Hubungan antara Faktor Sosio Ekonomi Ibu terhadap Pengetahuan Mengenai Tuberkulosis

Tuberkulosis (TB) dan kematian akibat infeksinya merupakan masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan mengenai TB denganfaktor sosio-ekonomi. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional dengan sampel 2419 ibu yangdipilih secara acak menggunakan sistem polygonal random sampling dari 11 kelurahan terpadat diJakarta Timur. Data diuji dengan chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hanya 335 responden(14%) yang menjawab seluruh pertanyaan dengan benar dan berhubungan dengan status kerja, penghasilan keluarga, pendidikan terakhir dan sumber informasi. Pengetahuan mengenai TB yang tinggi berhubungan dengan status ibu yang tidak bekerja (p=0,004 RP 0,894 IK95% 0,83;0,97),penghasilan keluarga yang tinggi (p<0,001 RP 1,33 IK95% 1,12;1,15), pendidikan terakhir yangtinggi (p<0,001 RP 1,41 IK95% 1,31; 1,51), dan mendapatkan informasi (p<0,001 RP 0,082IK95% 0,037; 0,178). Pengetahuan yang benar mengenai TB masih rendah dan televisi berperanbesar dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan mengenai TB pada ibu di Jakarta Timur. Disimpulkanpengetahuan mengenai TB berhubungan dengan faktor-faktor sosio ekonomik ibu dan dapatditingkatkan dengan sumber informasi yang tepat

Pengaruh Faktor E- Booking Garuda Indonesia Terhadap Customer Satisfaction

Pesatnya kemajuan teknologi mendorong timbulnya berbagai industri untuk meluaskan jaringan bisnisnya dengan menawarkan berbagai kemudahan yang bermanfaat terutama bagi masyarakat dengan tingkat mobilitas yang tinggi. Salah satu bentuk pemanfaatan kemajuan teknologi di bidang jasa adalah e- booking. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi masyarakat untuk menggunakan sistem e- booking dan apakah faktor tersebut berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif kausal dengan teknik analisis frekuensi, uji validitas, uji reliabilitas serta regresi linear berganda untuk mengetahui variabel bebas yang berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan konsumen. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa variabel accessibility dan security masyarakat mempunyai pengaruh yang negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap customer satisfaction, sedangkan variabel information quality berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap customer satisfaction

Assessment of Infrastructures Assets Induced by Water Level Fluctuation along the Bengawan Solo River

The stability of infrastructure along river channel, such as bridges and embankments, is paramount to continuing service and public safety, and therefore, is essential consideration in the design, construction and maintenance. During the design process, infrastructure stability is often assumed to be static, and considered by implementing a safety factor which is produced by an analysis of extreme condition. However, this has failed to consider the variability of natural factors and importantly, the escalating threat of extreme environmental condition, induced by global climate change. This assumption should, therefore, be revisited for developing a more resilient design and maintenance regime. To demonstrate the changing infrastructure stability, an assessment of safety factor of river embankment and bridge foundation as nearby infrastructures along Bengawan Solo River’s channel and estuary is presented. This was undertaken to determine the impact of water level fluctuation during two extreme conditions during dry and rainy seasons in several critical locations. The river characteristics (i.e. morphology, water fluctuations, velocity, and sub-soil characteristics), embankment conditions and bridge pile foundation were investigated in-situ to assess the change of safety factor. The laboratory investigation focused on river and embankment characteristics including the analysis of the drying-wetting conditions. In-situ and laboratory investigations found an extreme condition which the infrastructures are subjected into, where the water level and flow velocity were 3 m and 0.04 - 0.27 m/s during dry season; and 10 m and 0.46 - 0.84 m/s during rainy season. Furthermore, from the analysis, it can be concluded that certain areas in the river do not meet the minimum requirements for bridge foundation and embankment stability

Collaborative multidisciplinary learning : quantity surveying students’ perspectives

The construction industry is highly fragmented and is known for its adversarial culture, culminating in poor quality projects not completed on time or within budget. The aim of this study is thus to guide the design of QS programme curricula in order to help students develop the requisite knowledge and skills to work more collaboratively in their multi-disciplinary future workplaces. A qualitative approach was considered appropriate as the authors were concerned with gathering an initial understanding of what students think of multi-disciplinary learning. The data collection method used was a questionnaire which was developed by the Behaviours4Collaboration (B4C) team. Knowledge gaps were still found across all the key areas where a future QS practitioner needs to be collaborative (either as a project contributor or as a project leader) despite the need for change instigated by the multi-disciplinary (BIM) education revolution. The study concludes that universities will need to be selective in teaching, and innovative in reorienting, QS education so that a collaborative BIM education can be effected in stages, increasing in complexity as the students’ technical knowledge grows. This will help students to build the competencies needed to make them future leaders. It will also support programme currency and delivery

Assessing the value of intangible benefits of property level flood risk adaptation (PLFRA) measures

© 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. Studies in the UK and elsewhere have identified that flooding can result in diverse impacts, ranging from significant financial costs (tangible) to social (intangible) impacts on households. At the same time, it is now clear that large-scale flood defence schemes are not the panacea to flood risk, and there is an increasing responsibility on property owners to protect their own properties. Hence, there is an emerging expectation for homeowners to take action in the form of investing in property level flood risk adaptation (PLFRA) measures to protect their properties. However, hitherto the level of uptake of such measures remains very low. The tangible financial benefits of investing in PLFRA measures are generally well understood and have been demonstrated to be cost beneficial for many properties at risk from frequent flooding. Importantly, these estimates tend to take little account of the value of the intangible benefits of PLFRA measures and therefore may be under estimating their full benefits. There remains a need to develop an improved understanding of these intangible benefits, and this research sets out to bridge this knowledge gap. Based on a synthesis of the literature, the contingent valuation method was selected as a means to value intangible impacts of flooding on households. A questionnaire survey of homeowners affected in the 2007 flooding was employed to elicit willingness to pay (WTP) values to avoid the intangible impacts of flooding on their households. The analysis of the questionnaire survey data revealed that the average WTP per household per year to avoid intangible flood impacts was £653. This therefore represents the value of the intangible benefits of investing in PLFRA measures and is significantly higher than previously estimated. This research builds on previous research in suggesting a higher value to the intangible impacts of flooding on households by assessing wider range of intangible impacts and focussing on more experienced individuals. Furthermore, the research indicates that factors which influence the WTP values were principally stress of flood, worrying about loss of house values, worrying about future flooding and age of respondents, with income showing a weak correlation. The establishment of a new value for the intangible impacts of flooding on households in the UK is helpful in the domain of flood risk management when evaluating the total benefits (tangible and intangible) of investing in flood protection measures, thus providing a robust assessment for decision-making on flood adaptation measures at an individual property level

Pressure pain sensitivity maps of the neck-shoulder and the low back regions in men and women

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Musculoskeletal pain in the low back and neck-shoulder regions is a major problem among the working population all over the world. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain is found to be higher among women. Women also have lower pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) than men. Pressure pain topography aims at mapping the spatial distribution of PPT within a muscle in an attempt to track changes in mechanical sensitivity. In order to assess gender differences in the pain topography, it is necessary to map the distribution in both healthy men and women. The aim of this study was to assess PPT maps from the cervico-thoracic and lumbar regions in men and women.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Eleven men and eleven women without any known musculoskeletal disorders participated in the study. PPT was measured twice at 36 points over the trapezius muscle of the dominant arm, at 36 points over the trapezius muscle on the contralateral side and at 12 points over the spine between the left and right trapezius. Further, 11 points were measured over the erector spinae muscle on the left side of the spine between the first and the fifth lumbar vertebrae, 11 on the right side and 5 points on the spine itself. The measurements on each trapezius muscle were divided according to anatomical subdivisions. Three-way and two-way ANOVAs were used to analyse the differences in PPTs with the following factors: gender, locations and sub-divisions (only for cervico-thoracic region).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were no differences between left and right side in neither the cervico-thoracic nor the lumbar region, but there were (large effect) differences between the subdivisions in the trapezius with the lowest values in the upper part (P < 0.001; partial η²= 0.19). Women had (small effect) lower PPT in both cervico-thoracic and lumbar regions (P ≤ 0.001; partial η²= 0.02 for both regions), but gender had no effect on neither location nor subdivisions.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The pain topography was not found to be different between genders in the cervico-thoracic and lumbar regions. This study can be used as basis for further clinical studies on musculoskeletal disorders.</p

The perceptions of social responsibility for community resilience to flooding: the impact of past experience, age, gender and ethnicity

Community resilience to flooding depends, to a large extent, on the participation of community members to take more responsibility for enhancing their own resilience. The perception of social responsibility (SR) which is argued to be one of the antecedents influencing individual’s willingness to undertake resilient behaviours can significantly contribute to community resilience through individual and collective actions. Understanding of factors influencing the perceptions of SR of individuals within community might help with developing strategies to increase the perceptions of SR. This research explores perceptions of SR in relation to flooding for householders and local businesses and establishes their relationships with experience of flooding and demographic factors of age, gender and ethnicity. The data were obtained via a questionnaire survey of three communities in Birmingham and one community in South East London, UK, three with experience of flooding and one without. A total of 414 responses were received and used in the multiple regression analysis. The analysis identified ‘experience of flooding’, ‘age’ and ‘South Asian’ ethnic group as significant variables, suggesting that older individuals from South Asian ethnic groups with previous experience of flooding are likely to be more socially responsible than others without these attributes