Genetic structure of the sea-bob shrimp (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri Heller, 1862; Decapoda, Penaeidae) along the Brazilian southeastern coast

The sea-bob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, is one of the most important economic marine resources along the entire Brazilian coast. Nevertheless, despite its economic importance, no studies have examined the population genetics of this species. In this paper, we used ten allozyme loci to study the pattern of genetic structuring in X. kroyeri along the southeastern Brazilian coast. Seven of the ten analyzed loci were polymorphic, yielding observed heterozygosity values higher than those reported for other penaeid shrimps. The population from São Paulo was significantly different from the other two populations (Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo), which, in turn, seem to form a single panmitic unit. Therefore, our results clearly indicate that conservation policies for this species should consider the São Paulo population as an independent stock from those of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo

Asexual reproduction and molecular systematics of the sea anemone Anthopleura krebsi (Actiniaria: Actiniidae)

In this paper we use allozyme analyses to demonstrate that individuals in Anthopleura krebsi aggregates are monoclonal. Additionally, sympatric samples of the red and the green colour-morphs of A. krebsi from Pernambuco, Brazil were genetically compared and no significant differences were observed between them (gene identity= 0.992), indicating that they do not belong to different biological species. All individuals within aggregates of the green colour-morph were found to be identical over the five polymorphic loci analysed. Such results would be extremely unlikely (P<10-11) if the individuals analysed had been generated through sexual reproduction, thus confirming the presence of asexual reproduction in this species.En el presente trabajo se utilizó análisis de aloenzimas para demostrar que los individuos en los agregados de la especie Anthopleura krebsi son monoclonales. Además, muestras simpátricas de las variedades roja y verde fueron comparadas genéticamente y ninguna diferencia significativa fue observada entre ellas (Identidad génica= 0.992), indicando que ellas no pertenecen a especies biológicamente distintas. Todos los individuos dentro de un agregado de la variedad roja resultaron ser idénticos para los cinco loci polimórficos analizados. Tal resultado sería extremadamente improbable (p<10-11) si los individuos analizados hubiesen sido generados a través de reproducción sexual, confirmando así la presencia de reproducción asexual en esta especie

Figure 1 in Revalidation of Leucetta floridana (Haeckel, 1872) (Porifera, Calcarea): a widespread species in the tropical western Atlantic

Figure 1. Sampling sites. Caribbean: 1 – Bocas del Toro (BDT), 2 – San Andrés Island (SAN), 3 – Urabá (URA); Brazil: 4 – Ceará (CEA), 5 – Rio Grande do Norte (RGN), 6 – Rocas Atoll (RAT), 7 – Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FNO), 8 – Abrolhos Archipelago (ABR); Pacific: 9 – Australia (GBR), 10 – New Caledonia (NCA).Published as part of <i>Valderrama, Diego, Rossi, André Linhares, Solé-Cava, Antonio Mateo, Rapp, Hans Tore & Klautau, Michelle, 2009, Revalidation of Leucetta floridana (Haeckel, 1872) (Porifera, Calcarea): a widespread species in the tropical western Atlantic, pp. 1-16 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (1)</i> on page 4, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00522.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10114780">http://zenodo.org/record/10114780</a&gt

Figure 4 in Revalidation of Leucetta floridana (Haeckel, 1872) (Porifera, Calcarea): a widespread species in the tropical western Atlantic

Figure 4. Leucetta cf. floridana from Brazil. A, live specimen (photo: F. Moraes); B, triactine I; C, triactine II and several triactines I; D, tetractine I; E, detail of the apical actine of tetractine I; F, sagittal tetractine I; G, tetractine II and several triactines I; H, detail of the apical actine of tetractine II. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B–H = 100 Mm.Published as part of <i>Valderrama, Diego, Rossi, André Linhares, Solé-Cava, Antonio Mateo, Rapp, Hans Tore & Klautau, Michelle, 2009, Revalidation of Leucetta floridana (Haeckel, 1872) (Porifera, Calcarea): a widespread species in the tropical western Atlantic, pp. 1-16 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (1)</i> on page 8, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00522.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10114780">http://zenodo.org/record/10114780</a&gt

Mitochondrial genome structure and composition in 70 fishes: a key resource for fisheries management in the South Atlantic

Abstract Background Phylogenetic gaps of public databases of reference sequences are a major obstacle for comparative genomics and management of marine resources, particularly in the Global South, where economically important fisheries and conservation flagship species often lack closely-related references. We applied target-enrichment to obtain complete mitochondrial genomes of marine ichthyofauna from the Brazilian coast selected based on economic significance, conservation status and lack of phylogenetically-close references. These included sardines (Dorosomatidae, Alosidae), mackerels (Scombridae) croakers (Sciaenidae), groupers (Epinephelidae) and snappers (Lutjanidae). Results Custom baits were designed to enrich mitochondrial DNA across a broad phylogenetic range of fishes. Sequencing generated approximately 100k reads per sample, which were assembled in a total of 70 complete mitochondrial genomes and include fifty-two new additions to GenBank, including five species with no previous mitochondrial data. Departures from the typical gene content and order occurred in only three taxa and mostly involved tRNA gene duplications. Start-codons for all genes, except Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI), were consistently ATG, whilst a wide range of stop-codons deviated from the prevailing TAA. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed assembly accuracy and revealed signs of cryptic diversification within the Mullus genus. Lineage delimitation methods using Sardinella aurita and S. brasiliensis mitochondrial genomes support a single Operational Taxonomic Unit. Conclusions Target enrichment was highly efficient, providing complete novel mitochondrial genomes with little sequencing effort. These sequences are deposited in public databases to enable subsequent studies in population genetics and adaptation of Latin American fish species and serve as a vital resource for conservation and management programs that rely on molecular data for species and genus-level identification