Spin-polarized electronic structure of the core-shell ZnO/ZnO:Mn nanowires probed by x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy

The combination of x-ray spectroscopy methods complemented with theoretical analysis unravels the coexistence of paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases in the Zn_0.9Mn_0.1O shell deposited onto array of wurtzite ZnO nanowires. The shell is crystalline with orientation toward the ZnO growth axis, as demonstrated by X-ray linear dichroism. EXAFS analysis confirmed that more than 90% of Mn atoms substituted Zn in the shell while fraction of secondary phases was below 10%. The value of manganese spin magnetic moment was estimated from the Mn K{\beta} X-ray emission spectroscopy to be 4.3{\mu}B which is close to the theoretical value for substitutional Mn_Zn. However the analysis of L_2,3 x-ray magnetic circular dichroism data showed paramagnetic behaviour with saturated spin magnetic moment value of 1.95{\mu}B as determined directly from the spin sum rule. After quantitative analysis employing atomic multiplet simulations such difference was explained by a coexistence of paramagnetic phase and local antiferromagnetic coupling of Mn magnetic moments. Finally, spin-polarized electron density of states was probed by the spin-resolved Mn K-edge XANES spectroscopy and consequently analyzed by band structure calculations.Comment: Supplementary information available at http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/ja/c3/c3ja50153a/c3ja50153a.pdf J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 201

Relationship of methane consumption with the respiration of soil and grass-moss layers in forest ecosystems of the southern taiga in Western Siberia

The consumption of methane by some soils in the southern taiga of Western Siberia was studied by the static chamber method in the summer of 2013. The median of the specific CH4 flux through the soil was −0.05 mg C/(m2 h) for the entire set of measurements (the negative flux indicates the consumption of methane by the soil). A statistically significant (R2 = 0.81) linear relationship has been found between the specific CH4 flux to the soil and the total respiration of the soil and the grass-moss layers in the studied forest ecosystems. The quantitative theoretical explanation of this relationship is based on the plant-associated and free methanotrophy

Joint effect of the mycotoxins T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on the weaner pigs against a background of the infection load

Currently, among more than 100 000 known species of fungi about 250 species produce mycotoxins, secondary metabolites which are dangerous to human and animal health. Most of these toxins are highly resistant to physical and chemical factors, and are not destroyed even after prolonged heating of feed contaminated with mycotoxins. The aim of the present study was to investigate the joint effects of T-2 toxin, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and infectious agents on pigs. The study was conducted inthe Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and BiologicalSafety. Studies have shown that the jointdietary intake T-2 toxin at a dose of 70 mg/kg, zearalenoneat a dose of 50 mg/kg and deoxynivalenolat a dose of 1000 mg/kg for 30 days against a background of the simulated Clostridium infection load causes symptomatic mycotoxicosis which is accompanied by activation of lipoperoxidation, decrease in hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters: a reduction in the number of T and B lymphocytes, titers of specific protective antibodies and the development of pathological processes in the tissues and organs of weaner pigs, slow weight gain, increase in feed conversion ratio and the development of infectious disease, confirmed with laboratory tests. The result was different in the group of animals with the same infection load but without introducing mycotoxins into the animal diet. The findings provide strong evidence that chronic intake of fuzariotoxins even at the level of permissible concentrations against a background of infection load predisposes to infectious diseases

Psychological Aspects of Management and Economics of Higher Education

This paper considers the idea that the creative productivity of and psychological basis for achieving high results is expressed in general abilities, creativity, optimism, belief in success and motivation in all social spheres. Management education is crucial for the formation of future professionals in all areas of public life. The article contains analysis of development of new progressive models of management education which should combine the basic types of controls: administrative (command) and motivational management, project management and process management. To control dynamics, which was considered more “progressive”, there are two problems. The first is the problem of the relation of design (innovation) and process (recurring) activities, the other activities of education authorities, particularly at the municipal level, a significant proportion of time and energy which is the current routine functions - the payment of salaries to employees of educational institutions, etc. In the modernization models of management education need to move from the traditional use of two control mechanisms - planning (many “activities”), and pervasive control for the full set (cycle) mechanisms, such as: analysis of current state controlled educational system, the forecast of development of the education system, goal setting, scheduling development tasks, providing resources, monitoring the development of the educational system, which is the essence of operational management. Keywords: higher education, psychology, management of education, modernization of education, economic education JEL Classifications: A20, A29, I21, I2

Direct observation of electron density reconstruction at the metal-insulator transition in NaOsO3

5d transition metal oxides offer new opportunities to test our understanding of the interplay of correlation effects and spin-orbit interactions in materials in the absence of a single dominant interaction. The subtle balance between solid-state interactions can result in new mechanisms that minimize the interaction energy, and in material properties of potential use for applications. We focus here on the 5d transition metal oxide NaOsO3, a strong candidate for the realization of a magnetically driven transition from a metallic to an insulating state exploiting the so-called Slater mechanism. Experimental results are derived from non-resonant and resonant x-ray single crystal diffraction at the Os L-edges. A change in the crystallographic symmetry does not accompany the metal-insulator transition in the Slater mechanism and, indeed, we find no evidence of such a change in NaOsO3. An equally important experimental observation is the emergence of the (300) Bragg peak in the resonant condition with the onset of magnetic order. The intensity of this space-group forbidden Bragg peak continuously increases with decreasing temperature in line with the square of intensity observed for an allowed magnetic Bragg peak. Our main experimental results, the absence of crystal symmetry breaking and the emergence of a space-group forbidden Bragg peak with developing magnetic order, support the use of the Slater mechanism to interpret the metal-insulator transition in NaOsO3. We successfully describe our experimental results with simulations of the electronic structure and, also, with an atomic model based on the established symmetry of the crystal and magnetic structure.Comment: 6 figure

Comparison of the resistance to cavitation and abrasive wear of deposited layers prepared from steels 06X19H9T and Fe-Cr-Ti-Al

The resistance of deposited layers to cavitation erosion and abrasive wear was evaluated for the steels AISI 321 (known as 06X19H9T manufactured according to the Russian standard GOST 18143-72) and Fe-Cr-Ti-Al (two materials namely Ural AS-3 and PPM-6). The Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW or TIG) process was utilized to deposit these welding material wires onto a medium carbon steel substrate AISI 1040. Cavitation test was conducted by using ultrasonic vibratory method to induce the erosion. In addition, a three-body abrasion test was used to evaluate the resistance of the studied materials to abrasive wear. The material loss criterion and wear rate of each material as a function to testing time were evaluated and discussed. The cavitation and abrasive wear tests have shown similar results regarding the PPM-6 steel. Among the tested material, PPM-6 exhibited the better resistance to cavitation and abrasion. The 06X19H9T stainless steel exhibited a higher resistance to cavitation comparing with the Ural AS-3. With respect to the abrasive wear, Ural AS-3 was to some degree better than the 06X19H9T in resistance to abrasion. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd.Foundation for Assistance to Small Innovative Enterprises in Science and Technology, FASIE: 0035960This work was done within the state order of IMP UB RAS on the subject no. AAAA-A18-118020190116-6, within the state order of IMP UB RAS on the subject ―Laser, and IES UB RAS on the subject no. AAAA-A18-118020790147-4. The present study was supported by FASIE, program Development-NTI 2017, project No. 0035960

STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL JOINTS MADE BY FLUX-CORED WIRE WITH NITROGEN CONTENT

This article proposes a modern approach to the development of an electrode material based on TWIP-austenitic nitrogen steel for welding high-strength steels. The described flux-cored wire allows obtaining high mechanical properties of the welded joints, excluding pre-heating and subsequent heat treat

Octahedral molybdenum cluster as a photoactive antimicrobial additive to a fluoroplastic

Finding methods that fight bacterial infection or contamination, while minimising our reliance on antibiotics is one of the most pressing needs of this century. Although the utilisation of UV-C light and strong oxidising agents, such as bleach, are still efficacious methods for eliminating bacterial surface contamination, both methods present severe health and/or environmental hazards. Materials with intrinsic photodynamic activity (i.e. a material's ability upon photoexcitation to convert molecular oxygen into reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen), which work with light within the visible photomagnetic spectrum could offer a significantly safer alternative. Here we present a new, bespoke molybdenum cluster (Bu4N)2[Mo6I8(n-C7F15COO)6], which is both efficient in the generation of singlet oxygen upon photoirradiation and compatible with the fluoropolymer (F23-L) known for its good oxygen permeability. Thus, (Bu4N)2[Mo6I8(n-C7F15COO)6]/F23-L mixtures have been solution-processed to give homogenous films of smooth and fibrous morphologies and which displayed high photoinduced antibacterial activity against four common pathogens under visible light irradiation. These materials thus have potential in applications ranging from antibacterial coatings to filtration membranes and air conditioners to prevent spread of bacterial infections

A process-based model of methane consumption by upland soils

This study combines a literature survey and field observation data in an ad initio attempt to construct a process-based model of methane sink in upland soils including both the biological and physical aspects of the process. Comparison is drawn between the predicted sink rates and chamber measurements in several forest and grassland sites in the southern part of West Siberia. CH4 flux, total respiration, air and soil temperature, soil moisture, pH, organic content, bulk density and solid phase density were measured during a field campaign in summer 2014. Two datasets from literature were also used for model validation. The modeled sink rates were found to be in relatively good correspondence with the values obtained in the field. Introduction of the rhizospheric methanotrophy significantly improves the match between the model and the observations. The Q10 values of methane sink observed in the field were 1.2-1.4, which is in good agreement with the experimental results from the other studies. Based on modeling results, we also conclude that soil oxygen concentration is not a limiting factor for methane sink in upland forest and grassland ecosystems.Peer reviewe