Studenckie Koło Naukowe Historyków FUW w Wilnie

329-33

Centroidal localization game

One important problem in a network is to locate an (invisible) moving entity by using distance-detectors placed at strategical locations. For instance, the metric dimension of a graph $G$ is the minimum number $k$ of detectors placed in some vertices $\{v_1,\cdots,v_k\}$ such that the vector $(d_1,\cdots,d_k)$ of the distances $d(v_i,r)$ between the detectors and the entity's location $r$ allows to uniquely determine $r \in V(G)$. In a more realistic setting, instead of getting the exact distance information, given devices placed in $\{v_1,\cdots,v_k\}$, we get only relative distances between the entity's location $r$ and the devices (for every $1\leq i,j\leq k$, it is provided whether $d(v_i,r) >$, $<$, or $=$ to $d(v_j,r)$). The centroidal dimension of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of devices required to locate the entity in this setting. We consider the natural generalization of the latter problem, where vertices may be probed sequentially until the moving entity is located. At every turn, a set $\{v_1,\cdots,v_k\}$ of vertices is probed and then the relative distances between the vertices $v_i$ and the current location $r$ of the entity are given. If not located, the moving entity may move along one edge. Let $\zeta^* (G)$ be the minimum $k$ such that the entity is eventually located, whatever it does, in the graph $G$. We prove that $\zeta^* (T)\leq 2$ for every tree $T$ and give an upper bound on $\zeta^*(G\square H)$ in cartesian product of graphs $G$ and $H$. Our main result is that $\zeta^* (G)\leq 3$ for any outerplanar graph $G$. We then prove that $\zeta^* (G)$ is bounded by the pathwidth of $G$ plus 1 and that the optimization problem of determining $\zeta^* (G)$ is NP-hard in general graphs. Finally, we show that approximating (up to any constant distance) the entity's location in the Euclidean plane requires at most two vertices per turn

Localization game on geometric and planar graphs

The main topic of this paper is motivated by a localization problem in cellular networks. Given a graph $G$ we want to localize a walking agent by checking his distance to as few vertices as possible. The model we introduce is based on a pursuit graph game that resembles the famous Cops and Robbers game. It can be considered as a game theoretic variant of the \emph{metric dimension} of a graph. We provide upper bounds on the related graph invariant $\zeta (G)$, defined as the least number of cops needed to localize the robber on a graph $G$, for several classes of graphs (trees, bipartite graphs, etc). Our main result is that, surprisingly, there exists planar graphs of treewidth $2$ and unbounded $\zeta (G)$. On a positive side, we prove that $\zeta (G)$ is bounded by the pathwidth of $G$. We then show that the algorithmic problem of determining $\zeta (G)$ is NP-hard in graphs with diameter at most $2$. Finally, we show that at most one cop can approximate (arbitrary close) the location of the robber in the Euclidean plane

Study on the state of knowledge of medical students about the glycemic index of popular food products in Poland. A survey study

Introduction: The glycemic index (GI) is a helpful indicator in composing a healthy diet, especially for people at risk of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. High GI products are quickly digested and absorbed in the human body. There is a sharp increase in postprandial glucose and insulin secretion, followed by a rapid decrease in blood glucose level, which results in increased glucagon secretion and increased appetite. A high GI diet may be one of the causes of insulin resistance and obesity.Aim: The aim of the study is to examine the state of knowledge of medical students studying in Poland about the glycemic index of popular food products.Material and Methods: An anonymous online survey was conducted. The answers of 140 medical students of polish medical universities were analyzed.Results: Despite the fact that 52.1% of respondents declared that they are interested in the subject of healthy eating, milk chocolate and honey were most often recognized as high GI by the respondents (respectively 90.6% and 84,1% of answers). However, these products are classified as low/medium GI products. A baguette with a very high GI obtained 70.3% of responses. Another product with a medium Gi, boiled potatoes, got  56.5% response.Conclusion: The knowledge of medical students about the glycemic index is not large, despite expressed interest in the subject of healthy eating

A survey of the state of dietary knowledge of students of the medical faculty of Polish Medical Universities

Introduction: Proper nutrition is an important element in pursuit of health. Appropriate selection of macro- and micro-ingredients allows to maintain the correct weight, avoid nutritional deficiencies and many health problems. Despite the fact that the topic of nutrition is primarily the concern of nutritionists, knowledge of nutrition is often helpful also for doctors.Aim is to examine the state of knowledge of medical students studying in Poland on the principles of healthy eating.Material and Methods: An anonymous online survey was conducted. The responses of 140 students of medicine from Polish medical universities were analyzed.  Results: Despite the fact that 52.1% of the respondents declared that they are interested in the topic of healthy eating, only 40.3% of the respondents correctly stated that buckwheat is a good source of magnesium in the diet. 72.7% of respondents wrongly thought that olive oil is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet. 78.1% of respondents correctly stated that canned food with a high salt content is a risk factor for stomach cancer. 52.5% of respondents believe that coffee increases the excretion of magnesium in the urine. The same number of respondents correctly considered green tea to be a source of substances similar to caffeine. 59.7% of respondents correctly stated that onions, leeks and cabbage should be avoided while following the diet recommended in irritable bowel syndrome.Conclusion: Despite the expressed interest in the subject of healthy eating by the majority of the surveyed students, the results of the study suggest that the dietetary knowledge of students of the medical faculty of Polish Medical Universities is not very good. In some questions, only about half of the respondents gave correct answers

Media a Polacy: Polskie media wobec ważnych wydarzeń politycznych i problemów społecznych

Praca recenzowana / peer-reviewed pape

NGS analysis of collagen type I genes in Polish patients with Osteogenesis imperfecta: a nationwide multicenter study

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder of the connective tissue. It presents with a wide spectrum of skeletal and extraskeletal features, and ranges in severity from mild to perinatal lethal. The disease is characterized by a heterogeneous genetic background, where approximately 85%–90% of cases have dominantly inherited heterozygous pathogenic variants located in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes. This paper presents the results of the first nationwide study, performed on a large cohort of 197 Polish OI patients. Variants were identified using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) custom gene panel and multiplex ligation probe amplification (MLPA) assay. The following OI types were observed: 1 (42%), 2 (3%), 3 (35%), and 4 (20%). Collagen type I pathogenic variants were reported in 108 families. Alterations were observed in α1 and α2 in 70% and 30% of cases, respectively. The presented paper reports 97 distinct causative variants and expands the OI database with 38 novel pathogenic changes. It also enabled the identification of the first glycine-to-tryptophan substitution in the COL1A1 gene and brought new insights into the clinical severity associated with variants localized in “lethal regions”. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the clinical and genetic aspects of OI

Prevalence, risk factors and treatment of arterial hypertension in dwellers of Boguszyce village

Wstęp Nadciśnienie tętnicze jest jednym z podstawowych czynników ryzyka chorób krążenia zwłaszcza wśród mieszkańców wsi. Celem obecnej pracy była ocena częstości występowania, czynników ryzyka oraz leczenia nadciśnienia tętniczego wśród mieszkańców wsi Boguszyce w powiecie oleśnickim na Dolnym Śląsku.Materiał i metody Badania przeprowadzono u dorosłych mieszkańców wsi Boguszyce. Badania przeprowadzali przeszkoleni studenci medycyny i lekarze, odwiedzający mieszkańców wsi w ich domach. Badanie obejmowało pomiar masy ciała, wzrostu oraz dwukrotny pomiar ciśnienia tętniczego metodą Korotkowa. Ponadto przeprowadzono badanie ankietowe, którego celem była ocena wiedzy na temat nadciśnienia tętniczego oraz współistniejących czynników ryzyka. Wyniki Badania antropometryczne i ankietowe przeprowadzono u 409 osób, czyli 50% dorosłych mieszkańców Boguszyc. U pozostałych mieszkańców nie wykonano badań z powodu nieobecności w domu (3-krotna próba) lub braku zgody na badania. Wśród badanych mężczyźni stanowili 40,83%, a kobiety 59,17%. Nadciśnienie tętnicze stwierdzono u 51% mieszkańców, z czego 53% wcześniej nie miało rozpoznanego nadciśnienia. Średni wskaźnik masy ciała (BMI) badanej grupy wynosił 27,25 i był istotnie wyższy u chorych z nadciśnieniem tętniczym niż u zdrowych (30,5 vs. 24; p < 0,001). Wśród osób leczonych 68% przyjmowało przepisane leki, a 18,5% było leczonych skutecznie. Wśród przepisywanych leków przeważały &#946;-adrenolityki, inhibitory konwertazy angiotensyny i diuretyki. Zwracał uwagę brak substytucji potasem mimo częstego stosowania leków moczopędnych. Wnioski Wśród mieszkańców wsi Boguszyce odsetek chorych na nadciśnienie tętnicze jest znacznie wyższy niż średnia w Polsce. Wśród chorych na nadciśnienie tętnicze występuje rozbieżność między subiektywną a obiektywną oceną skuteczności leczenia. Przyczyną niskiego odsetka skuteczności leczenia nadciśnienia tętniczego jest między innymi nieprzestrzeganie zaleceń lekarskich oraz styl życia i nawyki żywieniowe mieszkańców Boguszyc.Background Arterial hypertension is the most common cardiovascular risk factor especially in village dwellers. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of arterial hypertension in dwellers of the village of Boguszyce in Oleśnica district in Lower Silesia. Material and methods The study group consisted of dwellers of the village of Boguszyce. Examinations were carried out by the trained medical students and physicians visiting village dwellers at their homes. They determined the body mass, height, and measured blood pressure two times based on the Korotkov method. A custom questionnaire was carried out to determine medical history and coexisting risk factors. Results Examinations were carried out in 409 persons (50% of adult village population). The remaining half of village population was not examined due to following reasons: absence at home (3 separate visits), lack of consent. The studied group consisted of 40.83% men and - 59.17% women. Arterial hypertension was diagnosed in 51% of studied population; 53% of this group was not diagnosed earlier with AH. Mean BMI in the study group was 27.25 and was significantly higher in adults with hypertension (30.5 vs. 24; p < 0.001). 68% of adults treated for hypertension took prescribed medications but only 18.5% were treated succesfully. Main presribed antihypertensives were betablockers, ACEI and diuretics. In spite of frequent use of diuretices potassium substitution was rare. Conclusions Arterial hypertension is more common in village dwellers than in general polish population. There is significant discrepancy between perception of treatment results and objective hypertension control. The noncompliance to physicians&#8217; recommendations, the life style and eating habits of the dwellers of Boguszyce, resulting in low physical activity and high percentage of overweight are the chief reasons for high prevalence and low effectiveness of the treatment of hypertension

Knowledge and identity construction in medical weblogs: A study of epistemic predicates

Following the discourse-based, interactional approaches to modality and identity, and recognizing that knowledge is social, relative and contextual, this paper aims to explore epistemic predicates in a corpus of Polish medical weblogs run by healthcare practitioners. The focus is put on the role of epistemic predicates in identity work performed by the bloggers and their audience. The study reveals the variety of the usage patterns of epistemic verbs, the diversity of the roles which healthcare practitioners act out in their blogs and the numerous purposes for which they engage in blogging. To construct their professional identity, healthcare practitioners draw on discursive strategies of distancing-mitigation, legitimization and self-disclosure. In this way, they position themselves as expert specialists who follow their professional ethos, as researchers who extend their knowledge and advice givers who are willing to share knowledge with their non-specialist audience and to educate their patients. They authenticate their expertise through references to their own medical practice and experience. The bloggers also aim to minimize the distance between their readers and engage in conversation with them. In response, the audience actively participates in the co-construction of knowledge and experience-sharing, and contributes to community building.Wykorzystując interakcyjne podejście do badania modalności i tożsamości w dyskursie, artykuł analizuje konstruowanie wiedzy i tożsamości na przykładzie użycia czasowników epistemicznych w korpusie polskich blogów medycznych. Analiza wykazuje różnorodność użycia czasowników epistemicznych, a przez to różnorodność ról, jakie lekarze odgrywają na swoich blogach, oraz liczne cele, dla których prowadzą blog. Blogerzy konstruują tożsamość specjalisty-eksperta, który kieruje się swoim etosem zawodowym, a także badacza i doradcy, który zgłębia wiedzę, dzieli się nią i edukuje swoich pacjentów. Lekarze uwiarygodniają swoją wiedzę poprzez odniesienia do własnej praktyki medycznej i doświadczenia, ale dążą również do zminimalizowania dystansu między czytelnikami blogów i nawiązania z nimi rozmowy. W odpowiedzi czytelnicy aktywnie uczestniczą we współtworzeniu wiedzy i wymianie doświadczeń, a także przyczyniają się do budowania społeczności

Prevalence and Characteristic of Oral Mucosa Lesions

(1) Background: Oral mucosa lesions (OMLs) are diagnosed worldwide in any population, age or gender, but in varied prevalence. OMLs can be found in each site of the oral mucosa; for some of them, it is characteristic to have a bilateral/symmetrical or unilateral/nonsymmetrical mucosal manifestation. The knowledge about its prevalence in varied populations can be useful from a clinical point of view. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of OMLs in patients attending outpatient dental clinic; (2) Retrospective analysis of 2747 patients&rsquo; oral cavity medical charts, who referred to oral pathology outpatient clinic. The type of diagnosed oral lesion, sex and age were evaluated. p &le; 0.05 was considered statistically significant; (3) Results: In this study, the overall prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was found to be higher in older than younger patients. In our study, the age median was the highest in patients with xerostomia, burning mouth syndrome, angular cheilitis and oral candidiasis. The youngest median age was observed in patients with aphthae, mucocele and gingival enlargement. The higher OMLs frequency was related with the female gender. (4) It is important for clinicians to be familiar not only with distinctive features, which sometimes may not be clear, but also with linking the occurrence of OMLs with the gender and age