Cultural Bias in Parent Reports: The Role of Socialization Goals When Parents Report on Their Child's Problem Behavior

It has been called into question whether widely used screening instruments for child mental health can provide comparable results across countries and cultures. Socialization goals can influence whether and to what extent a parent considers a behavior to be problematic and thus might influence parental reports on their child’s behavior. We tested comparability of parental reports between native German (N = 116) and Turkish origin (N = 77) parents in Germany in an online study using a vignette approach. Parents were asked to rate the perceived problem severity of the same behavior depicted in the vignettes. We expected and found that parents of Turkish origin in Germany rate the externalizing problem behaviour depicted in the vignettes as more problematic compared to native German parents. The effect was fully mediated by parental approval of the socialization goals obedience and collectivism. We also controlled for social desirability responding and an extreme response style

Parental Socialization Goals in Five Countries: Measurement Equivalence and Cross-Country Differences

Parental socialization goals are informed by culture. In previous research, it was often assumed that parents in western countries value individualistic socialization goals more, while collectivistic socialization goals are more pronounced in eastern countries. In addition, in Kağitçibasi’s framework, the importance of education and rural or urbanized living surroundings is pronounced, resulting in a third type of cultural model, in which individualistic goals are highly valued, but close family ties continue to be important. Previous research has been inconclusive regarding country differences. One major shortcoming is the lack of testing for measurement invariance (MI). Missing MI might bias results. In the current study, we surveyed five socialization goals (autonomy, self-development, group harmony, obedience and collectivism) in an online study with parents in the USA, China, Russia, Mexico and Germany (N=500). We first tested for MI using the Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis approach and the Bayesian Approximate MI approach. In a second step, we tested for country differences and the impact of country, education and urbanization on socialization goals, while taking into account the results of the invariance test. We found partial/approximate MI for four of the five scales. Contrary to our expectations, group comparisons yielded a very mixed picture of latent means not supporting an individualistic/collectivistic distinction but also not fully matching Kağitçibasi’s framework. Yet, education and living surroundings had no impact on socialization goals

Communities That Care. Schülerbefragung in Niedersachsen 2017

«Communities That Care» (CTC) hat die Prävention von jugendlichem Problemverhalten zum Ziel. Durch CTC sollen positive Rahmenbedingungen in Gemeinden etabliert und gefördert werden, um so Kindern und Jugendlichen sichere und gesundheitsförderliche Entwicklungsbedingungen zu ermöglichen. Durch die Niedersachsenweite Schülerbefragung, die 2017 bereits zum dritten Mal stattfand, wurden Referenzwerte zur Häufigkeit von Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren problematischen Verhaltens ermittelt. Gemeinden können die Daten ihrer lokalen Schülerbefragungen mit diesen Referenzwerten vergleichen und so die Problembereiche ihrer Gemeinde ermitteln. Hierzu können dann passende Präventionsangebote ausgewählt werden. Die niedersachsenweite Schülerbefragung 2017 wurde im Rahmen einer Kooperation der Universität Hildesheim und des Landespräventionsrats Niedersachsen im Justizministerium realisiert

Die Lehrmails - Konzeption, Implementation und Evaluation eines niedrigschwelligen Personalentwicklungsangebots für Hochschullehrende

Unter dem Begriff Lehrmails werden didaktisch ambitionierte Informationsschriften verstanden, die per E-Mail an Hochschullehrende versandt werden. Ziel der Lehrmails ist es, in unverbindlicher Weise Anregungen zur Reflexion und/oder Verbesserung der Durchführung von Lehrveranstaltungen zu geben sowie die selbstverständliche Kommunikation über Fragen der Hochschullehre anzuregen. In diesem Beitrag werden Lehrmails als eine Möglichkeit vorgeschlagen, professionell und kostengünstig den Aufbau einer positiven lehrebezogenen Weiterbildungskultur voranzutreiben und damit die Personalentwicklung im Lehrbereich zu fördern. Das Konzept der Lehrmails, die Implementationsstrategien und Evaluationsergebnisse werden vorgestellt. Abschließend werden Einsatzmöglichkeiten des Lehrmailpakets diskutiert. 04.01.2007 | Dietrun Lübeck & Renate Soellner (Berlin

Gesundheitskompetenz: Modellbildung und empirische Modellprüfung einer Schlüsselqualifikation für gesundes Leben

Der Beitrag beschreibt ein Strukturmodell von Gesundheitskompetenz bestehend aus Basisfertigkeiten und weiterentwickelten Fertigkeiten, die sich wiederum auf eine perzeptiv-motivationale und eine handlungsorientierte Ebene beziehen. Im Unterschied zur health literacy ist das Modell vom klinischen Kontext abgelöst und als Lebenskompetenz für Gesundheit angelegt. Der Beitrag wirdmet sich auch der empirischen Überprüfung des Modells sowie der Frage, wie die Kompetenz erworben werden kann

Do Women With High eHealth Literacy Profit More From a Decision Aid on Mammography Screening? Testing the Moderation Effect of the eHEALS in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Reder M, Soellner R, Kolip P. Do Women With High eHealth Literacy Profit More From a Decision Aid on Mammography Screening? Testing the Moderation Effect of the eHEALS in a Randomized Controlled Trial. Frontiers in Public Health. 2019;7: 46.Background: Our decision aid on mammography screening developed according to the criteria of the International Patient Decision Aids Standards Collaboration increases knowledge compared to usual care. However, it remains unclear whether this decision aid is more effective in women with higher eHealth literacy. Our objective was to test whether the positive effect of the decision aid on knowledge is moderated by eHealth literacy. Methods: A total of 1,206 women aged 50 from Westphalia-Lippe, Germany, participated (response rate of 16.3%) in our study and were randomized to usual care (i.e., the standard information brochure sent with the programme's invitation letter) or the decision aid. eHealth literacy was assessed at baseline with the Electronic Health Literacy Scale (eHEALS); knowledge was assessed at baseline and post-intervention. First, we compared the 2-factor model of the German eHEALS (information-seeking and information-appraisal) found in previous research and the 3-factor model we hypothesized for decision aid use to the originally proposed 1-factor model. Second, we modeled the measurement model according to the superior factor model found in step one and tested whether the eHEALS moderated the effect of the decision aid on knowledge. Results: The 3-factor model of the eHEALS had a better model fit than the 1-factor or 2-factor model. Both information-seeking, information-appraisal, and information-use had no effect on knowledge post-intervention. All three interactions of the decision aid with information-seeking, information-appraisal, and information-use were not significant. Equally, neither education nor its interaction with the decision aid had an effect on knowledge post-intervention. Conclusion: The decision aid developed in this project increases knowledge irrespective of level of eHealth literacy. This means that not only women with high eHealth literacy profit from the decision aid but that the decision aid has been successfully conceptualized as a comprehensible information tool that can be used by women of varying eHealth literacy levels

Do Women With High eHealth Literacy Profit More From a Decision Aid on Mammography Screening? Testing the Moderation Effect of the eHEALS in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Our decision aid on mammography screening developed according to the criteria of the International Patient Decision Aids Standards Collaboration increases knowledge compared to usual care. However, it remains unclear whether this decision aid is more effective in women with higher eHealth literacy. Our objective was to test whether the positive effect of the decision aid on knowledge is moderated by eHealth literacy.Methods: A total of 1,206 women aged 50 from Westphalia-Lippe, Germany, participated (response rate of 16.3%) in our study and were randomized to usual care (i.e., the standard information brochure sent with the programme's invitation letter) or the decision aid. eHealth literacy was assessed at baseline with the Electronic Health Literacy Scale (eHEALS); knowledge was assessed at baseline and post-intervention. First, we compared the 2-factor model of the German eHEALS (information-seeking and information-appraisal) found in previous research and the 3-factor model we hypothesized for decision aid use to the originally proposed 1-factor model. Second, we modeled the measurement model according to the superior factor model found in step one and tested whether the eHEALS moderated the effect of the decision aid on knowledge.Results: The 3-factor model of the eHEALS had a better model fit than the 1-factor or 2-factor model. Both information-seeking, information-appraisal, and information-use had no effect on knowledge post-intervention. All three interactions of the decision aid with information-seeking, information-appraisal, and information-use were not significant. Equally, neither education nor its interaction with the decision aid had an effect on knowledge post-intervention.Conclusion: The decision aid developed in this project increases knowledge irrespective of level of eHealth literacy. This means that not only women with high eHealth literacy profit from the decision aid but that the decision aid has been successfully conceptualized as a comprehensible information tool that can be used by women of varying eHealth literacy levels.Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00005176 (https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00005176)

Erwartungen an das Praktikum im Studium - Anregungen zur Entwicklung von Curricula

Mit der Umstellung auf Bachelorstudiengänge in Deutschland geht auch eine Einführung von Pflichtpraktika im Studium einher. Im Rahmen einer Bedarfsanalyse wurden Praktikumsbeauftragte, Studierende und Praktikumsanbieter interviewt. Erstere erwarten, dass PraktikantInnen während des Praktikums praktische Berufserfahrung sammeln sowie Einblick in die Praxis erhalten. Studierende erwarten vom Praktikum einen Zuwachs an Fachkompetenz, während Praktikumsgeber davon ausgehen, dass diese von den Studierenden bereits mitgebracht wird. Praktikumsbeauftragte und -anbieter wünschen eine engere Kooperation. Optimierungsbedarf wurde bezüglich der Vorbereitung und der Mindestdauer von Praktika deutlich. Die Ergebnisse liefern wichtige Anregungen zur Entwicklung von Curricula für Bachelorstudiengänge. 25.02.2009 | Renate Soellner, Nicole Scheibner, Julia Hapkemeyer & Corinna Fink (Berlin

Changes in Alcoholic Beverage Choice and Risky Drinking among Adolescents in Europe 1999–2019

This paper explores trends in beverage preference in adolescents, identifies related regional differences, and examines cluster differences in key drinking measures. Data were obtained from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD), covering 24 European countries between 1999 and 2019. Trends in the distribution of alcoholic beverages on the participants’ most recent drinking occasion were analysed by sex and country using fractional multinomial logit regression. Clusters of countries based on trends and predicted beverage proportions were compared regarding the prevalence of drinkers, mean alcohol volume and prevalence of heavy drinking. Four distinct clusters each among girls and boys emerged. Among girls, there was not one type of beverage that was preferred across clusters, but the proportion of cider/alcopops strongly increased over time in most clusters. Among boys, the proportion of beer decreased, but was dominant across time in all clusters. Only northern European countries formed a geographically defined region with the highest prevalence of heavy drinking and average alcohol volume in both genders. Adolescent beverage preferences are associated with mean alcohol volume and heavy drinking at a country-level. Future approaches to drinking cultures need to take subpopulations such as adolescents into account

Facetten der Gesundheitskompetenz – eine Expertenbefragung. Projekt Gesundheitskompetenz

Das Projekt „Gesundheitskompetenz – Modellentwicklung und Validierung“ verfolgt das Ziel, ein Modell zu entwickeln, das Aufschluss über die innere Struktur und Zusammensetzung der Gesundheitskompetenz geben sowie dessen Beziehungen zu verwandten Konstrukten kognitiver Art aufzeigen soll. Dabei soll der Begriff der Gesundheitskompetenz einem kognitiv-orientierten Kompetenzbegriff zugeführt werden. Kompetenzen werden dementsprechend als kontextspezifische kognitive Leistungsdispositionen verstanden, die sich funktional auf bestimmte Klassen von Situationen und Anforderungen beziehen lassen. Gesundheitskompetenz wird in diesem Zusammenhang als eine wissensbasierte Kompetenz betrachtet, die primär durch Kultur, Bildung und Erziehung vermittelt wird. (DIPF/Orig.