Поетика культури як проблемна галузь культурологічних досліджень

The purpose of the article is to clarify the meaning of the concept "poetics of culture" in the context of culture studies.The methodology is based on comparative-analytical, hermeneutical and semantic approaches. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the first time the basic structural components of the concept "poetics of culture" have been singled out. Among them there are the following: the cultural picture of the world, the "point of view"; the image of culture; temporal and topological representations; representation of the human person place in the world; the system of meaningful cultural meanings; the main means of expressiveness in the results of artistic human cognition of the world and himself. Conclusions: During the second half of the 20th century, the concept of "poetics"was carried out in scientific and theoretical studies from the category of philological concepts to the category of culture studies concepts. The concept of poetics is used bothforthevarietyofculturalphenomenaandforanalysisofcultureasawhole,whichshouldbeconsideredquitejustified.Цель работы – выяснить смысл концепта "поэтика культуры" в контексте культурологии. Методология исследования базируется на компаративно-аналитическом, герменевтическом и семантическом подходах. Науч-ная новизна работы заключается в том, что впервые выделены основные структурные составляющие концепта "поэтика культуры". Среди них:культурная картина мира, "точка зрения"; образ культуры; темпорально-топологические представления; представление о месте человека в мире;системазначимых культурных смыс-лов ;основные средства выразительности в результатах художественного познания человеком мира и самого се-бя. Выводы. Установлено, что на протяжении второй половины ХХ века в научно-теоретических исследованиях осуществился переход понятия "поэтика" из разряда филологических понятий в разряд активно применяемых культурологических концептов. Понятие поэтики применяется как для анализа самых разных культурных явле-ний, так и по отношению к культуре в целом, что следует признать вполне обоснованным.Мета – з’ясувати зміст концепту "поетика культури" в контексті культурології. Методологія дослідження базується на компаративно-аналітичному, герменевтичному та семантичному підходах. Наукова новизна роботи полягає в тому, що вперше виділені основні структурні складові концепту "поетика культури". Серед них: культур-на картина світу, "точка зору"; образ культури; темпорально-топологічні уявлення; уявлення про місце людини в світі; система значущих культурних смислів; основні засоби виразності в результатах художнього пізнання люди-ною світу і самої себе. Висновки. Встановлено, що протягом другої половини ХХ століття в науково-теоретичних дослідженнях здійснився перехід поняття "поетика" з розряду філологічних понять до розряду культурологічних концептів, що активно застосовуються. Поняття поетики вживається як для аналізу найрізноманітніших культур-них явищ, так і по відношенню до культури загалом, що слід визнати цілком обґрунтованим

Role of intermediate filament desmin in development of desmin-related myopathy

Desmin is a major intermediate filament of muscle cells, serving to transmit mechanical forces and propagate mechanochemical signals, to coordinate contraction and relaxation cycles, and to stabilize the positioning of cellular organelles, e.g. mitochondria. Around 70 desmin gene mutations have been reported in conjunction with desmin-related myopathy. Desmin-related myopathy can be described as pathophysiological complex, accompanied by desmin intracellular aggregate accumulation and impairment of desmin interactions with structural proteins, signal molecules, and cell organelles. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying desmin-related myopathy have not been described yet. There are speculations if it is connected with toxic effects of desmin aggregates or with violation of desmin mechanotransduction functions. The general aim of the present PhD project was to extend existing knowledge about the molecular machinery on how desmin gene mutations lead to the development of desmin-related myopathy, with an emphasis on development of cardiomyopathies. To address this aim the following research questions were stated: (i) genetic study of a group of patients with cardiomyopathies in order to describe novel mutations in the desmin gene, and to assess the frequency of DES A213V; (ii) genetic study by means of next-generation sequencing approach of a group of patients with idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy in order to describe novel genetic variants associated with disease; (iii) functional study of desmin gene point mutations effect on mitochondrial properties. The main findings regarding genetic background were: (i) DES A213V represents a disease-modifying polymorphism, rather than disease-related mutation, since it was found both in patients and healthy donors; (ii) combination of disease-related– disease-modifying or disease-related–disease-related genetic variants, rather than single disease-related mutation, determined the development of idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy. Most proteins of these combinations belonged to four functional groups: sarcomeric contractile proteins, mechanosensing Z-disc proteins, nuclear membrane, and outer mitochondrial membrane proteins. Functional studies of the impact of desmin mutations on mitochondria showed that aggregate-prone mutations decreased mitochondrial calcium uptake, as well as depressed maximal oxygen consumption rate and spare respiratory capacity. In contrast, non-aggregate-prone mutations did not disturb mitochondrial calcium. They did, however, result in the reduction of maximal oxygen consumption rate and affected spare respiratory capacity. To conclude, (i) distortion of desmin mechanotransduction functions plays an important role in desmin-related myopathy onset, affecting mitochondrial properties; (ii) combination of mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric contractile and mechanosensing proteins, rather than a single mutation, predisposes to the development of cardiomyopathy. These data facilitate understanding of molecular pathways underlying desmin-related myopathy development, and increase existing knowledge of intracellular interactions within the muscle cell

Calanus in the North Atlantic : species identification, stress response, and population genetic structure

Doctoral thesis (PhD) – University of Nordland, 201

Образ коренного народа Сибири в творчестве Д.И. Каратанова

The subject of this article is the reflection of the Siberian indigenous people, the Kets (or so called “the Ostyaks”) in works by D.I. Karatanov. The aim of the research is achieved by analysis of individual features of these works – portraits, landscapes and many-figured scenes of everyday life. In this research were used such methods as structural and semantic analysis of art works, revelation and analysis of main compositional patterns, consideration of immanation and emanation parts of an artistic image. Following the results of the research, work plays the role of a fore-praying to the nature in the life of Kets fishermen. The result can be used in art sphere of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, history and culture of the Siberian Region and in researches dedicated to national and cultural identit

TOURIST HIKING IN THE SYSTEM OF RSC RLD

The article examines the problems of introducing one of the tests of the RLD Complex – a tourist trek. The authors consider the components of the tourist campaign as a kind of physical culture and sports activity. It is proposed to optimize this test for a wider use of its potentialВ статье рассматриваются проблемы внедрения одного из испытаний Комплекса ГТО – туристический поход. Рассмотрены составляющие туристического похода как вида физкультурно-спортивной деятельности и способа социализации молодёжи. Предлагается оптимизировать данное испытание для более широкого использования его потенциальных возможностей

МОНАСТИР ТА ІНТЕРНЕТ: ДО ПРОБЛЕМИ НОВАТОРСТВА В КУЛЬТУРІ ПРАВОСЛАВНОГО ЧЕРНЕЦТВА

The scientific relevance of researching of the culture of Orthodox monasticism is connected with the influence of religion (both modernistic and traditional forms of it) on the formation of a new picture of the world. It is known that the basic settings of the culture of Orthodox monasticism are not identical to the installation of modern secular culture. However, the Institute of Orthodox monastery does not disappear, but is gaining an impulse to revive. In this regard, there is a need to investigate the ways of integrating of modern social and cultural realities in the context of the culture of Orthodox monasticism (particularly, the example of the phenomenon of the Internet and virtual reality), that is the purpose of this article. Such an approach has not yet found the consideration of modern cultural studies.The relations of the culture of Orthodox monasticism with the different types of innovations are complex and dialectical. On the one hand, the very emergence of Christianity gave rise to a number of fundamentally new phenomena in the sphere of culture. On the other hand, the concept of a "culture of monasticism" much more familiar combined with the words "tradition", "conservative" than the concept of "innovation". This complexity is solved by the introduction of concepts "monastic culture" and "monastery culture".Since its inception, the culture of Orthodox monasticism is represented in its two "faces", traditionally denoted as an eremite life and a cenobitic one. At the same time, the differences between these types are not only different forms of monastic life, but penetrate into the deeper layers of attitude. This allows us to substantiate the existence in the culture of Orthodox monasticism its two types – "monastery culture" (socially-oriented, active monasticism) and "monastic culture" (a contemplative monastic direction).The monastic culture acts as a type of culture, highly closed from innovation. The practice of prayer passed the test of time and is related to the deep structure of the human person. However, there is a place for individual specifics passing prayer feat, so and for a certain degree of innovation. In the area of monastery culture innovations have the nature of the searching for the new ways of service to others, for interacting with the world.Among the innovations there is the presence of the monasteries in the Internet space. This presence is quite diverse. However, the attitude to the Internet and the phenomenon of virtual reality in the church community and among a number of scientists is ambiguous. Here you can trace the presence of three points of view. S.S. Horuzhy, for example, believes that virtual reality does not appear as a stand-alone kind of being, but as flickering existence.Some church leaders do not accept the expression "virtual reality", considering that the task of the Church is to testify the world about the only and the most real reality which is the existence of God, any removal of which is fatal to humans. The frequent finding in social network does not allow at the same time to be true to practice of the ancient ascetics, bequeath to be terse collected, remain in his cell and leave the monastery only when it is absolutely necessary.From the point of view of the Orthodox monasticism, it is unacceptable committing online-confessions and other religious rites on the web. Patriarch Kirill also considers the Internet as a great temptation.An interesting fact today is the emergence of a number of terms that emerged from the "intersection" of monastic practices and realities of the information society. Such, for example, are "mediaasceticism", "informational abstinence", "theology of communication" and others. They reflect the desire of the people to control their presence in the Internet space.The "Centrist" position on the compatibility of the virtual and religious factor of modern life takes A. N. Krylov, assuming that the virtual identity is able to some extent to replace and displace religious identity, but at the same time to maintain and strengthen it.There is a view (for example, of abbot Peter (Meshcherinov)) that the work on the Internet is quite consistent with the monastic vocation.Thus, in the context of detecting the presence in the culture of monasticism its two types – "monastic" and "monastery" cultures, it seems justified that for the monastic culture the Internet, of course, acts as a corrupting anddangerous factor. For the monastic culture, by contrast, it is an organic using for the Christian mission this resource,which is giving a wider audience and new opportunities. For the monastic culture innovation, first of all, is the process of creation of a new identity, its "birth". For the monastic culture innovation is a new approach in the field of social service, new channels of the rescue mission.In the culture of Orthodox monasticism in the recognition of the Christian dogma is observed the unity, and in their implementation, living in harmony with the tenets is freedom of search.В статье на примере интернета рассмотрены пути включения современных социокультурных реалий в контекст культуры православного монашества (понимаемой как органичное соотношение двух ее типов – монашеской и монастырской культур). Определено, что для монашеской культуры интернет выступает разлагающим и опасным фактором. Для монастырской культуры, напротив, органичным есть использование в целях христианской миссии этого ресурса, формирующего более широкую аудиторию и новые возможности.У статті на прикладі інтернету розглянуті шляхи включення сучасних соціокультурних реалій у контекст культури православного чернецтва (що розуміється як органічне співвідношення двох її типів – чернечої і монастирської культур). Визначено, що для чернечої культури інтернет виступає фактором небезпечним і таким, що розбещує. Для монастирської культури, навпаки, органічним є використання з метою християнської місії цього ресурсу, що розширює аудиторію і нові можливості

Study of strength properties of ceramic composites with soft filler based on 3D computer simulation

The movable cellular automaton method which is a computational method of particle mechanics is applied to simulating uniaxial compression of 3D specimens of a ceramic composite. Soft inclusions were considered explicitly by changing the sort (properties) of automata selected randomly from the original fcc packing. The distribution of inclusions in space, their size, and the total fraction were varied. For each value of inclusion fraction, there were generated several representative specimens with individual pore position in space. The resulting magnitudes of the elastic modulus and strength of the specimens were scattered and well described by the Weibull distribution. We showed that to reveal the dependence of the elastic and strength properties of the composite on the inclusion fraction it is much better to consider the mathematical expectation of the corresponding Weibull distribution, rather than the average of the values for the specimens of the same inclusion fraction. It is shown that the relation between the mechanical properties of material and its inclusion fraction depends significantly on the material structure. Namely, percolation transition from isolated inclusions to interconnected clusters of inclusions strongly manifests itself in the dependence of strength on the fraction of inclusions. Thus, the curve of strength versus inclusion fraction fits different equations for a different kind of structure

Probabilistic approach for analysis of strength of ceramics with different porous structure based on movable cellular automaton modeling

Movable cellular automaton method which is a computational method of particle mechanics is applied to simulating uniaxial compression of 3D porous ceramic specimens. Pores were considered explicitly by removing automata selected randomly from the original fcc packing. Distribution of pores in space, their size and the total fraction were varied. For each values of porosity there were generated several represented specimens with individual pore position in space. The resulting values of elastic modulus and strength of the specimens were scattered and well described by the Weibull distribution. We showed that to reveal dependence of the elastic and strength properties on porosity it is much better to consider not average of the values for the specimens of the same porosity, but the mathematical expectation of the corresponding Weibull distribution. It is shown that relation between mechanical properties of the material and its porosity depends significantly on pore structure. Namely, percolation transition from closed porosity to interconnected pores strongly manifests itself on strength dependence on porosity. Thus, the curve of strength versus porosity fits different equations for different kind of pore structure. Composite ceramics which pores are filled by plastic filler shows the similar behavior