76 research outputs found

    Vestibular damage in chronic ototoxicity: a mini-review

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    Ototoxicity is a major cause of the loss of hearing and balance in humans. Ototoxic compounds include pharmaceuticals such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, anti-malarial drugs, loop diuretics and chemotherapeutic platinum agents, and industrial chemicals including several solvents and nitriles. Human and rodent data indicate that the main target of toxicity is hair cells (HCs), which are the mechanosensory cells responsible for sensory transduction in both the auditory and the vestibular system. Nevertheless, the compounds may also affect the auditory and vestibular ganglion neurons. Exposure to ototoxic compounds has been found to cause HC apoptosis, HC necrosis, and damage to the afferent terminals, of differing severity depending on the ototoxicity model. One major pathway frequently involved in HC apoptosis is the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway activated by reactive oxygen species, but other apoptotic pathways can also play a role in ototoxicity. Moreover, little is known about the effects of chronic low-dose exposure. In rodent vestibular epithelia, extrusion of live HCs from the sensory epithelium may be the predominant form of cell demise during chronic ototoxicity. In addition, greater involvement of the afferent terminals may occur, particularly the calyx units contacting type I vestibular HCs. As glutamate is the neurotransmitter in this synapse, excitotoxic phenomena may participate in afferent and ganglion neuron damage. Better knowledge of the events that take place in chronic ototoxicity is of great interest, as it will increase understanding of the sensory loss associated with chronic exposure and ageing

    Laboratori d'habilitats: aprenentatge i avaluació dels continguts pràctics de Fisiologia Humana

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    Podeu consultar la Vuitena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/66524Un dels reptes en els ensenyaments amb docència pràctica és avaluar els coneixements i les habilitats que els estudiants adquireixen al laboratori. En aquest sentit, els estudiants de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, actualment Ciències Biomèdiques, durant els cursos 11-12 i 13-14 van participar en el laboratori d’habilitats de l’assignatura Fisiologia Humana I i II. El laboratori d’habilitats consisteix en un laboratori que disposa dels equips i materials que es fan servir a les pràctiques de l’assignatura i que està a lliure disposició dels estudiants en un horari concret. Un cop realitzades les pràctiques, els estudiants poden participar lliurement en el laboratori d’habilitats per consultar dubtes i practicar les habilitats que han adquirit durant el normal desenvolupament de les pràctiques i que seran objecte d’avaluació. L’avaluació es realitza en el mateix laboratori d’habilitats i consisteix en un examen escrit i oral sobre els continguts de pràctiques, a més d’una demostració de les habilitats adquirides. Les habilitats ponderen un 10% en l’avaluació continuada i són avaluades mitjançant una rúbrica que permet al professorat puntuar objectivament l’estudiant. Un cop realitzat l’examen pràctic els estudiants van ser enquestats per tal de conèixer la seva opinió respecte al “laboratori d’habilitats” i al nou sistema d’avaluació de la docència pràctica. La majoria d’estudiants creuen que el laboratori d’habilitats els ha fet treballar i comprendre millor els continguts de les pràctiques (obtenint una puntuació de 4.2 de mitjana dels dos cursos, sobre 5), prefereixen aquest mètode d’avaluació enfront al tradicional, basat en preguntes a l'examen teòric (4.6 sobre 5), els ha resultat interessant (4.4 sobre 5) i globalment l’experiència els ha resultat satisfactòria (4.5 sobre 5). Les puntuacions obtingudes en l’examen d’habilitats han estat de 8,5 sobre 10 (de mitjana en els darrers 2 cursos). Així, es pot concloure que aquesta metodologia docent, àmpliament acceptada pels estudiants, permet reforçar i avaluar les habilitats treballades al laboratori

    Allylnitrile metabolism by CYP2E1 and other CYPs leads to distinct lethal and vestibulotoxic effects in the mouse

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    This study addressed the hypothesis that the vestibular or lethal toxicities of allylnitrile depend on CYP2E1-mediated bioactivation. Wild-type (129S1) and CYP2E1-null male mice were exposed to allylnitrile at doses of 0, 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0 mmol/kg (po), following exposure to drinking water with 0 or 1% acetone, which induces CYP2E1 expression. Induction of CYP2E1 activity by acetone in 129S1 mice and lack of activity in null mice was confirmed in liver microsomes. Vestibular toxicity was assessed using a behavioral test battery and illustrated by scanning electron microscopy observation of the sensory epithelia. In parallel groups, concentrations of allylnitrile and cyanide were assessed in blood after exposure to 0.75 mmol/kg of allylnitrile. Following allylnitrile exposure, mortality was lower in CYP2E1-null than in 129S1 mice, and increased after acetone pretreatment only in 129S1 mice. This increase was associated with higher blood concentrations of cyanide. In contrast, no consistent differences were recorded in vestibular toxicity between 129S1 and CYP2E1-null mice, and between animals pretreated with acetone or not. Additional experiments evaluated the effect on the toxicity of 1.0 mmol/kg allylnitrile of the nonselective P450 inhibitor, 1-aminobenzotriazole, the CYP2E1-inhibitor, diallylsulfide, and the CYP2A5 inhibitor, methoxsalen. In 129S1 mice, aminobenzotriazole decreased both mortality and vestibular toxicity, whereas diallylsulfide decreased mortality only. In CYP2E1-null mice, aminobenzotriazole and methoxsalen, but not diallylsulfide, blocked allylnitrile-induced vestibular toxicity. We conclude that CYP2E1-mediated metabolism of allylnitrile leads to cyanide release and acute mortality, probably through α-carbon hydroxylation, and hypothesize that epoxidation of the β-γ double bond by CYP2A5 mediates vestibular toxicity

    Impacts of Use and Abuse of Nature in Catalonia with Proposals for Sustainable Management

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    This paper provides an overview of the last 40 years of use, and in many cases abuse, of the natural resources in Catalonia, a country that is representative of European countries in general, and especially those in the Mediterranean region. It analyses the use of natural resources made by mining, agriculture, livestock, logging, fishing, nature tourism, and energy production and consumption. This use results in an ecological footprint, i.e., the productive land and sea surface required to generate the consumed resources and absorb the resulting waste, which is about seven times the amount available, a very high number but very similar to other European countries. This overexploitation of natural resources has a huge impact on land and its different forms of cover, air, and water. For the last 25 years, forests and urban areas have each gained almost 3% more of the territory at the expense of agricultural land; those municipalities bordering the sea have increased their number of inhabitants and activity, and although they only occupy 6.7% of the total surface area, they account for 43.3% of the population; air quality has stabilized since the turn of the century, and there has been some improvement in the state of aquatic ecosystems, but still only 36% are in good condition, while the remainder have suffered morphological changes and different forms of nonpoint source pollution; meanwhile the biodiversity of flora and fauna remains still under threat. Environmental policies do not go far enough so there is a need for revision of the legislation related to environmental impact and the protection of natural areas, flora, and fauna. The promotion of environmental research must be accompanied by environmental education to foster a society which is Land 2021, 10, 144 3 of 53 more knowledgeable, has more control and influence over the decisions that deeply affect it. Indeed, nature conservation goes hand in hand with other social and economic challenges that require a more sustainable vision. Today’s problems with nature derive from the current economic model, which is environmentally unsustainable in that it does not take into account environmental impacts. Lastly, we propose a series of reasonable and feasible priority measures and actions related to each use made of the country’s natural resources, to the impacts they have had, and to their management, in the hope that these can contribute to improving the conservation and management of the environment and biodiversity and move towards sustainability.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Jardins per a la salut

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    Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia. Assignatura: Botànica farmacèutica. Curs: 2014-2015. Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són el recull de les fitxes botàniques de 128 espècies presents en el Jardí Ferran Soldevila de l’Edifici Històric de la UB. Els treballs han estat realitzats manera individual per part dels estudiants dels grups M-3 i T-1 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos de febrer a maig del curs 2014-15 com a resultat final del Projecte d’Innovació Docent «Jardins per a la salut: aprenentatge servei a Botànica farmacèutica» (codi 2014PID-UB/054). Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pels professors de l’assignatura. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica. També s’ha pretès motivar els estudiants a través del retorn de part del seu esforç a la societat a través d’una experiència d’Aprenentatge-Servei, deixant disponible finalment el treball dels estudiants per a poder ser consultable a través d’una Web pública amb la possibilitat de poder-ho fer in-situ en el propi jardí mitjançant codis QR amb un smartphone

    Measurement of the (eta c)(1S) production cross-section in proton-proton collisions via the decay (eta c)(1S) -> p(p)over-bar

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    The production of the ηc(1S)\eta_c (1S) state in proton-proton collisions is probed via its decay to the ppˉp \bar{p} final state with the LHCb detector, in the rapidity range 2.06.52.0 6.5 GeV/c. The cross-section for prompt production of ηc(1S)\eta_c (1S) mesons relative to the prompt J/ψJ/\psi cross-section is measured, for the first time, to be σηc(1S)/σJ/ψ=1.74±0.29±0.28±0.18B\sigma_{\eta_c (1S)}/\sigma_{J/\psi} = 1.74 \pm 0.29 \pm 0.28 \pm 0.18 _{B} at a centre-of-mass energy s=7\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.7 fb1^{-1}, and σηc(1S)/σJ/ψ=1.60±0.29±0.25±0.17B\sigma_{\eta_c (1S)}/\sigma_{J/\psi} = 1.60 \pm 0.29 \pm 0.25 \pm 0.17 _{B} at s=8\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV using 2.0 fb1^{-1}. The uncertainties quoted are, in order, statistical, systematic, and that on the ratio of branching fractions of the ηc(1S)\eta_c (1S) and J/ψJ/\psi decays to the ppˉp \bar{p} final state. In addition, the inclusive branching fraction of bb-hadron decays into ηc(1S)\eta_c (1S) mesons is measured, for the first time, to be B(bηcX)=(4.88±0.64±0.25±0.67B)×103B ( b \rightarrow \eta_c X ) = (4.88 \pm 0.64 \pm 0.25 \pm 0.67 _{B}) \times 10^{-3}, where the third uncertainty includes also the uncertainty on the J/ψJ/\psi inclusive branching fraction from bb-hadron decays. The difference between the J/ψJ/\psi and ηc(1S)\eta_c (1S) meson masses is determined to be 114.7±1.5±0.1114.7 \pm 1.5 \pm 0.1 MeV/c2^2.The production of the ηc(1S)\eta _c (1S) state in proton-proton collisions is probed via its decay to the ppp\overline{p} final state with the LHCb detector, in the rapidity range 2.06.5GeV/c2.0 6.5 \mathrm{{\,GeV/}{ c}} . The cross-section for prompt production of ηc(1S)\eta _c (1S) mesons relative to the prompt J/ψ{{ J}}/{\psi } cross-section is measured, for the first time, to be σηc(1S)/σJ/ψ=1.74±0.29±0.28±0.18B\sigma _{\eta _c (1S)}/\sigma _{{{{ J}}/{\psi }}} = 1.74\, \pm \,0.29\, \pm \, 0.28\, \pm \,0.18 _{{\mathcal{B}}} at a centre-of-mass energy s=7 TeV{\sqrt{s}} = 7 {~\mathrm{TeV}} using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.7 fb1^{-1} , and σηc(1S)/σJ/ψ=1.60±0.29±0.25±0.17B\sigma _{\eta _c (1S)}/\sigma _{{{{ J}}/{\psi }}} = 1.60 \pm 0.29 \pm 0.25 \pm 0.17 _{{\mathcal{B}}} at s=8 TeV{\sqrt{s}} = 8 {~\mathrm{TeV}} using 2.0 fb1^{-1} . The uncertainties quoted are, in order, statistical, systematic, and that on the ratio of branching fractions of the ηc(1S)\eta _c (1S) and J/ψ{{ J}}/{\psi } decays to the ppp\overline{p} final state. In addition, the inclusive branching fraction of b{b} -hadron decays into ηc(1S)\eta _c (1S) mesons is measured, for the first time, to be B(bηcX)=(4.88±0.64±0.29±0.67B)×103{\mathcal{B}}( b {\rightarrow } \eta _c X ) = (4.88\, \pm \,0.64\, \pm \,0.29\, \pm \, 0.67 _{{\mathcal{B}}}) \times 10^{-3} , where the third uncertainty includes also the uncertainty on the J/ψ{{ J}}/{\psi } inclusive branching fraction from b{b} -hadron decays. The difference between the J/ψ{{ J}}/{\psi } and ηc(1S)\eta _c (1S) meson masses is determined to be 114.7±1.5±0.1MeV ⁣/c2114.7 \pm 1.5 \pm 0.1 {\mathrm {\,MeV\!/}c^2} .The production of the ηc(1S)\eta_c (1S) state in proton-proton collisions is probed via its decay to the ppˉp \bar{p} final state with the LHCb detector, in the rapidity range 2.06.52.0 6.5 GeV/c. The cross-section for prompt production of ηc(1S)\eta_c (1S) mesons relative to the prompt J/ψJ/\psi cross-section is measured, for the first time, to be σηc(1S)/σJ/ψ=1.74±0.29±0.28±0.18B\sigma_{\eta_c (1S)}/\sigma_{J/\psi} = 1.74 \pm 0.29 \pm 0.28 \pm 0.18 _{B} at a centre-of-mass energy s=7\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.7 fb1^{-1}, and σηc(1S)/σJ/ψ=1.60±0.29±0.25±0.17B\sigma_{\eta_c (1S)}/\sigma_{J/\psi} = 1.60 \pm 0.29 \pm 0.25 \pm 0.17 _{B} at s=8\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV using 2.0 fb1^{-1}. The uncertainties quoted are, in order, statistical, systematic, and that on the ratio of branching fractions of the ηc(1S)\eta_c (1S) and J/ψJ/\psi decays to the ppˉp \bar{p} final state. In addition, the inclusive branching fraction of bb-hadron decays into ηc(1S)\eta_c (1S) mesons is measured, for the first time, to be B(bηcX)=(4.88±0.64±0.29±0.67B)×103B ( b \rightarrow \eta_c X ) = (4.88 \pm 0.64 \pm 0.29 \pm 0.67 _{B}) \times 10^{-3}, where the third uncertainty includes also the uncertainty on the J/ψJ/\psi inclusive branching fraction from bb-hadron decays. The difference between the J/ψJ/\psi and ηc(1S)\eta_c (1S) meson masses is determined to be 114.7±1.5±0.1114.7 \pm 1.5 \pm 0.1 MeV/c2^2

    Search for the lepton flavour violating decay tau(-) -> mu(-)mu(+)mu(-)

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    A search for the lepton flavour violating decay τμμ+μ\tau^-\rightarrow\mu^-\mu^+\mu^- is performed with the LHCb experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb1^{−1} of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 2.0 fb1^{−1} at 8 TeV. No evidence is found for a signal, and a limit is set at 90% confidence level on the branching fraction, B(τμμ+μ)<4.6×108\mathcal{B}(\tau^-\rightarrow\mu^-\mu^+\mu^-)<4.6\times10^{−8}.A search for the lepton flavour violating decay τ^{−} → μ^{−} μ+^{+} μ^{−} is performed with the LHCb experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb1^{−1} of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 2.0 fb1^{−1} at 8 TeV. No evidence is found for a signal, and a limit is set at 90% confidence level on the branching fraction, B(τμμ+μ)<4.6×108 \mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({\tau}^{-}\to {\mu}^{-}{\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}\right)<4.6\times {10}^{-8} .A search for the lepton flavour violating decay τμμ+μ\tau^-\to \mu^-\mu^+\mu^- is performed with the LHCb experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.0fb11.0\mathrm{\,fb}^{-1} of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV7\mathrm{\,Te\kern -0.1em V} and 2.0fb12.0\mathrm{\,fb}^{-1} at 8TeV8\mathrm{\,Te\kern -0.1em V}. No evidence is found for a signal, and a limit is set at 90%90\% confidence level on the branching fraction, B(τμμ+μ)<4.6×108\mathcal{B}(\tau^-\to \mu^-\mu^+\mu^-) < 4.6 \times 10^{-8}

    Search for CP violation using T-odd correlations in D-0 -&gt; K+K-pi(+)pi(-) decays

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    A search for CPCP violation using TT-odd correlations is performed using the four-body D0K+Kπ+πD^0 \to K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^- decay, selected from semileptonic BB decays. The data sample corresponds to integrated luminosities of 1.0fb11.0\,\text{fb}^{-1} and 2.0fb12.0\,\text{fb}^{-1} recorded at the centre-of-mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV, respectively. The CPCP-violating asymmetry aCPT-odda_{CP}^{T\text{-odd}} is measured to be (0.18±0.29(stat)±0.04(syst))%(0.18\pm 0.29\text{(stat)}\pm 0.04\text{(syst)})\%. Searches for CPCP violation in different regions of phase space of the four-body decay, and as a function of the D0D^0 decay time, are also presented. No significant deviation from the CPCP conservation hypothesis is found

    Measurement of CP asymmetry in B-s(0) -&gt; D-s(-/+) K--/+ decays

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    We report on measurements of the time-dependent CP violating observables in Bs0DsK±B^0_s\rightarrow D^{\mp}_s K^{\pm} decays using a dataset corresponding to 1.0 fb1^{-1} of pp collisions recorded with the LHCb detector. We find the CP violating observables Cf=0.53±0.25±0.04C_f=0.53\pm0.25\pm0.04, AfΔΓ=0.37±0.42±0.20A^{\Delta\Gamma}_f=0.37\pm0.42\pm0.20, AfˉΔΓ=0.20±0.41±0.20A^{\Delta\Gamma}_{\bar{f}}=0.20\pm0.41\pm0.20, Sf=1.09±0.33±0.08S_f=-1.09\pm0.33\pm0.08, Sfˉ=0.36±0.34±0.08S_{\bar{f}}=-0.36\pm0.34\pm0.08, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. We use these observables to make the first measurement of the CKM angle γ\gamma in Bs0DsK±B^0_s\rightarrow D^{\mp}_s K^{\pm} decays, finding γ\gamma = (11543+28_{-43}^{+28})^\circ modulo 180^\circ at 68% CL, where the error contains both statistical and systematic uncertainties.We report on measurements of the time-dependent CP violating observables in Bs0_{s}^{0}  → Ds_{s}^{∓} K±^{±} decays using a dataset corresponding to 1.0 fb1^{−1} of pp collisions recorded with the LHCb detector. We find the CP violating observables Cf_{f} = 0.53±0.25±0.04, AfΔΓ_{f}^{ΔΓ}  = 0.37 ± 0.42 ± 0.20, AfΔΓ=0.20±0.41±0.20 {A}_{\overline{f}}^{\varDelta \varGamma }=0.20\pm 0.41\pm 0.20 , Sf_{f} = −1.09±0.33±0.08, Sf=0.36±0.34±0.08 {S}_{\overline{f}}=-0.36\pm 0.34\pm 0.08 , where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Using these observables together with a recent measurement of the Bs0_{s}^{0} mixing phase −2βs_{s} leads to the first extraction of the CKM angle γ from Bs0_{s}^{0}  → Ds_{s}^{∓} K±^{±} decays, finding γ = (11543+28_{− 43}^{+ 28} )° modulo 180° at 68% CL, where the error contains both statistical and systematic uncertainties.We report on measurements of the time-dependent CP violating observables in Bs0DsK±B^0_s\rightarrow D^{\mp}_s K^{\pm} decays using a dataset corresponding to 1.0 fb1^{-1} of pp collisions recorded with the LHCb detector. We find the CP violating observables Cf=0.53±0.25±0.04C_f=0.53\pm0.25\pm0.04, AfΔΓ=0.37±0.42±0.20A^{\Delta\Gamma}_f=0.37\pm0.42\pm0.20, AfˉΔΓ=0.20±0.41±0.20A^{\Delta\Gamma}_{\bar{f}}=0.20\pm0.41\pm0.20, Sf=1.09±0.33±0.08S_f=-1.09\pm0.33\pm0.08, Sfˉ=0.36±0.34±0.08S_{\bar{f}}=-0.36\pm0.34\pm0.08, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Using these observables together with a recent measurement of the Bs0B^0_s mixing phase 2βs-2\beta_s leads to the first extraction of the CKM angle γ\gamma from Bs0DsK±B^0_s \rightarrow D^{\mp}_s K^{\pm} decays, finding γ\gamma = (11543+28_{-43}^{+28})^\circ modulo 180^\circ at 68% CL, where the error contains both statistical and systematic uncertainties

    A study of CP violation in B-+/- -&gt; DK +/- and B-+/- -&gt; D pi(+/-) decays with D -&gt; (KSK +/-)-K-0 pi(-/+) final states

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    A first study of CP violation in the decay modes B±[KS0K±π]Dh±B^\pm\to [K^0_{\rm S} K^\pm \pi^\mp]_D h^\pm and B±[KS0Kπ±]Dh±B^\pm\to [K^0_{\rm S} K^\mp \pi^\pm]_D h^\pm, where hh labels a KK or π\pi meson and DD labels a D0D^0 or D0\overline{D}^0 meson, is performed. The analysis uses the LHCb data set collected in pppp collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb1^{-1}. The analysis is sensitive to the CP-violating CKM phase γ\gamma through seven observables: one charge asymmetry in each of the four modes and three ratios of the charge-integrated yields. The results are consistent with measurements of γ\gamma using other decay modes
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