Evolution of adaptation mechanisms: adaptation energy, stress, and oscillating death

In 1938, H. Selye proposed the notion of adaptation energy and published "Experimental evidence supporting the conception of adaptation energy". Adaptation of an animal to different factors appears as the spending of one resource. Adaptation energy is a hypothetical extensive quantity spent for adaptation. This term causes much debate when one takes it literally, as a physical quantity, i.e. a sort of energy. The controversial points of view impede the systematic use of the notion of adaptation energy despite experimental evidence. Nevertheless, the response to many harmful factors often has general non-specific form and we suggest that the mechanisms of physiological adaptation admit a very general and nonspecific description. We aim to demonstrate that Selye's adaptation energy is the cornerstone of the top-down approach to modelling of non-specific adaptation processes. We analyse Selye's axioms of adaptation energy together with Goldstone's modifications and propose a series of models for interpretation of these axioms. {\em Adaptation energy is considered as an internal coordinate on the `dominant path' in the model of adaptation}. The phenomena of `oscillating death' and `oscillating remission' are predicted on the base of the dynamical models of adaptation. Natural selection plays a key role in the evolution of mechanisms of physiological adaptation. We use the fitness optimization approach to study of the distribution of resources for neutralization of harmful factors, during adaptation to a multifactor environment, and analyse the optimal strategies for different systems of factors

Physics with B-mesons in ATLAS

B-physics is an importany part of studies with the LHC beams at low luminosities. Effective B-meson reconstruction with exclusive semileptonic modes in the ATLAS can produce a clean sample of events for detailed physics analysis with first data. The analysis includes measurements of B-meson mass and proper lifetime to verify performance of the Inner Detector and to estimate background and trigger efficiencies for rare decays. The b-quark fragmentation with low pt, bbbar correlations and pt compensation will be studied in events with reconstructed B-mesons. The underlying event multiplisities in such events will be mesured and compared with data from Leading jet analysis

The multiplicity and the spectra of secondaries correlated with the leading particle energy

The spectra of leading particles of different nature in pp-collisions at E sub 0 = 33 GeV are obtained. The multiplicities and the spectra of secondaries, mesons, gamma-quanta, lambda and lambda-hyperons and protons for different leading particle energy ranges are determined

The effect of the relative nuclear size on the nucleus-nucleus interactions

The experimental data on the interactions of light nuclei (d, He(4), C(12)) at the momentum 4.2 GeV/cA with the carbon nuclei were taken in the 2-m propane bubble chamber. The distributions in the number of interacting nucleons, the spectra of protons, the mean energies of secondary pions and protons, the mean fractions of energy transferred to the pion and nucleon components are presented. The results of the investigation of the mechanism of nucleus-nucleus interactions can be used to calculate the nuclear cascades in the atmosphere

On the T-Odd Quark Fragmentation Function and on Transversal Handedness

The first probe of the correlation of the T-odd one-particle fragmentation function responsible for the left--right asymmetry of fragmentation of a transversely polarized quark is done by using the 1991-95 DELPHI data for $Z\to 2$-jet decay. Integrated over the fraction of longitudinal and transversal momenta, this correlation is of 1.5% order, which means order of 13% for the analyzing power. A rather large ($\approx 10$) handedness transversal to the production plane was observed in the diffractive production of ($\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$) triples from nuclei by the $40 GeV/c \pi^-$--beam. It was shown that the phenomenon has a clear dynamic origin and resembles the single spin asymmetry behavior. All this makes us hope to use this effects in polarized DIS experiments for transversity measurement.Comment: 10 pp, 5 epsfig, Latex 2e, szjp.cls, epsfig.sty, wrapfig.sty included. Talk in "Spin and Symmetry - Praha98". To be published in Czechoslovak Journal of Physics, Supp

Hadronization corrections to helicity components of the fragmentation function

In the hadronic decays of Z, gluon emission leads to the appearance of the longitudinal component of the fragmentation function, F_L. Measurement of F_L and the transverse component, F_T, could thus provide an insight into the gluon fragmentation function. However, hadronization corrections at low x can be significant. Here we present a method of accounting for such corrections, using the JETSET event generator as illustration.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure