Women and gender participation in the fisheries sector in Lake Victoria

Role of women, Fisheries, GENDER, Lake Victoria,

Osanyin / Ossaim the Yoruba deity of healing in Nigeria and Brazil: a comparative study

In Nigeria Osanyin and in Brazil Ossaim is the Yoruba deity of healing credited with all knowledge of herbs, leaves and roots for medicinal purposes. The myths of origin, history and religious beliefs of the Yoruba of south west Nigeria were carried by the slaves across to the Americas and the Caribbean. It is said that in Bahia, Brazil the Yoruba religion is at its truest (Herskovits and Herskovits, 1943). The religion is passed down through generations to this day albeit with minor modifications due to the influence of the Catholic religion. This factor has maintained a continuity in space and time with the original cult. To the Yoruba, health is a state in which there is a blending of physical, mental, emotional social moral and spiritual well-being. To achieve this harmony they resort to divination to find out the cause of and remedy for their illness. The traditional healers fall into four groups and of these the diviner/herbalist meet the needs of anyone who is ill by providing both diagnosis and medication. Among this group are the Olpsanyin who diagnose and provide the remedy through dialogue with the deity and the Osanyin who acquire the knowledge of herbs and the associated incantations through a system of apprenticeship. In Bahia, diagnosis is made through divination using sixteen cowries. The herbs are collected by the Babaloxa under whose watchful eyes the medications are prepared. The Yoruba celebrate the festival of Osanym annually either individually or collectively in the town, led by the head of the cult and the Oba. In Bahia, the festival of Ossaim is held at the same time as that of the other orixa. Giddens' (1979) theory of structuration is applied to elucidate how the system is reproduced; how knowledge is transmitted and why the activities associated with the cult remain in demand in the modem age

Fathers and child welfare services in Norway: self-concept and fathering practice

This article is based on interviews with 15 men whose children have, or have had, involvement with Norwegian child welfare services (CWS). The aim is to contribute to an increased knowledge of their experience of fatherhood, factors affecting their self-concept and the consequences this has for their fathering practice. The fathers’ relationship to their parents appears important – in terms of what they emphasise in their childcare, and the importance they ascribe themselves as fathers. The fathers constitute their fatherhood as in opposition to their own fathers, and to their children’s mothers. If fathers are uncertain of their role and importance for their children, while being faced with the CWS’ understanding of mothers as primary caregivers, this can cause them to withdraw. There is a need for a greater degree of reflection regarding different understandings of fatherhood, and how the CWS relate to gender roles and to fathers

Community Participation in Fisheries Management in Tanzania.pdf

Artisanal or small scale inshore fisheries are one of the economic sub sectors of the economy and make valuable economic contribution to the coastal communities of Tanzania. It provides rich protein food, employment, income thus contribute to their livelihood. The fishery also contributes significantly to foreign earnings and revenue. Small-scale fisheries is by far the most important sector in coastal communities as it employs more than 177,527 full time fishers and over 4 million people are engaged in various fisheries related activities. Consequently, the demand for fishery resources for export and local consumption (food security) is growing, leading to further pressure on finfish and high value invertebrate fish resources, with the open access nature of the fishery and subject to little management control, resulted into increasingly problems of overexploitation and overcapitalizations which calls for management measures to rescue the situation. In most fishery, the great challenge of fisheries management is to choose the best management regime and strategies to achieve the objectives of managing fishery resources. Human and financial resources must be obtained in order to manage the resources in a sustainable manner. In the absence of human resources fishing communities can be used in fisheries-dependent monitoring because reliable and accurate information is crucial as only well informed decision makers can make good decisions in managing the fishery resources. Tanzania initiate a participatory resource management approach by involving local fishing communities, a system commonly known as co-management, which is currently used to manage fishery resources through management tools

Breastfeeding pattern and nutritional status of children under two years in Oshogbo Local Government Area Osun State Nigeria

Background: This study aims to assess breastfeeding pattern among mothers and nutritional status of children under two years.Methodology: The cross sectional study was carried out in Oshogbo Local Government Area, Osun State. A total of 350 nursing mothers and their children undertwo years were randomly selected systematically. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on the bio-data and socioeconomic characteristics of the mothers. Breast feeding knowledge and pattern was assessed and anthropometric measurements taken. Data was subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 20.Results: One-third(32.6%) of the mothers were between 26-30years of age and 40% of the children were between 7-12 months old. Only 2.6% of the mothers earned >$400 per month. Most mothers (85.7%) had adequate knowledge about optimal breastfeeding, 72% initiated breastfeeding more than 1hr after birth and about 72% gave prelacteal meal. About 16.4% breastfed exclusively. Only 16.6% express breast-milk and the median duration for continued breastfeeding in this study was 18months. Complementary foods given to the children are mostly home prepared cereals, solids and semi-solid foods. About 30.4% of the children were stunted, 25.4% were underweight and 15.3% were wasted. However 4.3% mothers were underweight, 29.1% were overweight and 2.6% were obese. Maternal age, family structure, parity and monthly income were significantly related to their knowledge of and the pattern of breastfeeding.Conclusion: The practice of exclusive breastfeeding and use of expressed breast milk is poor among the mothers. Stunting was also high among the children.Key words: Breastfeeding, Undertwo children, Nutritional Status, Prelacteal foods, Mother

Presidents and populist politics

Populist language is a common rhetorical practice of United States Presidents. There is a breadth of literature on the study of populism and populist language, yet few studies identify populist language as reimagining the relationship between president and people. This paper identifies populist language as a political tactic of presidents and links the tactic’s use to the cultivation of authority and legitimacy. A central theoretical foundation of this paper rests on Skowronek’s concept of political time and authority structures. Through the use of four case studies spanning the presidencies of Andrew Jackson, Franklin Roosevelt, Ronald Reagan, and Donald Trump, this paper evaluates populist rhetoric in the context of providing political agency to navigating the pressures of the political authority cycle and capitalizing on mass communication technology as a vehicle for reach and connectivity. This study identifies both a recurrent and emergent pattern of populist rhetoric in an across-case analysis. Furthermore, the findings of this research suggest a greater reliance on the public presidency and raise concerns as to how populist politics can shape and alter the presidency, presidential expectations, and American democracy

The last resort? Initial findings of a PhD study exploring the circumstances, and motivations, of non- resident fathers taking on the full time care of their children though the involvement of social services

Within the field of child protection social work, where concerns about the care a child have reached a point of possible removal into care. A clear mandate exists requiring social workers to contact and assess resident and non-resident fathers, as a potential alternative placement for the child. Previous studies have consistently found that a number of barriers exist between fathers and social workers throughout child protection procedures, and engagement has been positioned as either problematic or non-existent. My PhD study, through narrative interviews and the use of time lines, explores the motivations and experiences of fathers who, as a result of the involvement of social services, now have their children living with them on a permanent basis. A number of these fathers care for children whom they have had no previous relationship with, or are not their biological father. If, as it is often argued, that men have no moral or social obligation to care for children on this basis, what motivates fathers to agree to, and undertake this role? For the majority of the fathers in the study, they are acutely aware that they are the 'last resort' to their children going into the care system, and believe that this to be the worst possible outcome for themselves and their child/ren. In the presentation I will explore how this realisation acts as a motivator to act through anticipatory stigma, grief and loss, should they not have agreed to be assessed by Social Services. Exploring how practitioners involved in care proceedings are engaged in 'future work' and how this impacts upon fathers. I will explain how the stigma that emanates from the negative perceptions of the care system in society is involuntary experienced, and anticipated, by fathers through their own moral identity, and involvement from social services, family and friends. I will then suggest that, as non-resident, the fathers in my study have already experienced feelings of grief and loss through a loss of role, identity and no longer living with their children/having contact. Anticipating further feelings of grief and loss, should their children be removed in care and possible adoption, a number of the fathers in study were compelled to engage with, and be assessed by social service

Overview of small scale fisheries data collection in Tanzania

In developing countries, small scale or artisanal fisheries catch data-collection systems, are not performing satisfactorily. This is due to the systems not giving out what is needed for assessing the appropriate fisheries, policy and management decisions, tracking the trends of exploitation of fishery resources and the overall performance of existing fisheries management measures. It is, therefore, essential for the management agencies that the most appropriate and accurate information for management of the fishery resources be continuously collected, processed, analyzed and provided in a timely manner. In fisheries, reliable and accurate information is crucial because only well informed decision makers can make good decisions on fisheries resource exploitation. The complex multi-species, multi-gear tropical fisheries in developing countries, including Tanzania, are poorly understood thus characterising the landings from these fisheries is often impossible using conventional approaches. The data collection in this particular cases are not reliable, inaccurate and takes long time to be reported as such they can-not be used in policy and planning, budgeting and management measures. Struggle for better data collection system, started from total enumeration, followed with sampling by space and time with gear as a primary sampling unit then shifted to boat as a sampling unit. Currently, mobile data collection system is introduced with boat and gear combination as a primary sampling unit. The system provides tangible result that is accurate, reliable, timely and efficient in reporting. This paper therefore, provide case study on Tanzanian data collection system to current situation of using mobile system which shows efficienc