Two-dimensional Moist Stratified Turbulence and the Emergence of Vertically Sheared Horizontal Flows

Moist stratified turbulence is studied in a two-dimensional Boussinesq system influenced by condensation and evaporation. The problem is set in a periodic domain and employs simple evaporation and condensation schemes, wherein both the processes push parcels towards saturation. Numerical simulations demonstrate the emergence of a moist turbulent state consisting of ordered structures with a clear power-law type spectral scaling from initially spatially uncorrelated conditions. An asymptotic analysis in the limit of rapid condensation and strong stratification shows that, for initial conditions with enough water substance to saturate the domain, the equations support a straightforward state of moist balance characterized by a hydrostatic, saturated, vertically sheared horizontal flow (VSHF). For such initial conditions, by means of long time numerical simulations, the emergence of moist balance is verified. Specifically, starting from uncorrelated data, subsequent to the development of a moist turbulent state, the system experiences a rather abrupt transition to a regime which is close to saturation and dominated by a strong VSHF. On the other hand, initial conditions which do not have enough water substance to saturate the domain, do not attain moist balance. Rather, the system remains in a turbulent state and oscillates about moist balance. Even though balance is not achieved with these general initial conditions, the time scale of oscillation about moist balance is much larger than the imposed time scale of condensation and evaporation, thus indicating a distinct dominant slow component in the moist stratified two-dimensional turbulent system.Comment: 23 pages. 9 figure

Many new voters make the Granite State one to watch in November

A third of potential voters in New Hampshire during the fall of 2008 have become eligible to vote in the state. Further, these potential new voters are more likely to identify with the Democratic Party and less likely to identify as Republicans than are established New Hampshire voters, contributing to the state\u27s purple status

Invited commentary on Stewart and Davis " 'Big data' in mental health research-current status and emerging possibilities"

No abstract available

Advancing imaging technologies for patients with spinal pain : with a focus on whiplash injury

Background: Radiological observations of soft-tissue changes that may relate to clinical symptoms in patients with traumatic and non-traumatic spinal disorders are highly controversial. Studies are often of poor quality and findings are inconsistent. A plethora of evidence suggests some pathoanatomical findings from traditional imaging applications are common in asymptomatic participants across the life span, which further questions the diagnostic, prognostic, and theranostic value of traditional imaging. Although we do not dispute the limited evidence for the clinical importance of most imaging findings, we contend that the disparate findings across studies may in part be due to limitations in the approaches used in assessment and analysis of imaging findings. Purpose: This clinical commentary aimed to (1) briefly detail available imaging guidelines, (2) detail research-based evidence around the clinical use of findings from advanced, but available, imaging applications (eg, fat and water magnetic resonance imaging and magnetization transfer imaging), and (3) introduce how evolving imaging technologies may improve our mechanistic understanding of pain and disability, leading to improved treatments and outcomes. Study Design/Setting: A non-systematic review of the literature is carried out. Methods: A narrative summary (including studies from the authors' own work in whiplash injuries) of the available literature is provided. Results: An emerging body of evidence suggests that the combination of existing imaging sequences or the use of developing imaging technologies in tandem with a good clinical assessment of modifiable risk factors may provide important diagnostic information toward the exploration and development of more informed and effective treatment options for some patients with traumatic neck pain. Conclusions: Advancing imaging technologies may help to explain the seemingly disconnected spectrum of biopsychosocial signs and symptoms of traumatic neck pain

Replacement Names for the Genera Batesiana Erwin (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and Metabolus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

While curating scarab beetles in the University of Nebraska State Museum collection, we discovered two generic names that are homonyms. As this renders these names invalid, we herein propose replacement names for the junior homonyms as follows. Erwiniana Paulsen and Smith new genus Ablotemus Paulsen and Smith new genu

Retrograde transport pathways utilised by viruses and protein toxins

A model has been presented for retrograde transport of certain toxins and viruses from the cell surface to the ER that suggests an obligatory interaction with a glycolipid receptor at the cell surface. Here we review studies on the ER trafficking cholera toxin, Shiga and Shiga-like toxins, Pseudomonas exotoxin A and ricin, and compare the retrograde routes followed by these protein toxins to those of the ER trafficking SV40 and polyoma viruses. We conclude that there is in fact no obligatory requirement for a glycolipid receptor, nor even with a protein receptor in a lipid-rich environment. Emerging data suggests instead that there is no common pathway utilised for retrograde transport by all of these pathogens, the choice of route being determined by the particular receptor utilised

Revision of the genus \u3ci\u3eChiasognathus\u3c/i\u3e Stephens of southern South America with the description of a new species (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae, Chiasognathini)

The genus Chiasognathus Stephens is revised and now consists of seven species, all of which are endemic to southern South America. Th e genus-level names Bomansodus Chalumeau & Brochier, Carmeniella Molino-Olmedo, and Ramireziella Molino-Olmedo are all confirmed to be synonyms of Chiasognathus. A new species of Chiasognathus is described from the Biobío Region of Chile. Th e species Chiasognathus mniszechii Thomson is removed from synonymy and is a valid species with Chiasognathus schoenemanni Kriesche as its junior synonym. In order to promote nomenclatural stability, a lectotype is designated for the name Chiasognathus reichei Thomson, and a neotype is designated for the name Chiasognathus pygmaeus Dallas

Beyond the software: The importance of personal communication to ensure access in complex ILL and other borrowing transactions

This paper focuses on the ILL aspects of a larger project investigating the continued availability of items identified in a 1991 bibliography (Dillard). For this stage of the research, the particular focus was on obtaining various theses and dissertations, as well as books and sheet music items. As Lowry (2006) noted, especially in the humanities and social sciences, the majority of dissertation and thesis research has traditionally not resulted in further publication, with only about 10% of this work being republished in other forms. This means that the original works are the only source of this research, and therefore there is a need for continued access. While aggregated databases such as ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global provide instant full text access in many cases, other items are only available for separate purchase through the database, by borrowing through ILL channels, for download from individual institutional repositories, or for viewing in the library of the degree-granting institution (Smith, 2023). There are also issues in identifying more recent dissertation and theses research as there is no one universal source, but rather a proliferation of different directories and research databases where they may be listed, or they may only be listed within a single institutional repository (Center for Research Libraries, n.d.). Despite the many difficulties encountered, one theme emerged from these retrieval endeavors: the importance of personal communication in overcoming barriers and ensuring access to materials. This paper highlights the different ways in which establishing communication promoted understanding firstly between the ILL librarian and the researcher, and then at each stage of the borrowing process, resulting in mostly successful transactions. Communication was able to overcome barriers of the borrowing institution’s ILL policy that previously prevented successful transactions; it enabled navigation through complex and multi-stage digitization requests involving international universities and national libraries; it enabled direct digitization and electronic delivery of items at no cost to the borrower; and it enabled identification and retrieval of items from institutional repositories

Graduate Student Use of and Preference for Unlimited-Use e-Books as Textbooks: Preliminary Results

This study investigated the preference of master’s level library science graduate students for required textbooks in print or unlimited-use ebook format in the context of alternate educational materials provided by the university library. Surveys with both fixed-response and open-ended questions were completed as a class exercise by 151 students enrolled in four sections of a collection management class and four sections of a research methods class. Results show a strong preference for print but indicate that cost to students influences etextbook use