Breakfast habits and differences regarding abdominal obesity in a cross-sectional study in Spanish adults: The ANIBES study

Background: Previous studies have indicated that breakfast has a protective effect against obesity. The aim of this study was to describe the breakfast habits of the Spanish adult population and to assess the possible association between breakfast frequency and the presence of abdominal obesity, in a cross-sectional analysis of the ANIBES Study. Methods: A representative sample of 1655 Spanish adults (aged 39±12 y; (mean±sd)) from the ANIBES Study was investigated. The final field work was carried out from mid-September to November (three months) 2013. Collected data included a dietary data collected by a 3-days food record, and health, socioeconomic, physical activity and anthropometric (weight, height and waist circumference) data. Abdominal obesity was defined as having a waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5. The adults were also classified into three groups based on the number of days they ate breakfast (never (0/3 days), sometimes (1-2/3 days) and always (3/3 days)). Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between breakfast and abdominal obesity. Results: In total, 3.6% of adults skipped breakfast and 14.1% ate breakfast sometimes. Having always breakfast was negatively associated with abdominal obesity [OR = 0.738 (0.558–0.975) p = 0.033]. The odds of abdominal obesity after full adjustment (age, gender, and educational and activity level) were 1.5 times higher for those who skipped breakfast when compared to those who always have breakfast. By correcting the model considered for other variables, the odds among smokers decreased when they have breakfast sometimes [OR = 0.032 (0.003–0.387) p = 0.007] and always [OR = 0.023 (0.002–0.270) p = 0.003] comparing with smokers who skip breakfast. Conclusion: Breakfast frequency could be negatively associated with abdominal obesity, especially among smokers.ANIBES Study was financially supported by Coca Cola Iberia through an agreement with the Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN)

Updating the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines for the Spanish Population: The Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) Proposal

Diet-related risk factors and physical inactivity are among the leading risk factors for disability and are responsible for a large proportion of the burden of chronic non-communicable diseases. Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) are useful tools for nutrition policies and public health strategies to promote healthier eating and physical activity. In this paper, we discuss the process followed in developing the dietary guidelines for the Spanish population by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) and further explain the collaboration with primary healthcare practitioners as presented in the context of the NUTRIMAD 2018 international congress of SENC. From a health in all policies approach, SENC convened a group of experts in nutrition and public health to review the evidence on diet-health, nutrient intake and food consumption in the Spanish population, as well as food preparation, determinants and impact of diet on environmental sustainability. The collaborative group drafted the document and designed the graphic icon, which was then subject to a consultation process, discussion, and qualitative evaluation. Next, a collaborative group was established to plan a dissemination strategy, involving delegates from all the primary healthcare scientific societies in Spain. A product of this collaboration was the release of an attractive, easy-to-understand publication

Assessment of nutritional risk among in-school adolescents from Cantabria

Seminario “Promoción de hábitos saludables en adolescentes desde el ámbito educativo”.Objetivo: Evaluar el riesgo nutricional, por edad y sexo, que presentan los adolescentes escolarizados en la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria. Sujetos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, analizando una muestra de 1101 adolescentes, de los que 51,6% eran varones y 48,4% fueron mujeres de edades comprendidas entre los 10 y los 17 años, escolarizados en centros de enseñanza pública, mediante el cuestionario Krece Plus. Resultados: Se observa un elevado porcentaje de ado- lescentes que presentan un riesgo nutricional elevado (35%). Los varones presentan un riesgo nutricional alto en un porcentaje ligeramente superior a las mujeres (37,8 % vs 32,1%). Además, el riesgo nutricional alto sufre un notable incremento a medida que la edad de los jóvenes aumenta. Se aprecian diferencias estadísticamente signi- ficativas tanto en los grupos de edad de los varones (p = 0,024), de las mujeres (p < 0,001) como en el grupo global (p = 0,001). En los tres casos, la distribución del riego nutricional en los grupos de menor edad es muy similar (entre 35,2 y 35,8% en los h , entre 27,9 y 29,7% en las m , y entre 31,7 y 32,7% en el grupo total). Mientras que en el grupo de mayor edad estos valores prácticamente se duplican (57,1% en los h , 69,0% en las m , y 62,2 % en el grupo total). Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos muestran una realidad preocupante debido, principalmente, al elevado porcentaje de adolescentes que presentan un riesgo nutri- cional elevado. Siendo los varones y los adolescentes de mayor edad los sectores en los que este riesgo nutricional elevado es superior.Objective: To analyse nutritional risk, by age and sex, among primary and secondary education adolescents from Cantabria. Methodology: a cross-sectional study was carried out, analysing a sample of 1101 adolescents: 568 (51.6%) were men and 533 (48.4%) were women, aged 12 to 17, attending 16 different primary and secondary education centres in Cantabria, by means of a Krece Plus questionnaire. Results: A high percentage of adolescents with a high nutritional risk (35%) can be observed. Men show a high nutritional risk slightly higher than women (37.8% h vs 32.1% m ). Moreover, the high nutritional risk expe riences a notable increase as young people get older. Significant statistical differences can be seen both in male and female groups, and as a global group. In all three cases, the nutritional risk distribution in the youngest group is very similar (35.2-35.8% in h , 27.9-29.7% in m , 31.7-32.7% in the global group); whereas in elder adolescents, those values are practically doubled (57.1% in h , 69.0% in m , y 62.2% in the global group). Conclusions: Results are alarming mainly given the high percentage of adolescents with a high nutritional risk. Men and older adolescents are the groups in which high nutritional risk is more evident

Ibero-American Consensus on Low- and No-Calorie Sweeteners: Safety, Nutritional Aspects and Benefits in Food and Beverages

International scientific experts in food, nutrition, dietetics, endocrinology, physical activity, paediatrics, nursing, toxicology and public health met in Lisbon on 2-4 July 2017 to develop a Consensus on the use of low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) as substitutes for sugars and other caloric sweeteners. LNCS are food additives that are broadly used as sugar substitutes to sweeten foods and beverages with the addition of fewer or no calories. They are also used in medicines, health-care products, such as toothpaste, and food supplements. The goal of this Consensus was to provide a useful, evidence-based, point of reference to assist in efforts to reduce free sugars consumption in line with current international public health recommendations. Participating experts in the Lisbon Consensus analysed and evaluated the evidence in relation to the role of LNCS in food safety, their regulation and the nutritional and dietary aspects of their use in foods and beverages. The conclusions of this Consensus were: (1) LNCS are some of the most extensively evaluated dietary constituents, and their safety has been reviewed and confirmed by regulatory bodies globally including the World Health Organisation, the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Food Safety Authority; (2) Consumer education, which is based on the most robust scientific evidence and regulatory processes, on the use of products containing LNCS should be strengthened in a comprehensive and objective way; (3) The use of LNCS in weight reduction programmes that involve replacing caloric sweeteners with LNCS in the context of structured diet plans may favour sustainable weight reduction. Furthermore, their use in diabetes management programmes may contribute to a better glycaemic control in patients, albeit with modest results. LNCS also provide dental health benefits when used in place of free sugars; (4) It is proposed that foods and beverages with LNCS could be included in dietary guidelines as alternative options to products sweetened with free sugars; (5) Continued education of health professionals is required, since they are a key source of information on issues related to food and health for both the general population and patients. With this in mind, the publication of position statements and consensus documents in the academic literature are extremely desirable

Una ingesta inadecuada de manganeso podría contribuir a la aparición de resistencia a la insulina en niñas An inadequate intake of manganese may favour insulin resistance in girls

Objetivo: Estudiar la relación entre la adecuación de la ingesta de manganeso (Mn) y los niveles de glucosa, de insulina y la existencia de resistencia a la insulina en escolares sanos de la Comunidad de Madrid (España). Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 573 escolares entre 8 y 13 años. La ingesta de energía y nutrientes (entre ellos el Mn) se determinó mediante un registro del consumo de alimentos durante 3 días. La ingesta de Mn se comparó con las Ingestas Adecuadas (IA) existentes para dicho mineral. Los parámetros antropométricos estudiados fueron el peso y la talla y se determinó el índice de masa corporal (IMC) a partir de los mismos. Se determinaron los niveles de insulina y glucosa en ayunas y se calculó el índice HOMA para determinar la presencia de resistencia a la insulina en los escolares. Resultados: Las niñas con ingesta de Mn inadecuadas (no llegaron a cubrir el 100% de las IA) presentaron, a su vez, mayores niveles de insulina y de HOMA que las niñas con ingestas superiores o iguales al 100% de las IA marcadas. Al tener en cuenta diferentes factores de confusión (ingesta energética, ingesta de hidratos de carbono y lípidos, IMC y edad), se observó una relación positiva y significativa entre la cobertura de las IA de Mn y los niveles de HOMA en niñas. Conclusión: Se destaca la importancia de cubrir el 100% de las IA de Mn en las niñas con el fin de prevenir la aparición de resistencia a la insulina y una futura diabetes tipo 2.Aim: to study the relationship between an adequate manganese (Mn) intake and glucose, insulin levels and insulin resistance among healthy children from Madrid (Spain). Materials and methods: 573 schoolchildren between 8 and 13 years old were studied. Energy and nutrients intake (especially Mn) was calculated with a "3-day diet record". Mn intake was compared to Adequate Intakes (AI) for this mineral. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Fasting glucose and insulin were determined and the HOMA index was calculated to establish the presence of insulin resistance in children. Results: Girls with and inadequate intake (below the 100% of the AI value) had higher insulin and HOMA values than girls with adequate AI values (equal or higher to 100% of AI). Having in mind confounding factors (energy, carbohydrates and lipids intake, BMI and age), a significant positive correlation was found between the contribution of Mn intake to AI and HOMA levels in girls. Conclusion: It seems important to ensure an adequate Mn intake in girls in order to prevent insulin resistance and diabetes type 2 in the future

Hábitos alimentarios y su relación con los conocimientos, respecto al concepto de dieta equilibrada, de un colectivo de mujeres jóvenes con sobrepeso/obesidad Dietary habits and their relationship with the knowledge on the concept of a balanced diet in a group of young women with overweight/obesity

Objetivo: Conocer los hábitos de alimentación de una población de mujeres con sobrepeso/obesidad y sus conocimientos sobre el concepto de alimentación correcta para poder diseñar campañas de educación nutricional dirigidas a este colectivo. Material y métodos: Se ha estudiado un colectivo de 67 mujeres de 20 a 35 años y con Índice de Masa Corporal entre 24 y 35 kg/m², que fueron interrogados sobre su frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, junto con la que consideraban correcta para lograr una alimentación equilibrada. Resultados: Las mujeres estudiadas consumían con mayor frecuencia aceites (4,3 &plusmn; 4,5 veces/semana) y dulces (2,5 &plusmn; 3,6 veces/semana) y menos veces agua (-19,1 &plusmn; 22,7 veces/semana), verduras (-4,3 &plusmn; 5,7 veces/semana), frutas (-3,7 &plusmn; 6,2 veces/semana), legumbres (-1,3 &plusmn; 2,0 veces/semana) y pescado (-2,2 &plusmn; 3,7 veces/semana) de lo que creían que debían consumir. Al comparar lo que declaran consumir con lo marcado como consumo mínimo aconsejable para los diferentes grupos de alimentos, se comprueba que es necesario aumentar el consumo de cereales y legumbres, el de frutas y verduras y, en menor media el de pescados y huevos. Conclusiones: Ante los hábitos alimentarios incorrectos observados en la población con sobrepeso/obesidad, sería conveniente realizar campañas de educación nutricional. Con esta educación se podría mejorar la dieta de toda la población y se evitaría, en muchos casos, la aparición de sobrepeso y obesidad. Además, en los casos en los que ya estuviera presente dicha patología, se evitaría el seguimiento de pautas que suelen ser perjudiciales para la salud y también para el control de peso.Objective: To know the dietary habits of a population of women with overweight/obesity and their knowledge on the concept of proper feeding in order to design nutrition educational campaigns focused on this population. Materials and methods: A group of 67 women, aged 20 to 35 years with body mass index 24-35 kg/m² were asked about their frequency of food intake and what they thought to be correct to achieve a balanced diet. Results: Studied women more frequently consumed oils (4.3 &plusmn; 4.5 times/week) and sweets (2.5 &plusmn; 3.6 times/week) and less frequently water (-19.1 &plusmn; 22.7 times/week), vegetables (-4.3 &plusmn; 5.7 times/week), fruits (-3.7 &plusmn; 6.2 times/week), legumes (-1.3 &plusmn; 2.0 times/week) and fish (-2.2 &plusmn; 3.7 times/week) than what they thought they should consume. When comparing what they declare to consume to what has been established as minimal recommended intake for the different groups of foods it is observed that the intake of grains and legumes, fruits and vegetables, and slightly less that of fish and eggs, should de increased. Conclusions: given the incorrect dietary habits observed in a population of women with overweight/obesity, it should be convenient to carry out nutrition educational campaigns. This education could help improve the diet of all the population and the occurrence of overweight and obesity could be prevented in many cases. Besides, in those cases in which the pathology is already present, this could prevent following regimens that are harmful for the health and for weight management

Respuesta ante un programa de control de peso basado en la aproximación de la dieta al ideal teórico Response to a weight control program based on aproximating the diet to its theoretical ideal

El control de peso corporal es uno de los objetivos sanitarios prioritarios, por ser la obesidad un factor de riesgo de diversas enfermedades degenerativas, frecuentes en sociedades desarrolladas, y por el incremento constante en el número de personas con sobrepeso/obesidad que deben hacer frente a este problema. Objetivo: Analizar la respuesta ante un programa de pérdida de peso basado en la aproximación de la dieta al ideal teórico (incrementando el consumo de los alimentos para los que se observa mayor alejamiento entre consumo real y aconsejado: cereales y verduras). Sujetos: Se ha estudiado un colectivo de 67 mujeres de 20 a 35 años y con índice de masa corporal (IMC) comprendido entre 24 y 35 kg/m2, que después de realizar un estudio inicial, fueron incluidas al azar en dos grupos encaminados a conseguir un mejor control del peso corporal y a aproximar la dieta al ideal teórico. Intervenciones: En ambos grupos se aconsejó una dieta ligeramente hipocalórica, pero en uno de ellos la pauta principal era el seguimiento de una dieta con mayor contenido en verduras y hortalizas (H), y en el otro grupo se aconsejó un incremento en el consumo de cereales (especialmente cereales de desayuno) (C). En el presente estudio se presentan datos dietéticos (obtenidos por "Registro del consumo de alimentos" durante 3 días, incluyendo un domingo) y antropométricos, obtenidos al comienzo del estudio, y a las 2 y 6 semanas de iniciar la intervención. Resultados: Con ambos tipos de intervención se consiguió una aproximación del perfil calórico de las dietas al ideal aconsejado, con disminución de la cantidad de energía procedente de grasa y aumento de la procedente de hidratos de carbono (tanto en la semana 2, como en la 6), aunque la modificación fue estadísticamente más acusada con la dieta C. Completaron el estudio 57 mujeres que presentaron una reducción media del peso corporal de 2,4 &plusmn; 1,4 kg, siendo superior la pérdida de peso en el grupo C (2,8 &plusmn; 1,4 kg), respecto al grupo H (2,0 &plusmn; 1,3 kg) (p Obesity is a risk factor for a number of degenerative diseases common in industrial societies and the number of overweight/obese people continues to grow. The control of body weight is therefore a priority public health objective. Objective: To analyze the response to a weight loss program based on approximating the diet to the theoretical ideal (by increasing the consumption of recommended foods under-represented in the diet: cereals and vegetables). Subjects: The study involved 67 women aged between 20 and 35 years with a body mass index (BMI) of between 24 and 35 kg/m2. These women were randomly assigned to two groups with the aim of improving weight control and of approximating the diet to the theoretical ideal. Interventions: Both groups were advised to follow a slightly hypocaloric diet, but with one group increasing the intake of greens and vegetables (H) and the other increasing the intake of cereals (especially breakfast cereals) (C). Dietary data were obtained via the keeping of a daily food record over three days, including a Sunday. Anthropometric data were obtained at the start of the study and again 2 and 6 weeks later. Results: Both treatments approximated the energy profile of the diets to the theoretical ideal. The amount of energy gained from lipids fell and that gained from carbohydrates increased (bothat 2 and 6 weeks), significantly more so for group C. Fifty seven women completed the study and showed a mean reduction in body weight of 2.4 &plusmn; 1.4 kg. The weight lost by group C was significantly greater than that lost by group H (2.8 &plusmn; 1.4 kg compared to 2.0 &plusmn; 1.3 kg; p < 0.05). The women who followed diet C showed a greater number of skin folds of significantly reduced size, both at 2 and 6 weeks. More group C women completed the study (93.5% compared to 77.8% of group H women). Conclusion: In overweight or slightly obese women, approximating the diet to the theoretical ideal (by increasing the intake of vegetables of cereals) can help to control body weight and improve the quality of the diet (both in terms of the number and size of food rations, and the overall energy profile). The present results show that increasing the consumption of breakfast cereals may be of particular use owing to their high fiber, vitamin and iron contents

Usual Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy and Food Sources of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Vitamin D of Spanish Children Aged One to dagger

Bone problems in the population begin to be establish in childhood. The present study aims to assess the usual calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D intakes, along with the food sources of these nutrients, in Spanish children participating in the EsNuPI (Estudio Nutricional en Poblacion Infantil Espanola) study. Two 24 h dietary recalls were applied to 1448 children (1 to <10 years) divided into two sub-samples: one reference sample (RS) of the general population [n = 707] and another sample which exclusively included children consuming enriched or fortified milks, here called "adapted milks" (AMS) [n = 741]. Estimation of the usual intake shows that nutrient intake increased with age for all nutrients except vitamin D. Using as reference the Dietary Reference Values from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), calcium and magnesium intakes were found to be below the average requirement (AR) and adequate intake (AI), respectively, in a considerable percentage of children. Furthermore, phosphorus exceeded the AI in 100% of individuals and vitamin D was lower than the AI in almost all children studied. The results were very similar when considering only plausible reporters. When analyzing the food sources of the nutrients studied, milk and dairy products contributed the most to calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D. Other sources of calcium were cereals and vegetables; for phosphorus: meat, meat products, and cereals; for magnesium: cereals and fruits; and, for vitamin D: fish and eggs. These results highlight the desirability of improving the intake concerning these nutrients, which are involved in bone and metabolic health in children. The AMS group appeared to contribute better to the adequacy of those nutrients than the RS group, but both still need further improvement. Of special interest are the results of vitamin D intakes, which were significantly higher in the AMS group (although still below the AI), independent of age

Evaluation of nutritional profile and total antioxidant capacity of the Mediterranean diet of southern Spain

The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant capacity of a Mediterranean diet consisting typical dishes from southern Spain. For that, a 5-day diet was developed with typical dishes of Murcia. The antioxidant capacity of the diet was measured using ORACHF, FRAP, and DPPH methods, and the total phenolic compound content of this diet was estimated by Folin–Ciocalteu. About 50% of the antioxidant capacity and 29% of the phenolic compounds per day came from sample 14 (artichokes with ham), whereas only 1% and a 4%, respectively, proceed from sample 16 (gypsy pot). The total antioxidant capacity of the diet was estimated as 9,506.33 ET/100 g/person/day by the ORACHF method, and the total phenolic consume was estimated as 1,839.05 mg GAE/person/day. The proposed diet can be considered an excellent strategy for improving the nutritional status of the population because of its high antioxidant activity and phenolic compound content