The Distribution of Revenues From State-Collected Consumer Taxes

Värdegrundsarbetet i förskolan där genus och likabehandling står i fokus är ett ämne som skall arbetas aktivt med och det var detta som var grunden i underökning. Undersökningen utgick ifrån två frågor som handlade om pedagogernas kompetens i genusvetenskap samt vilka genuspedagogiska strategier som de använde i arbetet med barnen. För att undersöka detta så valde jag att använda mig av en halvstrukturerad enkät där de flesta frågorna var av öppen karaktär för att kunna fånga vad pedagogernas kunskap om de olika genusvetenskapliga begreppen. De slutna frågorna fångade vilka genuspedagogiska strategier som pedagogerna använde i sitt arbete med barnen. 40 enkäter delades ut till pedagogerna i ett rektorsområde. Från resultatdelen kunde det utläsas att det var många olika definitioner på de genusvetenskapliga begreppen och att flertalet av pedagogerna inte hade samma syn som forskningen kring om det beror på det sociala eller det biologiska när barnen positionerar sig som pojkar eller flickor. Resultatet visade också att endast ett fåtal pedagogerna använder sig av det komplicerande och normkritiska arbetssättet med barnen och att lite fler än hälften tycker att de har tillräckligt med kunskap för att arbeta med genus. Slutsatser som kunde dras från resultaten från enkäten är att pedagogernas kompetenser i de genusvetenskapliga begreppen är på olika nivå och att de varierar väldigt mycket. Därför drog jag den slutsatsen att det är därför som det komplicerande och normkritiska arbetet inte används i arbetet med genus i förskolan. Ändå så ansåg flertalet av de pedagoger som inte arbetade med det komplicerande och normkritiska arbetet att de ändå hade tillräckligt med kunskap i genus. Kompetens i ett ämne gör att det är möjligt att ta ut svängarna, att verkligen se hur barnen gör genus i barngruppen och att ifrågasätta normer i samhället tillsammans med barnen

A 3D view of the Hyades stellar and sub-stellar population

Our scientific goal is to provide a 3D map of the nearest open cluster to the Sun, the Hyades, combining the recent release of Gaia astrometric data, ground-based parallaxes of sub-stellar member candidates and photometric data from surveys which cover large areas of the cluster. We combined the second Gaia release with ground-based H-band parallaxes obtained with the infrared camera on the 2-m robotic Liverpool telescope to astrometrically identify stellar and sub-stellar members of the Hyades, the nearest open cluster to the Sun. We find 1764 objects within 70 degree radius from the cluster center from the Gaia second data release, whose kinematic properties are consistent with the Hyades. We limit our study to 30 pc from the cluster center (47.03+/-0.20 pc) where we identify 710 candidate members, including 85 and 385 in the core and tidal radius, respectively. We determine proper motions and parallaxes of eight candidate brown dwarf members and confirm their membership. Using the 3D positions and a model-based mass-luminosity relation we derive a luminosity and mass function in the 0.04 to 2.5 Msun range. We confirm evidence for mass segregation in the Hyades and find a dearth of brown dwarfs in the core of the cluster. From the white dwarf members we estimate an age of 640$^{+67}_{-49}$ Myr. We identify a list of members in the Hyades cluster from the most massive stars down to the brown dwarfs. We produce for the first time a 3D map of the Hyades cluster in the stellar and sub-stellar regimes and make available the list of candidate members.Comment: 27 pages, 2 appendices, 12 figures and 7 tables in main text, accepted for publication in A&A. Corrections for language edition not included in that version. Table of members will be public in CD

Re-evaluation of cosmic ray cutoff terminology

The study of cosmic ray access to locations inside the geomagnetic field has evolved in a manner that has led to some misunderstanding and misapplication of the terminology originally developed to describe particle access. This paper presents what is believed to be a useful set of definitions for cosmic ray cutoff terminology for use in theoretical and experimental cosmic ray studies

Practical Aspects of Automatic Orientation Analysis of Micrographs

Techniques to analyse the orientation of particulate materials as observed in the scanning electron microscope are reviewed in this paper. Emphasis is placed on digital imaging, processing, and analysis methods, but many secondary electron images are not amenable to traditional image processing as adequate thresholding is often difficult to achieve. Evaluation of the intensity gradient at each pixel offers an alternative approach, and this method is described in detail including the latest developments to generalize the technique. Practical points in the acquisition, processing and analysis of the images are considered and several images, including both synthetically generated and actual back-scattered images of soil particle arrangements are presented. A discussion of methods to display the results is included as are possible future developments

Characterization of colorectal mucus using infrared spectroscopy: a potential target for bowel cancer screening and diagnosis

Biological materials presenting early signs of cancer would be beneficial for cancer screening/diagnosis. In this respect, the suitability of potentially exploiting mucus in colorectal cancer was tested using infrared spectroscopy in combination with statistical modeling. Twenty-six paraffinized colon tissue biopsy sections containing mucus regions from 20 individuals (10 normal and 16 cancerous) were measured using mid-infrared spectroscopic imaging. A digital de-paraffinization, followed by cluster analysis driven digital color-coded multi-staining segmented the infrared images into various histopathological features such as epithelium, connective tissue, stroma, and mucus regions within the tissue sections. Principal component analysis followed by supervised linear discriminant analysis was carried out on pure mucus and epithelial spectra from normal and cancerous regions of the tissue. For the mucus-based classification, a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 83%, and an area under the curve performance of 95% was obtained. For the epithelial tissue-based classification, a sensitivity of 72%, a specificity of 88%, and an area under the curve performance of 89% was obtained. The mucus spectral profiles further showed contributions indicative of glycans including that of sialic acid changes between these pathology groups. The study demonstrates that infrared spectroscopic analysis of mucus discriminates colorectal cancers with high sensitivity. This concept could be exploited to develop screening/diagnostic approaches complementary to histopathology.This article is freely available via Open Access. Click on the Publisher URL to access it via the publisher's site.WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom 204909/Z/16/Z/Wellcome Trust (Wellcome)published version, accepted version (6 month embargo), submitted versio

Parallaxes of Five L Dwarfs with a Robotic Telescope

We report the parallax and proper motion of five L dwarfs obtained with observations from the robotic Liverpool Telescope. Our derived proper motions are consistent with published values and have considerably smaller errors. Based on our spectral type versus absolute magnitude diagram, we do not find any evidence for binaries among our sampleor, at least no comparable mass binaries. Their space velocities locate them within the thin disk, and based on the model comparisons, they have solar-like abundances. For all five objects, we derived effective temperature, luminosity, radius, gravity, and mass from an evolutionary model (CBA00) and our measured parallax; moreover, we derived their effective temperature by integrating observed optical and near-infrared spectra and model spectra (BSH06 or BT-Dusty) at longer wavelengths to obtain bolometric flux using the classical Stefan-Boltzmann law. Generally, the three temperatures for one object derived using two different methods with three models are consistent, although at lower temperature (e.g., for L4) the differences among the three temperatures are slightly larger than those at higher temperature (e.g., for L1).Peer reviewe