Trends of Antibacterial Resistance at the National Reference Laboratory in Cameroon: Comparison of the Situation between 2010 and 2017

INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial resistance represents a growing public health threat. One of the World Health Organization's strategic objectives is "strengthening knowledge through surveillance and research." Sub-Saharan African countries are still far from achieving this objective. We aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of antibacterial resistance in 2010 and 2017 in Cameroon. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on all clinical specimens cultured in Centre Pasteur du Cameroun (CPC) in 2010 and 2017. Data were extracted from the CPC's laboratory data information system software and then managed and analyzed using R. Bacterial resistance rates were calculated in each year and compared using chi-square or Fisher's tests, and relative changes were calculated. Outcomes included acquired resistance (AR), WHO priority resistant pathogens, some specific resistances of clinical interest, and resistance patterns (multi, extensively, and pan drug resistances) for five selected pathogens. RESULTS: A total of 10,218 isolates were analyzed. The overall AR rate was 96.0% (95% CI: 95.4-96.6). Most of WHO priority bacterial resistance rates increased from 2010 to 2017. The most marked increases expressed as relative changes concerned imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter (6.2% vs. 21.6%, +248.4%, p = 0.02), imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.5% vs. 23.5%, +74.1%, p < 0.01), 3rd generation-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (23.8% vs. 40.4%, +65.8%, p < 10(-15)), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (27.3% vs. 46.0%, +68.6%, p < 0.002), fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella (3.9% vs. 9.5%, +142.9%, p = 0.03), and fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (32.6% vs. 54.0%, +65.8%, p < 10(-15)). For selected pathogens, global multidrug resistance was high in 2010 and 2017 (74.9% vs. 78.0% +4.1%, p = 0.01), intensively drug resistance rate was 5.8% (7.0% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.07), and no pan drug resistance has been identified. CONCLUSION: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics of clinical relevance in Cameroon was high and appeared to increase between 2010 and 2017. There is a need for regular surveillance of antibacterial resistance to inform public health strategies and empirically inform prescription practices

Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carrying Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Genes: Worldwide Emergence

Infections caused by community-acquired (CA)-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been reported worldwide. We assessed whether any common genetic markers existed among 117 CA-MRSA isolates from the United States, France, Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand, and Western Samoa by performing polymerase chain reaction for 24 virulence factors and the methicillin-resistance determinant. The genetic background of the strain was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). The CA-MRSA strains shared a type IV SCCmec cassette and the Panton-Valentine leukocidin locus, whereas the distribution of the other toxin genes was quite specific to the strains from each continent. PFGE and MLST analysis indicated distinct genetic backgrounds associated with each geographic origin, although predominantly restricted to the agr3 background. Within each continent, the genetic background of CA-MRSA strains did not correspond to that of the hospital-acquired MRSA

Second Microbiology Colloquium

Les domaines, qui par nature sont à la frontière des grandes disciplines auxquelles ils servent de traits d'union, ont du mal à trouver leur place et à se développer. C'est le cas de la microbiologie marine, à l'interface entre la chimie, les sciences de la vie et les sciences de la terre. Le deuxième colloque de microbiologie marine organisé par la Société Française de Microbiologie a d'abord illustré une réalité : la microbiologie marine figure désormais parmi les disciplines de base de l'océanologie. Les nombreuses communications présentées ont permis d'apprécier le niveau de compétence des équipes de recherche françaises, d'évaluer la qualité et l'importance des résultats obtenus et de conduire la réflexion sur les applications à venir, sur les besoins en connaissances et sur les difficultés à vaincre pour satisfaire ces besoins. Les thèmes abordés étaient variés : taxonomie et mise au point méthodologique, écologie microbienne, physiologie des algues unicellulaires, hygiène des produits aquacoles, virologie, biodégradation des polluants marins. Autant de domaines fondamentaux pour la connaissance de l'océan, pour l'exploitation et la protection de ses ressources

Annales de virologie

juillet 19821982/07 (VOL133E,N3)-1982/08

Modélisation et estimation de la prévalence de campylobacter jejuni chez le poulet standard avant et après abattage

National audienc