NORDIC SKIING BIOMECHANICS AND PHYSIOLOGY

Cross-country skiing provides unique movement patterns and unique athletes for sport science research. The integration of physiology and biomechanics into research projects has provided insights into systemic solutions regarding high intensity, whole body exercise and how workload is distributed. Newly introduced ski sprint events have stimulated continued research to better understand performance and human capacity limitations

Proteienbronnien die rantsoenev an groeiendev arke 3. 'n vergelykingt ussenv ismeel en af'geroomdem elk

The study was conducted to replace fish-meal partially as protein sourcc in the rations ot'growtng pigs. ln the fust trtal ftshmeal was partially replaced with skim milk powder, while liquid skim milk was used to partially replace fish-meal in the sccond trial. The influence of this replacement on the growth, efficiency of tood utihzation and carcass composition of porkers was Investrgated. The resul tso f these t r r ,alsi ndicated that f ist r -mealc ould be par t ial ly replacedw i th skim mi lk on an equivalentp rotein and energy basis wi thout havinga signi f icante f fect on growth and carcassc ornposi t ion.OPSOMMING.Die studie is uitgevoer om vismeel gedeeltelik as proteibnbron in die rantsoene van groeiende varke te vervang. ln dle eerslc proef is vismeel gedeeltelik met afgeroomde melkpoeier vervang terwyl afgeroomde melk in die vloeibare vorm in die twcede procf as vervanger van vismeel gebruik is. Die mvloed wat di6 vcrvangingo p die groer,i doeltreffendheid van voerverbruik en karkassamestell ing van vleisvarkeg ehad het , is ondersoek. Die resul tate in hierdic studie verkry, dui daarop dat afgeroomdem elk wel suksesvogl ebruik kan word om vismeel gedeeltelik as proteibnbron op 'n ekwivalentep roteibn en energrebasitse vervang

Proteïenbronne in die rantsoene van groeiende varke 2. 'n vergelyking tussen vismeel en karkasmeel

Ses-en-dertig Landras x Grootwit-varkies is aan drie proefbehandelings onderwerp. Vismeel is gedeeltelik met onderskeidelik 0,0%, 5,6% en 11,0% karkasmeel as proteïenbronne in die drie proefrantsoene vervang. 'n Neiging tot swakker groei en 'n betekenisvol swakker voeromset is verkry waar 11,0% karkasmeel in die rantsoen voorsien is. Die insluiting van karkasmeel op die bogenoemde peile het egter geen betekenisvoUe invloed op die fisiese en chemiese samestelling van die karkasse gehad nie.English Title: Protein sources in the diets of growing pigs: 2. a comparison between fish meal and carcass mealEnglish AbstractThirty-six weaner Landrace x Large White crossbred pigs were used in an experiment conducted to determine to what extent fish meal can be replaced by carcass meal as a protein supplement in pig growth diets. The experimental treatments consisted of three diets in which fish meal was partially replaced on a protein basis by 0,0%, 5,6% or 11,0% carcass meal. The inclusion of 11,0% carcass meal resulted in a slight reduction in growth rate but in a significant reduction in feed conversion. The physical as well as the chemical composition of the carcasses was unaffected by the treatments imposed

Evaluation of the effects of rotor harmonics in a doubly-fed induction generator with harmonic induced speed ripple

This paper is concerned with the low-frequency harmonics which originate from the rotor inverter of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). By including the mechanical speed response, it expands the transformer approach previously taken to analyze the harmonic transfer in the machine. A numerical method is proposed to calculate the stator current sidebands, which can be used to predict the voltage fluctuation at the system busbar. It is shown that the pulsating torque associated with the rotor harmonics can induce speed ripple depending on the inertia, causing a significant change in the stator current spectrum. Experiment and simulation verify the analysis and the proposed calculation method

The use of South African bred Opaque-2 maize in pig growth diets

No Abstrac

Intellectual functioning in clinically confirmed fetal valproate syndrome

Background: An increased risk of impaired intelligence (IQ) has been documented in valproate-exposed children, but investigations have not previously focused on those with a clinical diagnosis of Fetal Valproate Syndrome (FVS). Methods: This cross sectional observational study recruited individuals with a diagnosis of FVS and completed standardized assessments of intellectual abilities making comparisons to a normative comparison group. Both mean difference (MD) and prevalence of scores below the lower average range were analyzed. Results: The mean full-scale IQ in 31 individuals with FVS (mean age 14.97; range 6–27 years) was 19 points lower (19.55, 95% CI −24.94 to 14.15), and IQ scores <70 were present in 26%. The mean differences for verbal comprehension (21.07, 95% CI −25.84 to −16.29), working memory (19.77, 95% CI −25.00 to −14.55) and processing speed (16.87, 95% CI −22.24 to −11.50) performances were poorer than expected with the mean differences over one standard deviation from the comparison group. Sixty one percent of cases demonstrated disproportionately lower verbal comprehension ability. There were no significant group differences for IQ in high vs. moderate dose valproate or mono vs. polytherapy. There were no differences in IQ between those with and those without a major congenital malformation. The requirement for educational intervention was high at 74%. Conclusion: Intellectual difficulties are a central feature of FVS and are more severe in their presentation in individuals with a diagnosis of valproate embryopathy. Individuals with FVS who present with the characteristic facial presentation should be considered at high risk of cognitive difficulties regardless of the dose of valproate exposure or the presence of a major congenital malformation

Statistical Survey of Type III Radio Bursts at Long Wavelengths Observed by the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO)/Waves Instruments: Radio Flux Density Variations with Frequency

We have performed a statistical study of $152$ Type III radio bursts observed by Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO)/Waves between May 2007 and February 2013. We have investigated the flux density between $125$kHz and $16$MHz. Both high- and low-frequency cutoffs have been observed in $60\,$ of events suggesting an important role of propagation. As already reported by previous authors, we observed that the maximum flux density occurs at $1$MHz on both spacecraft. We have developed a simplified analytical model of the flux density as a function of radial distance and compared it to the STEREO/Waves data.Comment: published in Solar Physic

Sorghum grain, urea or soybean meal as a protein source in all-concentrate cattle finishing rations

Results of previous similar research have been reported in Kansas Agicu1tural Experiment Station Bulletins 483, 493, 507, and 518. Trials at several research centers and here have shown that roughage may be satisfactorily omitted from finishing rations for cattle often, reducing feed required per pound of gain. Cattle nay be finished on all-grain diets with only mineral and vitamin supplements when the grain has sufficient protein

Polyphasic re-examination of Debaryomyces hansenii strains and reinstatement of D. hansenii, D. fabryi and D. subglobosus

The type species of the genus Debaryomyces, Debaryomyces hansenii, is a highly heterogeneous species. It has been isolated from a large diversity of natural sources including fruit, air, water, soil, but most frequently from processed food products. The species delineation of this yeast species urgently needs clarification. The heterogeneity in taxonomic characteristics has resulted in the description of varieties linked to D. hansenii. The aim of this study was to re-examine and classify D. hansenii using a polyphasic approach. A total of 65 D. hansenii isolates were examined, 57 representing the variety hansenii and nine the variety fabryi. The selection of strains for DNA reassociation and phylogenetic analysis was based on polymerase chain reaction mediated fingerprints using four mini- and microsatellite-specific primers. The discriminating power of growth at 35 °C and 37 °C was re-examined and ascospore production was observed. DNA reassociations and phylogenetic analyses were performed on selected isolates from each of the clusters obtained from the DNA fingerprint analyses. The data indicated the presence of three distinct species within the D. hansenii group, which were represented by type strains of former species and that are proposed to be reinstated: D. hansenii (CBS 767T = MUCL 49680T), D. fabryi (CBS 789T = MUCL 49731T) and D. subglobosus (CBS 792T = MUCL 49732T)

Are Antiprotons Forever?

Up to one million antiprotons from a single LEAR spill have been captured in a large Penning trap. Surprisingly, when the antiprotons are cooled to energies significantly below 1 eV, the annihilation rate falls below background. Thus, very long storage times for antiprotons have been demonstrated in the trap, even at the compromised vacuum conditions imposed by the experimental set up. The significance for future ultra-low energy experiments, including portable antiproton traps, is discussed.Comment: 12 pages, latex; 4 figures, uufiled. Slightly expanded discussion of expected energy dependence of annihilation cross section and rate, and of estimates of trap pressure, plus minor text improvement