Geïntegreerde bestrijding van trips in Freesia in een zomerteelt in 2009

Trips is een van de plagen in freesia die moeilijk is te bestrijden. Het pakket chemische gewasbeschermingsmiddelen is smal en door intensief gebruik van het beperkte aantal middelen is het risico van resistentieontwikkeling groot. Uitbreiding van de bestrijdingsmogelijkheden door de inzet van natuurlijke vijanden is een oplossing. Het hier beschreven onderzoek is uitgevoerd in 2009. Nu werd gestart in de zomer (week 31) en op hetzelfde bedrijf als waar in 2007 en 2008 het onderzoek werd uitgevoerd. De tripsdruk is in die periode veel hoger dan in het voorjaar. Weer is gewerkt met alleen commercieel beschikbare natuurlijke vijanden, waarbij verschillende uitzetstrategieën werd gevolgd. Daarnaast is oriënterend gekeken naar de mogelijkheid van het gebruik van bankerplanten en is gezocht naar van nature in een freesiagewas voorkomende natuurlijke vijanden van trips

Geschikte onderstammen voor biologisch geteelde komkommers, tomaten en paprika's in relatie tot wortelknobbelaaltjes (Meloidogyne spp.) - Resultaten onderzoek 2006-2010

During 5 years, Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture did research to find a rootstock with high resistance against the most important root knot nematodes or Meloidogyne species in greenhouses in the Netherlands, M. incognita, M. hapla and M. javanica. Rootstocks should combine resistance with good compatibility between rootstock and graft, good yield and quality. Cucumber rootstocks meeting for the greater part these requirements are 64-10, 64-12 and Harry. However, seed production of these rootstocks was recently discontinued by the seed companies. Interbreedings between Cucurbita maxima and C. moschata are not sufficiently resistant against M. species. In tomato best performing rootstocks are PG76, Brigéor and Big Power. Best performing rootstocks in sweet pepper are Snooker, Capital and DRO 3413. In general, tomato and sweet pepper rootstocks have a higher level of resistance against M. incognita and M. javanica compared to M. hapla. However, most cucumber rootstocks are more susceptible to M. incognita than to M. hapla

Avaliação das espécies madeireiras da Amazônia selecionadas para a manufatura de instrumentos musicais

Este trabalho cobre a pesquisa de um grande número de espécies madeireiras tropicais da Amazônia visando definir suas aptidões para os diferentes componentes de instrumentos musicais de corda e de sopro. A investigação dessas espécies incluiu a determinação de características gerais (cor, textura, figura e grã), propriedades físicas (peso especifico, contração), propriedades mecânicas (flexão estática e compressão paralela à grã), estabilidade dimensional sob diferentes condições climáticas, propriedades acústicas e propriedades de usinabilidade. Os resultados dessa pesquisa permitiram a classificação das espécies para os diferentes componentes dos instrumentos, no entanto, a adequação de cada espécie terá de ser confirmada através do seu uso efetivo na fabricação de protótipos de cada tipo de instrumento e subsequentes testes de qualidade desses instrumentos por músicos profissionais. O projeto foi idealizado pela Fundação Nacional de Arte (FUNARTE), financiado pela Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) e executado pelo Centro de Pesquisa de Produtos Florestais (CPPF) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)e pelo Laboratório de Produtos Florestais (LPF) do Instituto Brasileiro de Desenvolvimento Florestal (IBDF)

Ruimtelijke verdeling van gewasbeschermingsmiddelen in de kas: Hoe komt een middel via een gewasbehandeling in het recirculatiewater terecht?

Gewasbeschermingsmiddelen vormen een probleem in het oppervlaktewater om een goede ecologische kwaliteit te bereiken (Teunissen, 2005; Kruger, 2008; Van der Staaij, 2009). In 2015 moet het oppervlaktewater een goede kwaliteit hebben en lozen van middelen is dan niet meer toegestaan. Het is daarom belangrijk te weten hoe middelen in het oppervlaktewater terecht komen. In deze notitie wordt verslag gedaan van een inventariserend onderzoek naar de route die het spuitmiddel in de kas aflegt. Komt er via de standaard spuitmethode spuitmiddel in het recirculatiewater en is dit te voorkomen of te verminderen? Telen met toekomst heeft de taak vragen en knelpunten bij geïntegreerde teelt en emissie van gewasbeschermingsmiddelen naar het onderzoek terug te koppelen. Dit onderzoek is dan ook op verzoek van Telen met toekomst uitgevoerd in het project ‘Knelpunten bij de implementatie van Best Practices’, onderdeel van het LNV programma Plantgezondhei

Diverse foraging strategies by a marine top predator : sperm whales exploit pelagic and demersal habitats in the Kaikōura submarine canyon

Support for this work was provided from contributions by Ray Dalio to the WHOI Access to the Sea Fund.The submarine canyon off Kaikōura (New Zealand) is an extremely productive deep-sea habitat, and an important foraging ground for male sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). We used high-resolution archival tags to study the diving behaviour of sperm whales, and used the echoes from their echolocation sounds to estimate their distance from the seafloor. Diving depths and distance above the seafloor were obtained for 28 dives from six individuals. Whales foraged at depths between 284 and 1433 m, targeting mesopelagic and demersal prey layers. The majority of foraging buzzes occurred within one of three vertical strata: within 50 m of the seafloor, mid-water at depths of 700-900 m, and mid-water at depths of 400-600 m. Sperm whales sampled during this study performed more demersal foraging than that reported in any previous studies – including at Kaikōura in further inshore waters. This suggests that the extreme benthic productivity of the Kaikōura Canyon is reflected in the trophic preferences of these massive top predators. We found some evidence for circadian patterns in the foraging behaviour of sperm whales, which might be related to vertical movements of their prey following the deep scattering layer. We explored the ecological implications of the whales’ foraging preferences on their habitat use, highlighting the need for further research on how submarine canyons facilitate top predator hotspots.PostprintPeer reviewe

Impact of established prognostic factors and molecular subtype in very young breast cancer patients: pooled analysis of four EORTC randomized controlled trials

Young age at the time of diagnosis of breast cancer is an independent factor of poor prognosis. In many treatment guidelines, the recommendation is to treat young patients with adjuvant chemotherapy regardless of tumor characteristics. However, limited data on prognostic factors are available for young breast cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic value of established clinical and pathological prognostic factors in young breast cancer patients. Data from four European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) clinical trials were pooled, resulting in a dataset consisting of 9,938 early breast cancer patients with a median follow-up of 11 years. For 549 patients aged less than 40 years at the time of diagnosis, including 341 node negative patients who did not receive chemotherapy, paraffin tumor blocks were processed for immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. Cox proportional hazard analysis was applied to assess the association of clinical and pathological factors with overall and distant metastasis free survival. For young patients, tumor size (P = 0.01), nodal status (P = 0.006) and molecular subtype (P = 0.02) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. In the node negative subgroup, only molecular subtype was a prognostic factor for overall survival (P = 0.02). Young node negative patients bearing luminal A tumors had an overall survival rate of 94% at 10 years' follow-up compared to 72% for patients with basal-type tumors. Molecular subtype is a strong independent prognostic factor in breast cancer patients younger than 40 years of age. These data support the use of established prognostic factors as a diagnostic tool to assess disease outcome and to plan systemic treatment strategies in young breast cancer patient