Prospects and Challenges of Implementation Citizen's Charter (Inovation of Public Services at the Community Health Center Jayapura District)

Introduction : Citizens Charter indicates the rights and services available to the public, service procedures, forms available services and community obligations that must be met (Haque, 2005). Objective : This paper seeks to examine the prospects and challenges of implementation of Citizens Charter as a public service innovation in Jayapura subdistrict health center.Method of approach : the scope of this paper started in 2000 until today, especially with regard to the implementation of public service experience of the health sector and implementation of Citizens Charter in Indonesia and based on secondary sources of information, and using a combination of descriptive and analytical methods.Study Results : This paper shows that despite the bureaucratic reform, especially public services have stepped into the right direction, the impact has so far been less than expected. Despite some reforms and improvements they have made in the provision of services, the public continues to suffer from bureaucratic inefficiency, corruption and a host of other problems, so it shows the gap between the rhetoric and reality of public management reform in Indonesia. It is expected to be the opportunities and challenges for scholars interested in public management (Citizens Charter)-either in academics or policy makers, especially in the implementation in Jayapura .Conclusions : Implementation of the Citizens Charter will efficiently and effectively if attention to some factors : campaigns and dissemination of all stakeholders should be designed and carried out innovative, effective and sustainable to obtain a change of attitude and cultural wisdom ; involve staff in each formulation and implementation ; must have a mechanism structured on monitoring and evaluation, and preferably through an independent agent

Prospects and Challenges of Implementation Citizen\u27s Charter (Inovation of Public Services at the Community Health Center Jayapura District)

Introduction : Citizens Charter indicates the rights and services available to the public, service procedures, forms available services and community obligations that must be met (Haque, 2005). Objective : This paper seeks to examine the prospects and challenges of implementation of Citizens Charter as a public service innovation in Jayapura subdistrict health center.Method of approach : the scope of this paper started in 2000 until today, especially with regard to the implementation of public service experience of the health sector and implementation of Citizens Charter in Indonesia and based on secondary sources of information, and using a combination of descriptive and analytical methods.Study Results : This paper shows that despite the bureaucratic reform, especially public services have stepped into the right direction, the impact has so far been less than expected. Despite some reforms and improvements they have made in the provision of services, the public continues to suffer from bureaucratic inefficiency, corruption and a host of other problems, so it shows the gap between the rhetoric and reality of public management reform in Indonesia. It is expected to be the opportunities and challenges for scholars interested in public management (Citizens Charter)-either in academics or policy makers, especially in the implementation in Jayapura .Conclusions : Implementation of the Citizens Charter will efficiently and effectively if attention to some factors : campaigns and dissemination of all stakeholders should be designed and carried out innovative, effective and sustainable to obtain a change of attitude and cultural wisdom ; involve staff in each formulation and implementation ; must have a mechanism structured on monitoring and evaluation, and preferably through an independent agent

Contribution of copy number variants to the risk of sporadic congenital heart disease

PhD ThesisCongenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital malformation with a birth prevalence of 7/1000. CHD may occur as Mendelian syndromic disorders or as isolated conditions. The latter represent the majority (~80%) of CHD cases. Recent technological advancements have allowed large-scale genome-wide characterization of copy number variants (CNVs), which have been proposed to contribute to the risk of sporadic CHD. This thesis presents a genome-wide CNV study involving 2256 sporadic, isolated CHD patients, 283 trio CHD families, and 1538 ancestry-matched controls that were typed on the Illumina 660W-Q SNP platform. This was followed by an extensive validation study using comparative genomic hybridization arrays, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and quantitative-fluorescent PCR assays. A global enrichment of rare genic deletions was identified in CHD patients (OR = 1.8, P = 0.001), compared to controls. Rare deletions that are associated with CHD had higher gene content (P = 0.001) and higher haploinsufficiency scores (P = 0.03). Additionally, they were enriched with genes involved in the Wnt signalling pathway, known for its pivotal role in cardiac morphogenesis. Rare de novo CNVs were also identified in ~5% CHD trios; 91% of which occurred on the paternal, as opposed to the maternal chromosome (P = 0.01). They spanned previously known candidate loci as well as novel loci for CHD. Individual locus enrichments in cases vs. controls were identified for CNVs at chromosomes 1q21.1 and 15q11.2. A phenotype-specific effect was observed for the 1q21.1 CNVs, and GJA5 was identified as the causative gene for CHD in this locus. In conclusion, global rare genic deletions contribute ~4% of the population attributable risk of sporadic CHD. CNVs implicating 1q21.1, 15q11.2 and Wnt signalling genes are associated with CHD. Rare de novo CNVs identified in CHD trios exhibit a paternal origin bias possibly of relevance to the epidemiology of CHD

KAJIAN INTERAKSI DAN PERANAN MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING MAHASISWA PADA ERA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI IAIN TULUNGAGUNG

E-learning in the Covid-19 pandemic era caused limited social interaction and depended on social media literacy from providers and users in learning units, causing constraints on the quality and effectiveness of learning. The research objective was to examine social interactions and the role of social media in student e-learning during the Covid 19 pandemic at IAIN Tulungagung. Descriptive quantitative research methods. The population was 23,423 students, the sample was 3,483 students (14.87%). The data collection tool used a list of questions, the duration of data collection was 1 month April 2021. Data analysis included the calculation of means, percentages, presentation of graphs and tables with SPSS version 25.0 for windows. Result; learning at home, using a mobile internet connection and using the WhatsApp application and google classroom. Learning material innovation is needed so that learning is easily accessible from cellphones. E-learning limits socializing and reduces free time. Barriers to online lectures are mainly limited internet signal, then costs incurred, difficult material and a lot of assignments, 83.49% students that they disagreed with the statement that online lectures were cheap. Innovation and planning for interactive learning methods are needed so that students can interact actively and facilitate student access to the internet

Recurrent deletions and duplications of chromosome 2q11.2 and 2q13 are associated with variable outcomes

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/115980/1/ajmga37269_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/115980/2/ajmga37269.pd

Phenotype-specific effect of chromosome 1q21.1 rearrangements and GJA5 duplications in 2436 congenital heart disease patients and 6760 controls

Recurrent rearrangements of chromosome 1q21.1 that occur via non-allelic homologous recombination have been associated with variable phenotypes exhibiting incomplete penetrance, including congenital heart disease (CHD). However, the gene or genes within the ∼1 Mb critical region responsible for each of the associated phenotypes remains unknown. We examined the 1q21.1 locus in 948 patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), 1488 patients with other forms of CHD and 6760 ethnically matched controls using single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping arrays (Illumina 660W and Affymetrix 6.0) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. We found that duplication of 1q21.1 was more common in cases of TOF than in controls [odds ratio (OR) 30.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.9-107.6); P = 2.2 × 10−7], but deletion was not. In contrast, deletion of 1q21.1 was more common in cases of non-TOF CHD than in controls [OR 5.5 (95% CI 1.4-22.0); P = 0.04] while duplication was not. We also detected rare (n = 3) 100-200 kb duplications within the critical region of 1q21.1 in cases of TOF. These small duplications encompassed a single gene in common, GJA5, and were enriched in cases of TOF in comparison to controls [OR = 10.7 (95% CI 1.8-64.3), P = 0.01]. These findings show that duplication and deletion at chromosome 1q21.1 exhibit a degree of phenotypic specificity in CHD, and implicate GJA5 as the gene responsible for the CHD phenotypes observed with copy number imbalances at this locu