Caracterizacion del discurso terapeutico en fonoaudiologos academicos de sexo femenino y masculino

281 p.Existen diferentes conceptualizaciones del término comunicación, los recogeremos de forma sencilla y diremos que la comunicación es la transmisión de información y entendimiento. Sin embargo, dentro de ella encontramos un recurso muy utilizado y poco estudiado como lo es la pragmática. Por lo cual en dicha investigación se describe la pragmática propiamente tal y los aspectos discursivos que caracterizan a los fonoaudiologos de la Universidad de Talca, en el proceso de levantamiento de información y se establece si existe una variación entre el sexo femenino y el sexo masculino al emplear dichos recursos

Distance Traveled and Frequency of Interstate Opioid Dispensing in Opioid Shoppers and Nonshoppers

AbstractLittle is known about how far opioid shoppers travel or how often they cross state lines to fill their opioid prescriptions. This retrospective cohort study evaluated these measures for opioid shoppers and nonshoppers using a large U.S. prescription database. Patients with ≥3 opioid dispensings were followed for 18 months. A subject was considered a shopper when he or she filled overlapping opioid prescriptions written by >1 prescriber at ≥3 pharmacies. A heavy shopper had ≥5 shopping episodes. Outcomes assessed were distance traveled among pharmacies and number of states visited to fill opioid prescriptions. A total of 10,910,451 subjects were included; .7% developed any shopping behavior and their prescriptions accounted for 8.6% of all opioid dispensings. Shoppers and heavy shoppers were younger than the nonshoppers. Shoppers traveled a median of 83.8 miles, heavy shoppers 199.5 miles, and nonshoppers 0 miles. Almost 20% of shoppers or heavy shoppers, but only 4% of nonshoppers, visited >1 state. Shoppers traveled greater distances and more often crossed state borders to fill opioid prescriptions than nonshoppers, and their dispensings accounted for a disproportionate number of opioid dispensings. Sharing of data among prescription-monitoring programs will likely strengthen those programs and may decrease shopping behavior.PerspectiveThis study shows that opioid shoppers travel greater distances and more often cross state borders to fill opioid prescriptions than nonshoppers, and their dispensings accounted for a disproportionate number of opioid dispensings. The findings support the need for data sharing among prescription-monitoring programs to deter opioid shopping behavior

Extraction of ferulic acid and feruloylated arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides from wheat bran using pressurized hot water

Producción CientíficaPressurized water was tested as solvent for the hydrolysis and extraction of Ferulic acid (FA) and feruloylated arabinoxylooligosaccharides (F-AXOS) from destarched wheat bran (DWB). Results were dependent on the severity factor of the process (combination of temperature and time), obtaining the maximum extraction yields at 200°C and 3.5 min. 78% of the total FA was successfully extracted, being 17% in its free form and the rest, covalent ester-bounded to arabinoxylans. Under such conditions, 80% of the arabinoxylans are extracted with a degree of FA esterification of 1.34 g FA/100 g AXOS, and an average molecular weight of 1,3·104 Da. Pressurized Microwave Assisted Extraction was also studied to evaluate potential intensification of the process using microwaves. However, no significant differences were observed with the microwave heating. Residual solid after extraction was mainly composed by lignin and cellulose (56% and 21%, respectively) showing that hot compressed water technology can be integrated in the first steps of a biorefinery for the total valorization of the wheat bran.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (project CTQ2015-64892-R

Risk Factors for Interstitial Cystitis in the General Population and in Individuals With Depression

Purpose To identify risk factors for interstitial cystitis (IC), a chronic bladder disorder that may have a significant detrimental impact on quality of life, in the general population and in individuals with depression. Methods This was a comparative study using a US claims database. Adults who had records of a visit to the health system in 2010 or later were included. The outcome was the development of IC within 2 years after the index date. The index date for the general population was the first outpatient visit, and for individuals with depression, it was the date of the diagnosis of depression. IC was defined using the concepts of ulcerative and IC. We included all medical conditions present any time prior to the index visit as potential risk factors. Results The incidence of IC was higher in individuals with depression than in the general population. Of the 3,973,000 subjects from the general population, 2,293 (0.06%) developed IC within 2 years. Of the 249,200 individuals with depression, 320 (0.13%) developed IC. The characteristics of the individuals who developed IC were similar in both populations. Those who developed IC were slightly older, more likely to be women, and had more chronic pain conditions, malaise, and inflammatory disorders than patients without IC. In the general population, subjects who developed IC were more likely to have mood disorders, anxiety, and hypothyroidism. Conclusions The incidence of IC was higher in individuals with depression. Subjects who developed IC had more chronic pain conditions, depression, malaise, and inflammatory disorders

Dose patterns in commercially insured subjects chronically exposed to opioids: a large cohort study in the United States

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Little data exist on how opioid doses vary with the length of exposure among chronic opioid users.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To characterize the change in the dosage of opioids over time, a retrospective cohort study using the PharMetrics database for the years 1999 through 2008 was conducted. Individuals exposed to opioids in 2000 who had 2 opioid dispensings at least 6 months apart and were opioid naive (did not receive any opioid 6 month before their exposure in 2000) were included. The date of the first dispensing in 2000 was defined as the index date and the dispensing had to be for a strong and full agonist opioid. All opioid doses were converted to oral morphine equivalent doses. Exposure was classified as continuous or intermittent. Mean, median, interquartile range, and 95^thpercentile of opioid dose over 6-month periods, as well as the percentage of subjects who ever received a high or very high opioid dose, were calculated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among the 48,986 subjects, the mean age was 44.5 years and 54.5% were women. Intermittent exposure was observed in 99% of subjects; continuous exposure was observed in 1% of subjects. The mean duration of exposure for the subjects who were continuously exposed to opioids was 477 days. In subjects with no cancer diagnosis who were continuously exposed to opioids, the mean, 25^th, 50^th, and 75^thpercentile of dose was stable during the first 2 years of use, but the 95^thpercentile increased. Seven percent of them were exposed to doses of 180 mg or more of morphine at some point.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Dose escalation is uncommon in subjects with intermittent exposure to opioids. For subjects with continuous exposure to opioids who have cancer, doses rise substantially with time. For those without cancer, doses remain relatively stable for the first 2 years of use, but subsequently increase. Seven percent of subjects with no cancer diagnosis will be exposed to daily doses of 180 mg or more of morphine equivalent at some point.</p

Los delitos en la Deep Web y sus efectos sobre las Cibervíctimas frente a la legislación ecuatoriana

El internet desde su creación se ha vuelto una fuente de información extensa para la sociedad, por lo que desde un inicio se ha necesitado de navegadores, los mismos que buscan dentro de los servidores de la Web, lo que sea que cibernauta este buscando, el problema empieza con la limitación de estos navegadores, limitados a obtener solo información indexada, la misma que es solo una pequeña parte de toda la gran fuente que posee internet. El objetivo general de este trabajo empezó por analizar los delitos que se podrían llevar a cabo mediante el uso de información existente en la Deep web y sus efectos sobre las ciber víctimas. Estos objetivos se lograron mediante la investigación realizada por un método bibliográfico que busco obtener información sobre referente al tema, y luego uso un método analítico – sintético analizando y compactando lo obtenido en cada fuente. Las técnicas usadas en el desarrollo de este trabajo son primeramente la entrevista, practicada a dos profesionales del derecho, y por último una encuesta que ayudo a determinar el conocimiento referente al Tema

CONSUMO DE FOLATOS DE MUJERES EN EDAD FÉRTIL DE APODACA, N.L., MÉXICO

En el Estado de Nuevo León la prevalencia de defectos del tubo neural (DTN) es alta comparada con el resto del país. Los DTN se relacionan con una baja ingesta de ácido fólico en mujeres durante el período periconcepcional y con alteraciones genéticas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el consumo de folatos de las mujeres en edad fértil de una comunidad de área metropolitana de Nuevo León utilizando una encuesta dietética que evalúe la ingesta habitual y otra que determine la ingesta diaria. Se diseñó un cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria (CFA) con alimentos con alto contenido de ácido fólico y que son de consumo frecuente en la región. A través de visitas domiciliarias se aplicó el CFA a 150 mujeres entre 15 y 35 años de edad de Pueblo Nuevo, Apodaca; simultáneamente se aplicó una serie de tres recordatorios de 24 horas. Los datos obtenidos fueron introducidos en el paquete nutricional computacional SISDyA para obtener los valores de consumo diario de ácido fólico que fueron analizados estadísticamente. Los valores de consumo diario de folatos (mcg diarios) obtenidos con el CFA fueron expresados en valores promedio y con mediana (percentiles 25 y 75) fueron de 378 (238, 599) y representan la ingesta habitual de la muestra estudiada. Con el recordatorio de 24 horas el valor promedio fue de 254 conmediana de 209 y percentiles de 99 y 350 que representan la ingesta diaria. Dadas las diferencias en valores de ingestas encontrados según las encuestas utilizadas, cabe destacar la importancia de señalar la metodología dietética empleada en los estudios epidemiológicos para que sean de utilidad en la orientación adecuada de las políticas de salud.Palabras clave: Consumo de folatos, encuesta dietética, defectos del tubo neural.     Folates intake, dietetic survey, neural tube defect

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología