Elitism Versus Populism: The Continuing Debate

Elitism vs. populism identifies dichotomous stances that are increasingly causing acrimony among those concerned with defining cultural and educational relations. Not surprisingly, the controversy is one of the sundry things touched on by the Rockefeller Commission Report the Humanities in American Life

Wave transformation across a macrotidal shore platform under low to moderate energy conditions

We investigate how waves are transformed across a shore platform as this is a central question in rock coast geomorphology. We present results from deployment of three pressure transducers over four days, across a sloping, wide (~200 m) cliff-backed shore platform in a macrotidal setting, in South Wales, United Kingdom. Cross shore variations in wave heights were evident under the predominantly low to moderate (significant wave height < 1.4 m) energy conditions measured. At the outer transducer 50 m from the seaward edge of the platform (163 m from the cliff) high tide water depths were 8+ m meaning that waves crossed the shore platform without breaking. At the mid platform position water depth was 5 m. Water depth at the inner transducer (6 m from the cliff platform junction) at high tide was 1.4 m. This shallow water depth forced wave breaking, thereby limiting wave heights on the inner platform. Maximum wave height at the middle and inner transducers were 2.41 and 2.39 m respectively and significant wave height 1.35 m and 1.34 m respectively. Inner platform high tide wave heights were generally larger where energy was up to 335% greater than near the seaward edge where waves were smaller. Infragravity energy was less than 13% of the total energy spectra with energy in the swell, wind and capillary frequencies accounting for 87% of the total energy. Wave transformation is thus spatially variable and is strongly modulated by platform elevation and the tidal range. While shore platforms in microtidal environments have been shown to be highly dissipative, in this macro-tidal setting up to 90% of the offshore wave energy reached the landward cliff at high tide, so that the shore platform cliff is much more reflective

Fault Diagnosis Using First Order Logic Tools

An automated circuit diagnostic tool implementing R. Reiter\u27s theory of diagnosis (1987) based on deep knowledge (i.e. knowledge based on certain design information) and using first-order logic as the representation language is discussed. In this approach, the automated diagnostician uses a description of the system structure and observations describing its performance to determine if any faults are apparent. If there is evidence that the system is faulty, the diagnostician uses the system description and observations to ascertain which component(s) would explain the behavior. In particular, Reiter\u27s method finds all combinations of components which explain this behavior

A System for the Diagnosis of Faults using a First Principles Approach

One of the primary areas of application of Artificial Intelligence is diagnosis. Diagnosis from first principles is a diagnostic technique which uses knowledge of the designed structure and function of a device to determine the possible causes of the malfunction. This work builds on the foundation of a theory of diagnosis by implementing and extending the theory. A correction to the algorithm which defines the theory is presented. The theory is extended for multiple sets of observations of the system and measurement data. A fundamental problem in diagnosis is selecting the measurement which will be of the most benefit in reducing the number of competing diagnoses for a system. A heuristic which selects a component whose measurement is likely to be beneficial in isolating the actual diagnosis is also presented

Ordered Products of Topological Groups

The topology most often used on a totally ordered group (G, \u3c) is the interval topology. There are usually many ways to totally order G x G (e.g., the lexicographic order) but the interval topology induced by such a total order is rarely used since the product topology has obvious advantages. Let ℝ(+) denote the real line with its usual order and Q(+) the subgroup of rational numbers. There is an order on Q x Q whose associated interval topology is the product topology, but no such order on ℝ x ℝ can be found. In this paper we characterize those pairs G, H of totally ordered groups such that there is a total order on G x H for which the interval topology is the product topology

History of the School of Forestry, Fisheries, and Wildlife

"December 1988.""This history includes events that began about 1870 and ended in September 1987"--Page 2 of cover.Title from JPEG cover page (University of Missouri Digital Library, viewed Mar. 29, 2010).Includes bibliographical references (pages 27-28)

Feminist Scholarship Review

Published from 1991 through 2007 at Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, the Feminist Scholarship Review is a literary journal that describes women\u27s experiences around the world. FSR began as a review of feminist scholarly material, but evolved into a journal for poetry and short storie

Paramagnetic Breakdown of Superconductivity in Ultrasmall Metallic Grains

We study the magnetic-field-induced breakdown of superconductivity in nm-scale metal grains having a mean electron level spacing $d \simeq \tilde\Delta$ (bulk gap). Using a generalized variational BCS approach that yields good qualitative agreement with measured spectra, we argue that Pauli paramagnetism dominates orbital diamagnetism, as in the case of thin films in a parallel magnetic field. However, the first-order transition observed for the latter can be made continuous by finite size effects. The mean-field procedure of describing the system by a single pairing parameter $\Delta$ breaks down for $d \simeq \tilde\Delta$.Comment: 4 pages of revtex, 3 postscript figures, uses psfrag.sty, epsfig.sty. Slightly revised and improved version, matching published versio