Association of Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase and C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: To compare Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase and serum C-reactive protein as biomarker of oxidative stress in patients of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology Rawalpindi. The duration of study was 6 months i.e., 17 Nov 2021 – 17 May 2022 after approval from Institutional Review Board FC-CHP21-12/Read-IRB/22/846. Materials and Methods: An analytical, cross-sectional research was carried out at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi. An overall 300 diabetic patients were included between ages of 45 – 65 years. Group I had 100 nondiabetic individuals of 45 – 65 years of age with HbA1c < 5.7 %. Group II and III included 100 patients each of DM of matched age with HbA1c 6.5 – 7 % and greater than 7 % respectively, without any other chronic disease. Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase, HbA1c, Serum C-Reactive Protein were analyzed. Moreover, some more biochemical investigations such as serum liver enzymes were measured to rule out any liver disease. One-way ANOVA was followed up by post-hoc Tukey analysis for intergroup comparison. Results: Mean serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels were markedly increased in group III patients followed by group II and normal in group I. The mean of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase in group I was (9.38+4.05U/l), group II (34.27+15.07 U/l) and group III (47.08+20.56 U/l). The mean of Serum C-Reactive Protein in group I was (11+6.02 mg/l), group II (62.07+ 26.94 mg/l) and group III (107.73+57.03 mg/l). Pearson correlation revealed prominent positive correlation between HbA1c, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase and Serum C-Reactive Protein with r value of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (0.838367) and Serum C-Reactive Protein (0.684722). One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey analysis had p value of < 0.05 which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase is better marker of oxidative stress in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus as compared to Serum C-Reactive Protein. The r value of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase is (0.838367) and Serum C-Reactive Protein is (0.684722) indicating strong positive correlation of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase with HbA1c. Therefore, Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase can be used for the prevention and monitoring of complications of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Tit comparative effects of mulligan traction straight leg raise versus muscle energy technique on pain intensity and hamstring tightness in patient with knee osteoarthritis

Objective: To determine the comparative effects of mulligan traction straight leg raise versus muscle energy technique on pain intensity and hamstring tightness in patient with knee osteoarthritis. Methodology: The design of this study was randomized clinical trial.&nbsp; Data was collected from Physiotherapy Clinics, the University of Faisalabad. The sample size was of 36 subjects. Informed consent was signed by all participants. Participants were included in study by considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were divided randomly by lottery method into two groups, group A (mulligan traction straight legs raise technique) and group B (Muscle energy technique). Total treatment was of 4 weeks.&nbsp; Outcomes measures tool were, VAS (visual analogue scale) for pain intensity and Oxford knee score (OKS) for disability. Active Knee Extension test was used to assess hamstring flexibility. Results: Mean Age of the group A participants were 53.89±5.76 and group B age 56.39±5.78. MET group was more effective in improving knee function rather that mulligan group (42.6±4.3 vs 34.3±5.1 with p value .000) similarly. MET group was more effective in improving hamstring flexibility and in pain reduction her that mulligan group (17.1±3.6 vs 24.6±4.7 with p value .000; 1.4±.5 vs3.4±.8 with p value .000)

Comparison between rood inhibitory approach and bobath reflex inhibiting patterns to improve gross motor function and reduce spasticity in hemiplegic children of encephalitis

Objectives: To compare the effects of Rood Inhibitory approach and Bobath Reflex Inhibiting pattern to improve Gross motor Function and reduce spasticity in Hemiplegic Children of Encephalitis. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted comprising of 22 patients recruited from different clinics of Faisalabad. Participants from both genders, in age range from 08-12 years were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups. Treatment group A received Rood inhibitory approach and treatment group B received Bobath Reflex inhibiting pattern. Measurement of Modified Ashworth scale were recorded at pre-treatment and weekly for 4 weeks, while (GMFM-88 and GMFM- 66) was assessed at baseline and at end of 4th week. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data. Result: &nbsp;Mean age in Group A was 10.00+1.673 years and in Group B was 9.82+1.537 years. Total 11 were male and 11 were female. There was significant improvement in mean MAS score at 2nd week, 3rd week and 4th week post treatment readings (p value &lt; 0.05). There was significant improvement in mean (GMFM-88 and GMFM- 66) at 4th week post treatment readings (p value &lt; 0.05).&nbsp