Stand development stages and recruitment patterns influence fine-scale spatial genetic structure in two Patagonian Nothofagus species

Key message: Nothofagus alpina (Poepp. et Endl.) Oerst. and Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) Oerst forests have strong fine-scale spatial genetic structures. The intensity of genetic structure patterns differed according to species, stand development stages, life stages, and spatial arrangement of regeneration groups. This data becomes useful for forest management as it provides an understanding of how populations evolve as well as of the consequences of disturbances and enables the establishment of sampling strategies. Context: The understanding of fine-scale spatial genetic structure in natural populations is useful for forest management. Although Nothofagus alpina (Poepp. et Endl.) Oerst. and N. obliqua (Mirb.) are important species of the Patagonian forest, little is known about the genetic structure of their populations. Aims: The main objectives were to investigate the differences in fine-scale spatial genetic structure among mature tree populations of both species considering two stands at different development stages. Genetic structure was also evaluated among life stages and spatial distribution groups of regeneration within the old-growth stand. Methods: Genetic structure was examined by microsatellite DNA analysis of regeneration and mature tree populations of both species (around 1300 individuals). Gene dispersal distance was additionally estimated. Results: In both stands and species, strong fine-scale spatial genetic structure and short dispersal distance were found. This pattern was stronger in the early successional forest, in N. obliqua populations, in earlier life stages, and in scattered regeneration. Conclusion: Stand development stages and recruitment patterns influence the fine-scale spatial genetic structure of both Nothofagus species. However, the genetic structure also differs between species.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Sola, Georgina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: Sola, Georgina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; ArgentinaFil: Marchelli, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Grupo de Ecologia Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Marchelli, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Area Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Chauchard, Luis. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: El Mujtar, Veronica Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: El Mujtar, Veronica Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentin

Mixed Nothofagus forest management: a crucial link between regeneration, site and microsite conditions

Canopy openings due to harvesting practices constitute a disturbance that changes the environmental conditions of microsites. Its impact on the relative performance of the regeneration of different tree species could also be affected by site conditions and forest structure.The objective of this study was to determine how regeneration establishment of Nothofagus mixed forests is influenced by shelterwood silvicultural system. We focused on Lanín National Reserve (Neuquén, Argentina) where this silvicultural system has been applied since the late 1980s. The microsite scale analysis (one managed forest) showed that canopy cover was a key factor conditioning Nothofagus regeneration establishment, with older and larger individuals growing in less exposed microsites. Low understory dominance and leaf litter thickness were also associated with microsites with regeneration, while successful establishment (saplings taller than 2 m) showed positive correlation with soil moisture. Variations of these patterns were observed among species reflecting their specific ecophysiological requirements. On a stand scale (two managed forests along Lacar watershed) regeneration of N. dombeyi and N. alpina showed significant correlation with site and specific basal area, while N. obliqua was correlated with total basal area. Regeneration taller than 2 m was mainly correlated with site and altitude. At both, microsite and stand scale, the relative abundance of species changed between mature trees and regeneration. In particular, for N. alpina, an abundance decrease was observed on regeneration. Our results suggest that forest management systems should diversify silvicultural practices throughout the forest landscape, to provide at each site the micro-environmental conditions required by each species in order to maintain biodiversity and forest functions.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Sola, Georgina Giselle. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Cátedra de Ordenación Forestal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. CCT-Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: El Mujtar, Veronica Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área Sistemas Forestales. Unidad de Genética Ecológica y Mejoramiento Forestal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Attis Beltran, Hernan. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Cátedra de Ordenación Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Chauchard, Luis Mario. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Cátedra de Ordenación Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área Sistemas Forestales. Unidad de Genética Ecológica y Mejoramiento Forestal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Assessment of Secondary Education Teachers in the City of Tetuán about ICT training developed by the Ministry of Education

Este artículo forma parte de una investigación doctoral que estudia la implantación e integración de las TIC en el sistema educativo de Marruecos. En este estudio pretendemos conocer la valoración del profesorado sobre la fase de implantación de las TIC, a nivel de infraestructura y formación, en los centros de Enseñanza Secundaria de la ciudad de Tetuán. Se emplearon métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos para la recogida y análisis de los datos, concluyendo que la percepción de los encuestados es que la implantación ha sido incompleta.This article is part of a doctoral research studying the implementation and integration of ICT in the educational system in Morocco. In this study we try to know the teacher evaluation of the ICT implementation phase, at the infrastructure and training level, in secondary schools at the city of Tetuán. Quantitative and qualitative methods for recollection and analysis of data were used, concluding that the perception of the respondents is that the implementation has been incomplete

Neue Aspekte in der Chemie von Übergangsmetallpolysulfidkomplexen: Synthese und Kristallstrukturen von Cp′3Nb3S12 und Cp′3Nb3S10O (Cp′ = t-BuC5H4)

Thermolysis of a mixture of Cp′4Nb2Sn (Cp′ = t-BuC5H4; n = 8, 9) results in the formation of the new niobium polysulfide complexes: Cp′3Nb3S12 (2), Cp′3Nb3S10O (3), Cp′3Nb3S10O (4) and Cp′4Nb4S13 (5). The structures of 2 and 3 have been established by X-ray diffraction studies. The complexes are characterized by an unusual variety of different sulfur ligands (up to five in 2), which is responsible for the absence of any metal-metal interaction

Understanding violence against women irregular migrants who arrive in Spain in small boats

African irregular migrants risk their lives crossing the Mediterranean Sea in small boats hoping to reach Europe. Women irregular migrants (WIMs) are an especially vulnerable group that suffer from violence and sexual aggression, but little is known about their actual experiences. The objective of our study is to describe and understand the violence against WIMs who arrive in Spain in small boats. A qualitative study based on Gadamer’s phenomenology was used. The data collection included twenty-six in-depth interviews with WIMs. Three main themes arose: “Poverty and discrimination push WIMs into migrating”; “WIMs as a paradigm of extreme vulnerability”, and “WIMs in small boats should raise the alarm”. WIMs who arrive to Europe in small boats have a history of violence, rape, prostitution, forced pregnancy, and human trafficking. Emergency care must include gynecological examinations and must make detecting sexual violence and human trafficking of WIMs part of their care protocols

Efecto del manejo silvícola en la dinámica de la regeneración de Nothofagus alpina, N. obliqua y N. dombeyi bajo diferentes condiciones ambientales

La regeneración de los bosques es la base de la renovación y la continuidad de las especies, lo que la convierte en uno de los procesos más importantes en el ciclo de vida de los árboles (Norden 2014). En la dinámica natural, los patrones de regeneración resultan de interacciones entre-especies, moduladas por gradientes ambientales, y el régimen de perturbaciones (Gholami et al. 2018). En bosques mixtos bajo manejo silvícola, la formación de claros produce cambios en los recursos y reguladores ambientales influyendo en la regeneración de las especies y en la estructura del ecosistema forestal (Dezzotti et al. 2003, Sola et al. 2015).EEA BarilocheFil: Mateo, C. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mateo, C. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Asentamiento Universitario de San Martín de los Andes; ArgentinaFil: El Mujtar, Veronica Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Unidad de Genética Ecológica y Mejoramiento Forestal; ArgentinaFil: El Mujtar, Veronica Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Dezzotti, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Asentamiento Universitario San Martín de los Andes; Argentina.Fil: Marchelli, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Unidad de Genética Ecológica y Mejoramiento Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Marchelli, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: González Peñalba, Marcelo. Administración de Parques Nacionales. Parque Nacional Lanín. Departamento de Conservación y Manejo; Argentina.Fil: Lara, M. Administración de Parques Nacionales. Parque Nacional Lanín. Departamento de Conservación y Manejo; Argentina.Fil: Sbrancia, R. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Asentamiento Universitario San Martín de los Andes; Argentina.Fil: Attis Beltrán, Hernán. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Asentamiento Universitario San Martín de los Andes; Argentina.Fil: Sola, J. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora; ArgentinaFil: Sola, Georgina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Asentamiento Universitario San Martín de los Andes; Argentina

LIPIDNA PEROKSIDACIJA KOD DIMLJENOG AFRIČKOG SOMA TRETIRANOG MARINADOM Moringa oleifera, SOLJU I BUTIL HIDROKSI ANISOLOM

Smoke-dried fish is vulnerable to lipid peroxidation, which can reduce product quality and pose health risks to consumers. The study examined the antioxidant potency of Moringa oleifera marinade on oxidative stabilityof smoke-dried catfish in comparison with salt and Butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA), a synthetic antioxidant. Seventy-two catfish (208±6 g) were processed, randomly assigned to six antioxidant treatment groups and hotsmoked. The treatments are the control (0%), 1%, 2% and 3% (w/v) Moringa oleifera marinade (MOM), 5% Brine (w/v) and 0.2% BHA (w/v). Thesmoke-dried fish were stored at room temperature (35±10C) for 8 weeks. Lipid peroxidation was monitored weekly using Thiobarbituric acid (TBA)assay. The results showed that Moringa oleifera marinade and BHA decreased lipid peroxidation more than (p0.05) difference was observedamong all Moringa treated samples and BHA. Moringa oleifera marinade could be used as an alternative to BHA in suppressing lipid peroxidation in smoke-dried African catfish stored for 8 weeks.Sušena dimljena riba izložena je lipidnoj peroksidaciji, što može smanjiti kvalitetu krajnjeg proizvoda, ali i ugroziti zdravlje potrošača. Ovim istraživanjem ispitanoje potencijalno antioksidantsko djelovanje marinade Moringa oleifera na stabilnost oksidacije kod dimljenog soma te je ono uspoređeno s djelovanjem soli i butil hidroksi anisola (BHA), sintetičkog antioksidanta.Obrađeno je 72 primjeraka soma (208 ± 6 g),a ravnomjerno su raspoređeni u 6 skupina tretiranih antioksidansima te izloženih vrućem dimu. Skupine s obzirom na vrstu tretmana i postotak izloženosti bile su sljedeće: kontrolna skupina (0%), 3 skupine somovatretiranih marinadom Moringa oleifera (MOM)(1%, 2% i 3%), somovi u rasolu (w/v) (5%) i somovi u butil hidroksi anisolu (w/v) (0,2%). Dimljena riba bila je pohranjena na sobnoj temperaturi (35 ± 10C)8 tjedana. Peroksidacija lipida tjedno je praćena pomoću ispitivanja tiobarbiturnom kiselinom (TBA). Rezultati su pokazali smanjenje lipidne peroksidacijekod skupina somova u marinadi Moringa oleifera i u butil hidroksi anisolu (p<0,05), za razliku od rezultata povećane lipidne peroksidacije kod somova iz kontrolne skupine (0,94 mg/MDA/kg) i onih tretiranih solju (0,92 mg/MDA/kg). Dakle, reaktivne promjene prilikom ispitivanja tiobarbiturnom kiselinom (TBARS)su kod pojedinih skupina somova bile manje: uzorci tretirani 1% marinadom Moringa oleifera (0,44 mg/MDA/kg), uzorci tretirani 2% i 3% istom marinadom (0,88 mg/MDA/kg; 0,85 mg/MDA/kg) i uzorci tretirani BHA-om (0,80 mg/MDA/kg). Tijekom izloženosti riba prije navedenim uvjetima, praćen je proces kvarenjariba uzrokovan oksidacijom. Prirast je bio intenzivniji u kontrolnoj i skupini riba tretiranih solju (p<0,05). Nema značajne razlike kod skupina riba tretiranih marinadomMoringa oleifera i onih tretiranih butil hidroksi anisolom. Marinada Moringa oleifera mogla bi se u osmotjednom periodu izloženosti dimljenog afričkog soma koristiti kao alternativa za BHA u suzbijanju lipidneperoksidacije

A record-linkage study of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in persons with hepatitis C infection in Scotland

We investigated trends in first time hospital admissions and deaths attributable to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a large population based cohort of 22 073 individuals diagnosed with hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection through laboratory testing in Scotland in 1991 2006. We identified new cases of HCC through record linkage to the national inpatient hospital discharge database and deaths registry. A total of 172 persons diagnosed with HCV were admitted to hospital or died with first time mention of HCC. Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence increased between 1996 and 2006 (average annual change of 6.1, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.9 11.6%, P¼0.021). The adjusted relative risk of HCC was greater for males (hazard ratio¼2.7, 95% CI: 1.7 4.2), for those aged 60 years or older (hazard ratio ¼2.7, 95% CI: 1.9 4.1) compared with 50 59 years, and for those with a previous alcohol related hospital admission (hazard ratio¼2.5, 95% CI: 1.7 3.7). The risk of individuals diagnosed with HCV developing HCC was greatlyincreased compared with the general Scottish population (standardised incidence ratio¼127, 95% CI: 102 156). Owing to the advancing age of the Scottish HCV diagnosed population, the annual number of HCC cases is projected to increase, with a consequent increasing burden on the public healthcare system

Experience of Primary Care Nurses of Sexuality Care for Persons with Disabilities: A Qualitative Study

(1) Background: Disability is a dynamic interaction between a person’s health conditions and personal and environmental factors. Disability is an evolving concept, which can be improved by intervening in the barriers that prevent disabled people from functioning in their daily life and enjoying a satisfactory sexual life. Sexuality is an important dimension of life that affects people’s well-being. The aim was to describe and understand the experiences of primary care nurses regarding care for the sexuality of persons with disabilities. (2) Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was designed. Twenty-one in-depth interviews were conducted with nurses. A thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. (3) Results: three main themes emerged: (1) Initial assessment of the patient: competencies for a nurse-patient therapeutic relationship; (2) A comprehensive approach to nursing care for persons with disabilities: the importance of sexuality; and (3) Sex counselling in nursing consultations. (4) Conclusions: Nurses have the skills to develop a good therapeutic relationship with patients. Planning of nursing interventions is required in order to promote individual coping, emotional support, and sex education. Sex counselling is essential to promote autonomy, with the figure of the sex therapist emerging for this purpose