Combined analysis of the decays τ−→KSπ−ντ\tau^-\to K_S\pi^-\nu_\tau and τ−→K−ηντ\tau^-\to K^-\eta\nu_\tau

In a combined study of the decay spectra of $\tau^-\to K_S\pi^-\nu_\tau$ and $\tau^-\to K^-\eta\nu_\tau$ decays within a dispersive representation of the required form factors, we illustrate how the $K^*(1410)$ resonance parameters, defined through the pole position in the complex plane, can be extracted with improved precision as compared to previous studies. While we obtain a substantial improvement in the mass, the uncertainty in the width is only slightly reduced, with the findings $M_{K^{*\prime}}=1304 \pm 17\,$MeV and $\Gamma_{K^{*\prime}} = 171 \pm 62\,$MeV. Further constraints on the width could result from updated analyses of the $K\pi$ and/or $K\eta$ spectra using the full Belle-I data sample. Prospects for Belle-II are also discussed. As the $K^-\pi^0$ vector form factor enters the description of the decay $\tau^-\to K^-\eta\nu_\tau$, we are in a position to investigate isospin violations in its parameters like the form factor slopes. In this respect also making available the spectrum of the transition $\tau^-\to K^-\pi^0\nu_\tau$ would be extremely useful, as it would allow to study those isospin violations with much higher precision.Comment: 20 pages, 1figur

Jet energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma by stream instabilities

We study the evolution of the plasma instabilities induced by two jets of particles propagating in opposite directions and crossing a thermally equilibrated non-Abelian plasma. In order to simplify the analysis we assume that the two jets of partons can be described with uniform distribution functions in coordinate space and by Gaussian distribution functions in momentum space. We find that while crossing the quark-gluon plasma, the jets of particles excite unstable chromomagnetic and chromoelectric modes. These fields interact with the particles (or hard modes) of the plasma inducing the production of currents; thus, the energy lost by the jets is absorbed by both the gauge fields and the hard modes of the plasma. We compare the outcome of the numerical simulations with the analytical calculation performed assuming that the jets of particles can be described by a tsunami-like distribution function. We find qualitative and semi-quantitative agreement between the results obtained with the two methods.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

Optimized generation of spatial qudits by using a pure phase spatial light modulator

We present a method for preparing arbitrary pure states of spatial qudits, namely, D-dimensional (D > 2) quantum systems carrying information in the transverse momentum and position of single photons. For this purpose, a set of D slits with complex transmission are displayed on a spatial light modulator (SLM). In a recent work we have shown a method that requires a single phase-only SLM to control independently the complex coefficients which define the quantum state of dimension D. The amplitude information was codified by introducing phase gratings inside each slit and the phase value of the complex transmission was added to the phase gratings. After a spatial filtering process we obtained in the image plane the desired qudit state. Although this method has proven to be a good alternative to compact the previously reported architectures, it presents some features that could be improved. In this paper we present an alternative scheme to codify the required phase values that minimizes the effects of temporal phase fluctuations associated to the SLM where the codification is carried on. In this scheme the amplitudes are set by appropriate phase gratings addressed at the SLM while the relative phases are obtained by a lateral displacement of these phase gratings. We show that this method improves the quality of the prepared state and provides very high fidelities of preparation for any state. An additional advantage of this scheme is that a complete 2\pi modulation is obtained by shifting the grating by one period, and hence the encoding is not limited by the phase modulation range achieved by the SLM. Numerical simulations, that take into account the phase fluctuations, show high fidelities for thousands of qubit states covering the whole Bloch sphere surface. Similar analysis are performed for qudits with D = 3 and D = 7.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

A Qualitative Study of Providers\u27 Perception of Adherence of Women Living with HIV/AIDS in Puerto Rico

This study examines healthcare providers\u27 perceptions regarding experiences and factors that contribute to adherent and non-adherent behaviors to HIV treatment among women living with HIV infection in Puerto Rico and describes strategies implemented to improve adherence. Providers\u27 accounts revealed that women with HIV infection are living beyond their strengths attempting to reconcile the burden of the illness and keep adherent. Factors putting women beyond their strengths and influencing non-adherence behavior were: gender-related demands, fear of disclosure, and treatment complexity. Strategies to improve adherence included: ongoing assessment, education, collaborative work, support groups, networking, disguising pills, readiness, and seeking medications outside their towns. Provider-patient interactions are critical for women\u27s success and must assess all these factors in developing and providing health services

Superconductivity as a Bose-Einstein condensation?

Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in two dimensions (2D) (e.g., to describe the quasi-2D cuprates) is suggested as the possible mechanism widely believed to underlie superconductivity in general. A crucial role is played by nonzero center-of-mass momentum Cooper pairs (CPs) usually neglected in BCS theory. Also vital is the unique {\it linear} dispersion relation appropriate to weakly-coupled "bosonic" CPs moving in the Fermi sea--rather than in vacuum where the dispersion would be quadratic but only for very strong coupling, and for which BEC is known to be impossible in 2D.Comment: 6 pages included 3 figure

In Situ/Subcellular Localization of Arabinogalactan Protein Expression by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH)

The arabinogalactan proteins are highly glycosylated and ubiquitous in plants. They are involved in several aspects of plant development and reproduction; however, the mechanics behind their function remains for the most part unclear, as the carbohydrate moiety, covering the most part of the protein core, is poorly characterized at the individual protein level. Traditional immunolocalization using antibodies that recognize the glycosidic moiety of the protein cannot be used to elucidate individual proteins' distribution, function, or interactors. Indirect approaches are typically used to study these proteins, relying on reverse genetic analysis of null mutants or using a reporter fusion system. In the method presented here, we propose the use of RNA probes to assist in the localization of individual AGPs expression/mRNAs in tissues of Arabidopsis by fluorescent in situ hybridization, FISH. An extensive description of all aspects of this technique is provided, from RNA probe synthesis to the hybridization, trying to overcome the lack of specific antibodies for the protein core of AGPs