In summary, it is essential to adopt a holistic view, and to provide additional education and improved interdisciplinary collaboration to manage and care for individuals suffering from xerostomia