Low-pressure liquid CO2 terminal - a model study of the loading of a liquid CO2 tanker

Low-pressure liquid CO2 terminal - a model study of the loading of a liquid CO2 tankeracceptedVersio

Vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the carbon dioxide and oxygen (CO2 + O2) system at the temperatures 218, 233, 253, 273, 288 and 298 K and pressures up to 14 MPa

Accurate thermophysical data for the CO2-rich mixtures relevant for carbon capture, transport and storage (CCS) are essential for the development of the accurate equations of state (EOS) and models needed for the design and operation of the processes within CCS. Vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements for the binary system CO2 + O2 are reported at 218, 233, 253, 273, 288 and 298 K, with estimated standard uncertainties of maximum 8 mK in temperature, maximum 3 kPa in pressure, and maximum 0.0031 in the mole fractions of the phases in the mixture critical regions, and 0.0005 in the mole fractions outside the critical regions. These measurements are compared with existing data. Although some data exists, there are little trustworthy literature data around critical conditions, and the measurements in the present work indicate a need to revise the parameters of existing models. The data in the present work has significantly less scatter than most of the literature data, and range from the vapor pressure of pure CO2 to close to the mixture critical point pressure at all six temperatures. With the measurements in the present work, the data situation for the CO2 + O2 system is significantly improved, forming the basis to develop better equations of state for the system. A scaling law model is fitted to the critical region data of each isotherm, and high accuracy estimates for the critical composition and pressure are found. The Peng-Robinson EOS with the alpha correction by Mathias and Copeman, the mixing rules by Wong and Sandler, and the NRTL excess Gibbs energy model is fitted to the data in the present work, with a maximum absolute average deviation of 0.01 in mole fraction.acceptedVersio

Vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the carbon dioxide and nitrogen (CO2+N2) system at the temperatures 223, 270, 298 and 303 K and pressures up to 18 MPa

A new setup for the measurement of vapor-liquid phase equilibria of CO2-rich mixtures relevant for carbon capture and storage (CCS) transport conditions is presented. An isothermal analytical method with a variable volume cell is used. The apparatus is capable of highly accurate measurements in terms of pressure, temperature and composition, also in the critical region. Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) measurements for the binary system CO2+N2 are reported at 223, 270, 298 and 303 K, with estimated standard uncertainties of maximum 0.006 K in the temperature, maximum 0.003 MPa in the pressure, and maximum 0.0004 in the mole fractions of the phases. These measurements are verified against existing data. Although some data exists, there is little trustworthy data around critical conditions, and our data indicate a need to revise the parameters of existing models. A fit made against our data of the vapor-liquid equilibrium prediction of GERG-2008/EOS-CG for CO2+N2 is presented. At 223 and 298 K, the critical region of the isotherm are fitted using a scaling law, and high accuracy estimates for the critical composition and pressure are found

Bubble dynamics in DNA

The formation of local denaturation zones (bubbles) in double-stranded DNA is an important example for conformational changes of biological macromolecules. We study the dynamics of bubble formation in terms of a Fokker-Planck equation for the probability density to find a bubble of size n base pairs at time t, on the basis of the free energy in the Poland-Scheraga model. Characteristic bubble closing and opening times can be determined from the corresponding first passage time problem, and are sensitive to the specific parameters entering the model. A multistate unzipping model with constant rates recently applied to DNA breathing dynamics [G. Altan-Bonnet et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 138101 (2003)] emerges as a limiting case.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure

Развитие бухгалтерского учета паевых взносов в организациях потребительской кооперации Республики Беларусь

В статье рассматриваются основные внешние и внутренние угрозы функционирования организаций торговой отрасли системы потребительской кооперации. Автором обоснована система показателей оценки экономических рисков и качества управленческой деятельности субъектов хозяйствования

Entropy loss in long-distance DNA looping

The entropy loss due to the formation of one or multiple loops in circular and linear DNA chains is calculated from a scaling approach in the limit of long chain segments. The analytical results allow to obtain a fast estimate for the entropy loss for a given configuration. Numerical values obtained for some examples suggest that the entropy loss encountered in loop closure in typical genetic switches may become a relevant factor which has to be overcome by the released bond energy between the looping contact sites.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Testing the IMEter on rice introns and other aspects of intron-mediated enhancement of gene expression

In many eukaryotes, spliceosomal introns are able to influence the level and site of gene expression. The mechanism of this Intron Mediated Enhancement (IME) has not yet been elucidated, but regulation of gene expression is likely to occur at several steps during and after transcription. Different introns have different intrinsic enhancing properties, but the determinants of these differences remain unknown. Recently, an algorithm called IMEter, which is able to predict the IME potential of introns without direct testing, has been proposed. A computer program was developed for Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa L.), but was only tested experimentally in Arabidopsis by measuring the enhancement effect on GUS expression of different introns inserted within otherwise identical plasmids. To test the IMEter potential in rice, a vector bearing the upstream regulatory sequence of a rice β-tubulin gene (OsTub6) fused to the GUS reporter gene was used. The enhancing intron interrupting the OsTub6 5′-UTR was precisely replaced by seven other introns carrying different features. GUS expression level in transiently transformed rice calli does not significantly correlate with the calculated IMEter score. It was also found that enhanced GUS expression was mainly due to a strong increase in the mRNA steady-state level and that mutations at the splice recognition sites almost completely abolished the enhancing effect. Splicing also appeared to be required for IME in Arabidopsis cell cultures, where failure of the OsTub6 5′ region to drive high level gene expression could be rescued by replacing the poorly spliced rice intron with one from Arabidopsis