INVOLVEMENT AND COMMUNICATION ON FACE BOOK: EXPLORING INTERACTION PATTERNS OF PERSONALITY AND ADULT ATTACHMENT STYLES

The study is intended to explore individuals’ involvementand interaction on Facebook as an outcome of personality dimensions,and attachment styles. Participants (N=383) Facebook users included 60.3% females with an age range of 18-27 years (means = 22.47±2.91). Results suggested that extraversion (β=.12, p<.05) and neuroticism (β=.15, p<.05) predicted Facebook usage (intensity), and effects of neuroticism is moderated by secure attachment style (β interaction= - .23, p<.01). Social interaction on Facebook was predicted by extraversion (β=.14, p<.05) and the effects was moderated by secure attachment style (β interaction= -.16, p<.05). It is concluded that computer mediated communication on social networking sites is a complex phenomenon and shall be studied as a consequence of interaction between personal and environmental factors

Identification of ionotrophic purinergic receptors in Huh-7 cells and their response towards structural proteins of HCV genotype 3a

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health problem in developing countries including Pakistan. Chronic HCV infection results in progressive liver disease including fibrosis, cirrhosis, insulin resistance and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ionotrophic purinergic (P2X) receptors are identified to involve in a spectrum of physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, the role of P2X receptors in HCV liver associated diseases still remains to be investigated. The current study was designed to identify the presence of P2X receptors in human liver cells. Furthermore, it investigates the response of P2X receptors towards HCV structural proteins (E1E2). To determine that how many isoforms of P2X receptors are expressed in human liver cells, human hepatoma cell line (Huh-7) was used. Transcripts (mRNA) of five different isoforms of P2X receptors were identified in Huh-7 cells. To examine the gene expression of identified isoforms of P2X receptors in presence of HCV structural proteins E1E2, Huh-7/E1E2 cell line (stably expressing HCV structural proteins E1E2) was used. The results showed significant increase (6.2 fold) in gene expression of P2X4 receptors in Huh-7/E1E2 cells as compared to control Huh-7 cells. The findings of present study confirmed the presence of transcripts of five different isoforms of P2X receptors in human liver cells and suggest that P2X4 receptors could be represented an important component of the purinergic signaling complex in HCV induced liver pathogenesis

Nucleotide identity and variability among different Pakistani hepatitis C virus isolates

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The variability within the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome has formed the basis for several genotyping methods and used widely for HCV genotyping worldwide.</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>The aim of the present study was to determine percent nucleotide identity and variability in HCV isolates prevalent in different geographical regions of Pakistan.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Sequencing analysis of the 5'noncoding region (5'-NCR) of 100 HCV RNA-positive patients representing all the four provinces of Pakistan were carried out using ABI PRISM 3100 Genetic Analyzer.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results showed that type 3 is the predominant genotypes circulating in Pakistan, with an overall prevalence of 50%. Types 1 and 4 viruses were 9% and 6% respectively. The overall nucleotide similarity among different Pakistani isolates was 92.50% ± 0.50%. Pakistani isolates from different areas showed 7.5% ± 0.50% nucleotide variability in 5'NCR region. The percent nucleotide identity (PNI) was 98.11% ± 0.50% within Pakistani type 1 sequences, 98.10% ± 0.60% for type 3 sequences, and 99.80% ± 0.20% for type 4 sequences. The PNI between different genotypes was 93.90% ± 0.20% for type 1 and type 3, 94.80% ± 0.12% for type 1 and type 4, and 94.40% ± 0.22% for type 3 and type 4.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Genotype 3 is the most prevalent HCV genotype in Pakistan. Minimum and maximum percent nucleotide divergences were noted between genotype 1 and 4 and 1 and 3 respectively.</p

Clinical Profile of Mortality and Treatment Profile of Survival in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Admitted to Dubai Hospital

Background: Most COVID-19 studies conclude old age and coexisting illnesses as mortality determinants owing to different populations or methodologies, or omitting factors affecting outcomes. Methods: We analyzed COVID-19 patients’ data (N = 391) of Dubai Hospital between January 1, 2020 and June 30, 2020. Results: Only 19 patients (4.8%) were UAE nationals, while 372 (95.2%) were expatriates. Median age was 48 (interquartile range, 40–56) years; 22% were &#x3c;40 years, and only 16.6% were female. Cough was the most common symptom (78.7%), fever was 77.4%, and gastrointestinal symptoms were least common (13.8%). Approximately 95% had elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimers (79%), lymphocytopenia 47.3%, and thrombocytopenia 13.8%. Mortality was 30% for the total sample and 50% in ICU patients. ICU patients were older than non-ICU (age; 49.6 ± 10.9 vs. 46.7 ± 12.7 years, p = 0.04). Eighty-five percent of ICU patients required invasive mechanical ventilation, 78% vasopressors, 88% sedation, 84% muscle paralysis, while none require any of these in the medical group. Survivors had fewer patients with sedatives (p = 0.01). The median length of stay in the hospital was 19 days, ICU stays 14 days, and ventilator 11 days. The Mann-Whitney test showed that survivors spent more days in the ICU (median [IQR] 18 [6.5–29.5] vs. 11 [4–18], p value 0.003) and the hospital (32 [14.5–49.5] vs. 14 [7–21], p value 0.001) than nonsurvivors. Ferritin and D-dimers were higher in nonsurvivors, but CRP was lower in nonsurvivors (ferritin (ng/mL) median (IQR) 1,434 (661.5–2206.5) versus 1,362 (630–2,094), p value = 0.017, CRP (mg/L) 118.7 (53.4–184) versus 134.9 (66.5–203.2), p value 0.001 and D-dimer (µg/mL) 1.54 (0–3.13) versus 1.09 (0–2.51), p value = 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis determined age, fever on admission, use of oxygen, mechanical ventilation, and steroids as predictors of survival. Conclusions: COVID-19 patients were young males with pre-existing conditions. Ferritin, CRP, and D-dimers were higher in nonsurvivors. Treatment with chloroquine, antivirals, and anticoagulation was not different between survivors and nonsurvivors. Steroid use was a survival predictor

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Multiple autoimmune syndromes associated with psoriasis: a rare clinical presentation

Autoimmune diseases are known to have association with each other but it is very rare to see multiple autoimmune diseases in one patient. The combination of at least three autoimmune diseases in the same patient is referred to as multiple autoimmune syndrome. The case we are reporting features multiple autoimmune syndrome with five different conditions. The patient had type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, vitiligo, and psoriasis. Psoriasis has rarely been reported previously under the spectrum of autoimmune syndrome. Although the relationship of autoimmune conditions with each other has been explored in the past, this case adds yet another dimension to the unique evolution of autoimmune pathologies. The patient presented with a combination of five autoimmune diseases, which makes it consistent type three multiple autoimmune syndromes with the addition of psoriasis. The current case is unique in this aspect that the combination of these five autoimmune disorders has never been reported in the past

A comprehensive review on the synthesis of substituted piperazine and its novel bio-medicinal applications

Piperazine is two nitrogen containing heterocyclic compound. The fundamental activity of the piperazine is due to the 1,4-position of nitrogen atoms and their substitutions. The SN1 reaction is followed by the others alkylation and substitution reactions. Substituted piperazine derivatives hold an important position for the development of crucial drugs. They exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities e.g. antitubercular, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antidiabetic and antimalarial. Immense numbers of biological activities displayed by disubstituted piperazine derivatives are due to the presence of two nitrogen atoms in the ring. Keeping in mind their biological activity profile, a series of novel 1,4-substituted piperazine synthesized derivatives were collected. All the prepared derivatives are expected to show different biological activities particularly enzyme inhibition activities against α-Amylase

Culturally-adapted cognitive behavioural therapy based intervention for maternal depression: A mixed-methods feasibility study.

Abstract Background British Pakistanis are one of the largest ethnic minority groups living in the UK, with high rates of maternal depression being reported in this population. Evidence suggests that culturally-adapted Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)-based interventions for depression, may improve clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. This study was conducted to develop and test the feasibility and acceptability of a culturally-adapted, CBT-based, manual-assisted intervention in British Pakistani mothers experiencing maternal depression. Methods A mixed-method feasibility study that included qualitative interviews followed by the development of a CBT-based intervention for mothers with mild to moderate depression. Following the qualitative interviews, a CBT-based intervention called the Positive Health Program (PHP) was developed and delivered consisting of 12-weekly sessions. A before and after design was used to explore the feasibility and acceptability of the Positive Health Programme. Results A culturally-adapted CBT-based group intervention (PHP) was acceptable to this group and improvements were reported in depression and health-related quality of life. The women’s understanding of ‘depression’ as a general consensus was in physical terms, but with an onset triggered by psychosocial causes. The most commonly reported factors contributing to depression were marital disharmony, lack of social support, and financial difficulties. Past help offered was primarily antidepressants, which were not welcomed by most of the women. A lack of availability of culturally sensitive interventions and the limited cultural sensitivity of NHS staff was also reported. Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence for the feasibility and acceptability of a CBT-based culturally-adapted group psychological intervention for British Pakistani mothers. Trial registration Study ethics registration number: 10/H1005/62 (University of Manchester)

Electrochemical C–H/C–C Bond Oxygenation: A Potential Technology for Plastic Depolymerization

Herein, we provide eco-friendly and safely operated electrocatalytic methods for the selective oxidation directly or with water, air, light, metal catalyst or other mediators serving as the only oxygen supply. Heavy metals, stoichiometric chemical oxidants, or harsh conditions were drawbacks of earlier oxidative cleavage techniques. It has recently come to light that a crucial stage in the deconstruction of plastic waste and the utilization of biomass is the selective activation of inert C(sp3)–C/H(sp3) bonds, which continues to be a significant obstacle in the chemical upcycling of resistant polyolefin waste. An appealing alternative to chemical oxidations using oxygen and catalystsis direct or indirect electrochemical conversion. An essential transition in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries is the electrochemical oxidation of C–H/C–C bonds. In this review, we discuss cutting-edge approaches to chemically recycle commercial plastics and feasible C–C/C–H bondsoxygenation routes for industrial scale-up