Digital Implementation of SISC Fuzzy Controllers

A classification of inference systems based on approximate reasoning techniques is proposed. An alternative realization method is described for the particular SISC case, which enables reducing the silicon area and increasing the operation speed, making it especially appropriate for real time control applications

Hexavalents in spermatocytes of Robertsonian heterozygotes between Mus m. domesticus 2n 26 from the Vulcano and Lipari Islands (Aeolian Archipelago, Italy)

The size and shape of the chromosomes, as well as the chromosomal domains that compose them, are determinants in the distribution and interaction between the bivalents within the nucleus of spermatocytes in prophase I of meiosis. Thus the nuclear architecture characteristic of the karyotype of a species can be modified by chromosomal changes such as Robertsonian (RB) chromosomes. In this study we analysed the meiotic prophase nuclear organization of the heterozygous spermatocytes from Mus musculus domesticus 2n=26, and the synaptic configuration of the hexavalent formed by the dependent Rb chromosomes Rbs 6.16, 16.10, 10.15, 15.17 and the telocentric chromosomes 6 and 17. Spreads of 88 pachytene spermatocytes from two males were studied and in all of them five metacentric bivalents, four telocentric bivalents, one hexavalent and the XY bivalent were observed. About 48% of the hexavalents formed a chain or a ring of synapsed chromosomes, the latter closed by synapsis between the short arms of telocentric chromosomes 6 and 17. About 52% of hexavalents formed an open chain of 10 synapsed chromosomal arms belonging to 6 chromosomes. In about half of the unsynapsed hexavalents one of the telocentric chromosome short arms appears associated with the X chromosome single axis, which was otherwise normally paired with the Y chromosome. The cluster of pericentromeric heterochromatin mostly determines the hexavalent’s nuclear configuration, dragging the centromeric regions and all the chromosomes towards the nuclear envelope similar to an association of five telocentric bivalents. These reiterated encounters between these chromosomes restrict the interactions with other chromosomal domains and might favour eventual rearrangements within the metacentric, telocentric or hexavalent chromosome subsets. The unsynapsed short arms of telocentric chromosomes frequently bound to the single axis of the X chromosome could further complicate the already complex segregation of hexavalent chromosomes

conocimiento y el método teológico

Estas páginas tienen la intención de proponer lo que parece esencial y en lo que todo teólogo ha de convenir sobre el conocimiento y el método teológicos. Son ideas conocidas, pero que tal vez no estén de más que sean recordadas; su influencia puede ser grande a la hora de precisar ulteriormente de lo que es la ciencia teológica. En esta línea, se abordará, en primer lugar, la línea fundamental de la teología católica; en segundo lugar, la teología en su acepción más amplia; en tercer lugar, la naturaleza misma del conocimiento teológico; y, en último lugar, unas líneas conclusivas acerca de cómo la noción esencial que ha presidido la elaboración de este artículo, y de las aclaraciones que dan a esta noción los principios de metodología expuestos, se deduce la descripción del método de la teología

Hardware/software codesign methodology for fuzzy controller implementation

This paper describes a HW/SW codesign methodology for the implementation of fuzzy controllers on a platform composed by a general-purpose microcontroller and specific processing elements implemented on FPGAs or ASICs. The different phases of the methodology, as well as the CAD tools used in each design stage, are presented, with emphasis on the fuzzy system development environment Xfuzzy. Also included is a practical application of the described methodology for the development of a fuzzy controller for a dosage system

Estrategias de Adaptación ante el cambio climático en la caficultura, en cinco comunidades del municipio de San Ramón, Matagalpa. I semestre de 2015

El estudio sobre Estrategias de adaptación ante el cambio climático en la caficultura fue realizado en cinco comunidades del municipio de San Ramón en el primer semestre del año 2015. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar las principales estrategias de adaptación que han adoptado los productores de café; tomando en cuenta los efectos del cambio climático sobre la caficultura y como ha afectado a la Soberanía y Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional de las familias campesinas. Para la recopilación de información se usaron dos técnicas de investigación, en primer lugar con la realización de grupos focales con productores de cada comunidad y posteriormente la aplicación de encuestas en los hogares. Los resultados más relevantes muestran como los caficultores que en su mayoría son pequeños productores, tuvieron problemas influenciados por el Cambio Climático; los principales efectos fueron la disminución de los rendimientos productivos y la proliferación de plagas y enfermedades como la roya (Hemileia vastatrix), la que causó muchos daños a las plantaciones provocando que muchos productores llegaran a perderlo todo y no pudieron recuperar sus cafetales. Esto provocó una inseguridad alimentaria para las familias campesinas, quienes poseen escasos recursos para sufragar sus necesidades. Las principales estrategias de adaptación que se están realizando en las comunidades son el cambio de variedades susceptibles a resistentes como el Catimor. La diversificación de las fincas, cultivos en asocio, sistemas agroforestales (SAF) y la reforestación; todas estas ayudaran a la generación de ingresos y alimentos para sustento de los hogares. Palabras clave: Estrategias, caficultura, cambio climático, adaptación, capital natural, seguridad alimentari

Design and implementation of a system to determine property tax through the processing and analysis of satellite images

One of the main objectives when implementing metaheuristics in engineering problems, is to solve complex situations and look for feasible solutions within a defined interval by the design dimensions. With the support of heuristic techniques such as neural networks, it was possible to find the sections that allow to obtain the characteristics of interest to carry out the study of the important regions of an image. The analysis and digital processing of images allows to smooth the file and to section the area of analysis in regions defined as rows and columns, results in a matrix of pixels, this way carrying out the measurement of the coordinates of the beginning and end of the region under analysis, taking it as a starting point for the creation of a frame of references to be examined. Once this requirement is completed, it is possible to return to the smoothed image with which the high edges of the image will be determined by means of the Gaussian function, thus finding the edges generated for the structures of interest

A Resource Extraction Model with Technology Adoption under Time Inconsistent Preferences

A two-stage non-standard optimal control problem with time inconsistent preferences is studied. In an infinite horizon setting, a time consistent (sophisticated) decision maker chooses the time of switching between two consecutive regimes. The second regime corresponds to the implementation of a new technology, and a cost must be paid at the switching time. Although the problem is formulated for a general discount function, special attention is devoted to models with nonconstant discounting and heterogeneous discounting. The problem is solved by transforming it into a problem in a finite horizon and free terminal time. The corresponding dynamic programming equations are presented, and conditions for the derivation of the switching time by decision makers with different degrees of sophistication are studied. A resource extraction model with technology adoption is solved in detail. Effects of the adoption of different discount functions are illustrated numerically