Effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria and inoculation media in the yield on cooksfoot yield

Objetives: To determine the effect of three PGPB bacteria (Ewingella americana, Bacillus simplex y Microbacterium ginsengiterrae) and three inoculant methods (digestate, compost and cornstarch) on yield, plant height, leaf temperature, tiller density and morphological composition of cooksfoot. Desing/methodology/approach: A completely randomized design was used, with a factorial arrangement 4*3, the experimental units being a pot with five stems. Results: The dry matter did not register difference between treatments with bacteria (P>0.05), but with respect to the control the values increased up to 50%. Compost and digestate media outperformed cornstarch by 22%. The inoculation media had an effect (P<0.05) on the yield and leaf, while the bacteria promoted the formation of new tillers, the yield and reduced the leaf temperature. Findings/conclusions: Compost and digestate as inoculation media can notably favor the beneficial effect of M. ginsengiterrae, which was the one that registered the best yieldsObjective: To determine the effect of three PGPB bacteria (Ewingella americana, Bacillus simplex and Microbacterium ginsengiterrae) and three inoculation media (digestate, compost and cornstarch) on plant height, leaf temperature, stalkdensity, morphological composition, and dry matter yield of orchard grass.Design/Methodology/Approach: A completely randomized design was used, with a factorial arrangement 4X3, the experimental units being a pot with five initial stalks.Results: The dry matter did not show difference between treatments with bacteria (P>0.05), but the control the values increased up to 50%. Compost and digestate media outperformed cornstarch by 22%. The inoculation media had an effect(P?0.05) on the yield and leaf variables, while the bacteria promoted the formation of new stalks and the production of  biomass, and reduced the leaf temperature.Findings/Conclusions: Compost and digestate as inoculation media can notably favor the beneficial effect of M. ginsengiterrae, which was the one that registered the best yield

Perenial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) yield as a response to fitoregulators produced in digestates

Objective: Determine the effect on ballico perenne (Lolium perenne) in response to phytoregulators produced in digestates obtained from the anaerobic digestion of cow manure at different initial pH values. Design / methodology: Anaerobic digestions of cow manure were mounted at different initial pH values: 5, 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5 at 4, 8 and 20 days of digestion; gibberellic acid (AG3) and indole acetic acid (IAA) were quantified. These digestates were applied in pots: in plants of ballico with 6 months of established, applying all the digestates and in plants of ballico of 45 days of established with digestates at 4 days of digestion. The variables measured were height, fresh and dry matter and number of stems. Results: The initial pH of the digestion influenced the production of phytoregulators, being higher at pH 5.5 and 6.5; no IAA production was recorded at basic pH. The application of the digestates had a different effect according to the age of the pasture, this was greater in the leaf weight variable, in 6 months ballico plants the increase was between 21 and 24%; in 45 days ballico plants it was 48 to 115% higher compared to the control. Likewise, there were between 50 and 60% greater number of stems than in the control, applying digestate at 4 days of digestion. Limitations / implications: The study was carried out in ballico perenne, it would be interesting to evaluate it in other crops. Findings / Conclusions: The initial pH of the manure has a greater effect on the properties of the digestate than the digestion time. Digestates can be a good fertilizer for ballico perenne, its effect is better in young grasses. The digestate even with only 4 days of digestion has a positive effect on the development of ryegrass.Objective: To assess the effect on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as a response tophytoregulators produced in digestates obtained from the anaerobic digestion of cow manure, at different initial Ph.Design / methodology: Anaerobic cow manure digestions were set up at differentinitial 5, 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5 pH values and 4, 8 and 20 days of digestion, from these, gibberellic acid (AG 3 ) and indole acetic acid (IAA) were quantified. Thesedigestates were applied to ryegrass grown in containers: on 6 months pasturesapplying all the digestates and in 45 days pastures digestates at 4 days of digestion. The assessed variables were height, fresh and dry weight and number of. The control was developed on unfertilized soil. Results: The initial pH of the digestion influenced the production ofphytoregulators, being higher at pH 5.5 and 6.5; no IAA production was recorded atbasic pH. The application of the digestates had a different effect depending on thepastures age, was greater on the leaf weight variable. In 6 months pastures the increase was between 21 and 24%, in young pastures from 48 to 115% respect to the control. Likewise, there were between 50 and 60% greater number of stems than in the control, applying digestate at 4 days of digestion.Limitations / Implications: The study took place on ryegrass, it would be of interest in the area to evaluate it in other crops .Findings / Conclusions: The initial manure pH has a higher effect on the digestates properties the those of the time of digestion. Digestates can be a fertilizer for ryegrass, its effect is better in young grasses. The digestate even with 4 days of digestion has a positive effect on ryegrass development

Optimization of Enzymatic Biochemical Logic for Noise Reduction and Scalability: How Many Biocomputing Gates Can Be Interconnected in a Circuit?

We report an experimental evaluation of the "input-output surface" for a biochemical AND gate. The obtained data are modeled within the rate-equation approach, with the aim to map out the gate function and cast it in the language of logic variables appropriate for analysis of Boolean logic for scalability. In order to minimize "analog" noise, we consider a theoretical approach for determining an optimal set for the process parameters to minimize "analog" noise amplification for gate concatenation. We establish that under optimized conditions, presently studied biochemical gates can be concatenated for up to order 10 processing steps. Beyond that, new paradigms for avoiding noise build-up will have to be developed. We offer a general discussion of the ideas and possible future challenges for both experimental and theoretical research for advancing scalable biochemical computing

Lacto productos La Providencia S.A de C.V.

Colaboració

Productores Agropecuarios de Atenco S. de R.L. de M.I.

Colaboració

Hydrolysis of Ibuprofen Nitrile and Ibuprofen Amide and Deracemisation of Ibuprofen Using Nocardia corallina B-276

molecule

Rendimiento de forraje de pasto ovillo inoculado con bacterias PGPB

Las bacterias PGPB tienen efectos benéficos en el rendimiento de los cultivos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de cinco bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal sobre el rendimiento, altura de planta, unidades SPAD y contenido de proteína de pasto ovillo defoliado cada cinco semanas en primavera y verano, bajo condiciones de invernadero. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar, con arreglo factorial 5 x 2 x 2, siendo la unidad experimental una maceta con diez tallos, con cuatro repeticiones. Las bacterias evaluadas fueron: Ewingella americana (digestato), Ewingella americana (suelo), Pseudomonas clororaphis, Bacillus toyonensis y Microbacterium oxidans, comparados entre sí y con los controles positivo (triple 17) y negativo (suelo sin fertilización). Los valores altos de MS en primavera lo registraron E. americana (3.5 g MS maceta-1), mientras que en verano fue B. Toyonensis. Los valores de altura no registraron diferencias (p> 0.05) en ambas épocas, las unidades SPAD solo en el verano y E. americana registró los menores valores (1.8). El contenido de proteína evidenció que los testigos fueron inferiores a todos los tratamientos que fueron inoculados. Las bacterias estudiadas registraron efectos en todas las variables evaluadas y fueron superiores a la fertilización inorgánica y al suelo sin fertilizar.The PGPB bacteria have beneficial effects on crop yields. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of five plant growth promoting bacteria on yield, plant height, SPAD units and content of protein in cocksfood defoliated every five weeks inspring and summer, under greenhouse conditions. A completely random design was used, with factorial arrangement 5x2x2, being the experimental unit a pot with ten stems, with four repetitions. The bacteria evaluated were: Ewingella americana(digestate), Ewingella americana(Soil), Pseudomonas clororaphis, Bacillus toyonensisand Microbacterium oxidans; compared with each other, and with the positive (triple 17) and negative (soil without fertilization) controls. The highest values of dry matter yield in spring were recorded by E. americana(3.5 g DM pot), while in summer it was B. Toyonensis. The height values did not register differences (p>0.05) in both epochs, the SPAD units only in the summer and E. americana registered the lowest values (1.8). The protein content evidenced that the controls were inferior to all the treatments that were inoculated.The evaluated bacteria recorded effects on all evaluated variables and were superior to inorganic fertilization and unfertilized soil

Effect of the initial pH on the anaerobic digestion process of dairy cattle manure

Abstract Anaerobic digestion (AD) has recently been studied to obtain products of greater interest than biogas, such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and phytoregulators. The effect of the initial pH of cow manure and the fermentation time of the AD on the microbial composition, VFAs, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) production was evaluated. The cow manure (7% solids) was adjusted to initial pH values of 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5, and the AD products were analyzed every four days until day 20. The initial pH and the fermentation time had an important effect on the production of metabolites. During AD, only the hydrolytic and acidogenic stages were identified, and the bacteria found were from the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Spirochaetes. The most abundant genera produced in the four AD were Caproiciproducens, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Romboutsia, Paeniclostridium, Turicibacter, Peptostreptococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae and Fonticella. The highest amount of VFAs was obtained at pH 8.5, and the production of the acids was butyric > acetic > propionic. The maximum production of GA3 and IAA was at an initial pH of 6.5 on day 20 and a pH of 5.5 on day 4, respectively. There was a strong correlation (> 0.8) between the most abundant microorganisms and the production of VFAs and GA3. The anaerobic digestion of cow manure is a good alternative for the production of VFAs, GA3 and IAA