Necrosis aséptica de astrágalo: presentación de un caso en la infancia

Se presenta un caso de necrosis aséptica de astrágalo en la infancia de origen idiopático que, hasta donde sabemos, resulta único en la literatura mundial. Se trata de una niña con un síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay que debuta a la edad de 8 años con un cuadro de dolor e inflamación intermitente en tobillo derecho. Se realiza estudio mediante radiografías simples, RNM y gammagrafía con "Tc, llegando al diagnóstico de necrosis avascular de astrágalo. Se trata mediante descarga del miembro durante 3 meses, realizando la paciente vida normal con mínimas molestias a los 3 años del diagnósticoWe present one case of idiopathic avascular necrosis of the talus in a child.To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the literature. The patient is a girl diagnosed of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome of the ipsilateral limb. When she was 8 years old began with pain and swelling in the right ankle. Simple X-ray, isotopic bone scan and MRI were done, and she was diagnosed of avascular necrosis of the talar dome. The treatment was no weight bearing for three months. She has no sympthoms three years after diagnosis

Osteocondritis disecante de primera cuña en la infancia: presentación de 1 caso

Se presenta un caso de osteocondritis disecante de la primera cuña en la infancia, patología no descrita hasta el momento en la literatura mundial. Se trata de una niña de 11 años que se estudió por dolor de 1 año de evolución y tras llegar al diagnóstico se trató mediante artrodesis de la primera articulación escafocuneana, encontrándose la paciente asintomática tras 10 meses de seguimiento.We report a case of osteochondritis dissecans of the first cuneiform bone in a child. We have not found a similar case in world literature. She is an 11 years old girl with 1 year of pain in her foot. After the diagnosis was made, the treatment was an arthrodesis of the first naviculo-cuneiform joint. The patient is now asympthomatic after 10 months of follow-u

Fracturas de estrés en la infancia

Aportamos 13 casos de fracturas de estrés diagnosticadas en nuestro centro en los últimos 5 años ocurridas en niños entre 4 y 15 años de edad. Encontramos una mayor incidencia en el sexo masculino (9 de los 13 casos), así como un claro predominio de la localización en el tercio proximal de la diáfisis tibial (7 casos), hallazgos que concuerdan con los referidos en la literatura. Uno de los aspectos más interesantes de este tipo de fracturas es su similitud tanto clínica como radiológica con procesos de origen infeccioso y neoplásico, por lo que la realización de un correcto diagnóstico diferencial, apoyado en las radiografías simples, tomografías, gammagrafía, TAC y, más recientemente, RMN, resulta crucial.We present 13 cases of stress fractures in children, collected in our center during the last 5 years. The age of patients ranged from 4 to 15 years old. In agreement with literature, we found a greater incidence on males (9 of 13 cases), and a predominant location on the proximal shaft of the tibia (7 cases). One of the most interesting aspects of this type of fractures is their clinical and radiological similarity with infections and tumors. Therefore, it is essential to achieve a right diagnosis based on standard radiographs, tomography, radionuclide bone scan, CT-scan and, most recently, MRI

Velocity-space sensitivity of the time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at JET

The velocity-space sensitivities of fast-ion diagnostics are often described by so-called weight functions. Recently, we formulated weight functions showing the velocity-space sensitivity of the often dominant beam-target part of neutron energy spectra. These weight functions for neutron emission spectrometry (NES) are independent of the particular NES diagnostic. Here we apply these NES weight functions to the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR at JET. By taking the instrumental response function of TOFOR into account, we calculate time-of-flight NES weight functions that enable us to directly determine the velocity-space sensitivity of a given part of a measured time-of-flight spectrum from TOFOR

CD38 Defines a Subset of B Cells in Rainbow Trout Kidney With High IgM Secreting Capacities

Funding Information: This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC Consolidator Grant 2016 725061 TEMUBLYM) and by the Comunidad de Madrid (grant 2016-T1/BIO-1672).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Design and Testing of Advanced Liquid Metal Targets for DEMO Divertor: The OLMAT Project

In a future fusion reactor like DEMOnstration reactor (DEMO) one of the main concerns is the handling of the power exhaust from the plasma, especially at the divertor. The expected power loads cannot easily be handled by traditional armor solutions based on solid materials like tungsten, especially when the effect of intense neutron bombardment is also considered. Interest in armor concepts based on liquid metals has been subsequently on the rise, as they prove to be more resilient against high, fast power loads and neutron bombardment. However, engineering solutions for those concepts are very complex, and need to be tested. For this purpose, Optimization of Liquid Metal Advanced Targets project (OLMAT) has been envisaged. The project will use the Neutral Beam Injection of the TJ-II stellarator to irradiate liquid metal targets with power densities (neutrals plus occasionally ions) relevant to DEMO steady state operation, in the range of 20 MW/m2. OLMAT design will allow a series of experiments that other divertor simulator devices cannot easily perform: in-situ measurements of hydrogen retention, redeposition, vapor shielding, material fatigue, dust and precipitates effects, etc. Moreover, a high-power fiber laser will be used to simulate Edge Localized Modes in a small area, or to simulate the strike point power deposition profile

Tests on the prototype of the Optical Hinge for the Wide Angle Viewing System to ITER gamma radiation conditions

The Wide Angle Viewing System (WAVS) for ITER is a major diagnostic for machine protection, plasma control and physics analysis. The diagnostic will measure the surface temperature of the plasma facing components by infrared thermography being one of its main roles to protect them from damage. It will also image the plasma emission in the visible range. The full system is composed of 15 lines of sights located in four equatorial ports (3, 9, 12 and 17).As part of the ex-vessel optics, the first element of the optical chain is the Optical Hinge (OH). It is constituted by two folding mirrors which face the port plug exit optical beam. The mission of this component is to compensate the differential motion between the vacuum vessel and the building, during normal operation and baking. This function will be performed by means of a piezo actuator coupled to the OH upper mirror (and a set of reference switches) to drive the vertical displacement of the mirror in order to get the desired alignment position of the optical beam. The piezo actuator has been identified as the main critical item of the OH what has motivated the fabrication of an OH prototype (for one line of sight) aimed at performing a set of tests to validate the piezo actuator under operation conditions. The tests have consisted in the characterization of the piezo actuator behavior with the nominal load after being irradiated to 272.40 kGy of total accumulated gamma dose, which is the dose expected in ITER. Moreover, additional tests have been conducted to find out the influence of the cable length from the piezo actuator to the controller in the performance. A description of these tests and the results obtained will be presented in the paper.The work leading to this publication has been partially funded by Fusion for Energy under Specific Grant Agreement F4E-FPA 407(DG)-SG0

Optical design of ex-vessel components for the Wide Angle Viewing System diagnostic for ITER

The equatorial visible and infrared Wide Angle Viewing System (WAVS) for ITER is one of the key diagnostics for machine protection, plasma control and physics analysis. To achieve these objectives, the WAVS will monitor the surface temperature of the Plasma Facing Components by infrared (IR) thermography (3-5 mu m range) and will image the edge plasma emission in the visible range. It will be composed of 15 lines of sight installed in four equatorial ports (no. 3, 9, 12 and 17) and will survey more than 80% of the overall area of the vacuum vessel. This paper presents the optical design of the ex-vessel optics, which is at Preliminary Design Status by the time this paper is published. The main function of the ex-vessel optics is to relay the scene image, and also the pupil image, coming from the Port-Plug Optics into a dedicated set of detectors, while keeping the required performance. The optics will work in two bands simultaneously, visible and Mid IR, and will use common refractive optics all along the optical path until it splits into the dedicated sensors at the Port Cell Cabinet. The optical system consists of several modules that comply with the different system interfaces and environmental constraints. A full description of the different modules, its function and performance, and the end to end optics performance will be described in this paper. The optics alignment strategy will be also described and the corresponding assembly and manufacturing tolerances

Structural analysis of the Interspace Afocal Module of the Wide Angle Viewing System diagnostic for ITER

The Interspace Afocal Module (IAM) is one integral component of the ITER Visible/Infrared Wide Angle Viewing System (WAVS), which is an optical diagnostic aimed at monitoring the ITER plasma facing components for machine protection. The diagnostic comprises 15 lines of sight (LoS), strategically distributed in the ITER Equatorial Ports (EP) 3, 9, 12 and 17. Design of WAVS in EP12 is critical, since it has to be fully operational for the first plasma of ITER; it is at its Preliminary stage, carried out by the Consortium constituted by CEA, CIEMAT and Bertin Technologies, within the Framework Partnership Agreement financed by F4E. The WAVS in EP12 comprises three LoS that pass through the IAM, consisting in a refractive optical system that relays the pupil forward and controls the beam diameter. It includes two doublets of lenses for each LoS,made of Shappire and Calcium Fluoride, with diameters up to 128 mm. The afocal sets (up to 1.9 m in length) are tightly held in place by the support structure of the IAM, which is directly attached to the Interspace Support Structure (ISS). The IAM structural requirements are highly demanding, given the optical performance that has to be assured under thermal and inertial loads in normal operation, including seismic SL1. In addition, it also has to withstand loads in Category III and IV, including higher seismic events SMHV and SL2, or accidental loads such as the loss of coolant or fire events, since the IAM structure is classified as ITER Safety Relevant, due to its attachment to the ISS. The paper summarizes the structural analyses performed by CIEMAT to validate the mechanical behaviour of the IAM Preliminary design in EP12, to guarantee both the structural integrity and the optical performance, in accordance with the RCC-MR Code