Content-Based Regulation of Electronic Media: Indecent Speech on the Internet, 21 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 19 (2002)

Using an airing of the Victoria Secret fashion show as an example, the author explores the definition of indecency in media. She first discusses the how FCC treats indecency in traditional media (radio, broadcast TV and cable). Then, she addresses numerous failed attempts of applying indecency on the Internet. Consequently, she compares and contrasts the different media. Lastly, she suggests a solution in this regard that would likely pass constitutional muster. The FCC can impose fines or prison sentences on radio and broadcasting licensees for uttering any obscene, indecent or profane language by means of radio communications. As for cable television, the courts first held that such media is different from radio and broadcasting because of the direct connection between the providers and subscribers. Then, the courts held that cable television providers are permitted to screen out patently offensive programs while limiting offensive programs can be viewed in only certain number of channels. With this in mind, the author then discusses government\u27s failed attempts to protect children on the Internet. First, it was the Communication Decency Act and the US Supreme Court held that it was insufficiently narrowly tailored and placed an unacceptable burden on adult speech. Second, there was the Child Online Protection Act, but the high court only addressed a narrow issue of community standard. Third, the Children\u27s Internet Protection Act was reviewed by a District Court and is awaiting the high court\u27s ruling in July 2003. In her approach, the author suggests that the proper question to ask in this discussion is what would it take to protect children at this time in this particular media? She points out courts are looking at the effects of rapid technological advances on the economic structure and the law. Hence, a clearer standards will help to ensure everyone\u27s rights are protected

Imdeduya - Variants of a myth of love and hate from the Trobriand Islands of Papua New Guinea

This volume presents five variants of the Imdeduya myth: two versions of the actual myth, a short story, a song and John Kasaipwalova’s English poem “Sail the Midnight Sun”. This poem draws heavily on the Trobriand myth which introduces the protagonists Imdeduya and Yolina and reports on Yolina’s intention to marry the girl so famous for her beauty, on his long journey to Imdeduya’s village and on their tragic love story. The texts are compared with each other with a final focus on the clash between orality and scripturality. Contrary to Kasaipwalova’s fixed poetic text, the oral Imdeduya versions reveal the variability characteristic for oral tradition. This variability opens up questions about traditional stability and destabilization of oral literature, especially questions about the changing role of myth – and magic – in the Trobriand Islanders' society which gets more and more integrated into the by now “literal” nation of Papua New Guinea. This e-book is available under the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 license

Prioritizing municipal lead mitigation projects as a relaxed knapsack optimization: a method and case study

Lead pipe remediation budgets are limited and ought to maximize public health impact. This goal implies a non-trivial optimization problem; lead service lines connect water mains to individual houses, but any realistic replacement strategy must batch replacements at a larger scale. Additionally, planners typically lack a principled method for comparing the relative public health value of potential interventions and often plan projects based on non-health factors. This paper describes a simple process for estimating child health impact at a parcel level by cleaning and synthesizing municipal datasets that are commonly available but seldom joined due to data quality issues. Using geocoding as the core record linkage mechanism, parcel-level toxicity data can be combined with school enrollment records to indicate where young children and lead lines coexist. A harm metric of estimated exposure-years is described at the parcel level, which can then be aggregated to the project level and minimized globally by posing project selection as a 0/1 knapsack problem. Simplifying further for use by non-experts, the implied linear programming relaxation is solved intuitively with the greedy algorithm; ordering projects by benefit cost ratio produces a priority list which planners can then consider holistically alongside harder to quantify factors. A case study demonstrates the successful application of this framework to a small U.S. city's existing data to prioritize federal infrastructure funding. While this paper focuses on lead in drinking water, the approach readily generalizes to other sources of residential toxicity with disproportionate impact on children.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures; revise and exten

Pioneering Practice and the Disrupted Metropolis: George B. Ford and the Emergence of City Planning in the Early Twentieth Century

This work assesses the evolution and formative influences on the development of city planning in the early decades of the twentieth century. The research uses the career of pioneering American practitioner George B. Ford as a lens through which to explore the professionalization of planning from 1909 to 1931. In particular, this study investigates the transnational role of the Great War in the field’s development and the role of civic service and nongovernmental organizations in support of planning’s formation. The narrative also addresses the evolution of planning within the context of unregulated and chaotic urban change more broadly, including the devastation from natural disaster, and interprets the relationship between the urban core and the metropolitan region. As the identification of the “expertise” of the planner evolved, the disciplinary neutrality of the practitioner helped to establish the planner’s unique identity. Ford was distinctive for his involvement in some of the field’s most relevant early milestones, including his transnational engagement in France and work on the post-war city plan for Reims, which was one of the largest and most historic cities devastated as a result of the war and the first such plan approved under French law. In addition, Ford was involved in the pre-war era of plan design in America, New York’s 1916 Zoning Resolution, the pioneering official adoption of a comprehensive plan at Cincinnati (1925) and the Regional Plan of New York and Its Environs

Becoming a resisting reader : enacting and enabling a feminist reading of women in Livy

In Rescuing Creusa: New Methodological Approaches to Women in Antiquity\ud both Marilyn Skinner and Phyllis Culham struggle with what it means to be a feminist\ud scholar of classical sources. The problems faced by a feminist scholar of the classics are\ud daunting and manifold. The classical texts we read are misogynistic, the societies we\ud study are patriarchal and the scholarly framework and critical methodologies that are\ud most widely accepted either cannot or choose not to see women and female characters in\ud their own right. Both women, while giving credit where it’s due, struggle with the\ud structure and sustainability of the broad survey work feminist scholars have tried to do.\ud The traditional methods cannot work for the study of women in ancient society and\ud classical literature because, while trying to adhere to the innately empiricist bias in\ud mainstream scholarship, feminist scholars are actually forced to rely more on speculation.\ud If we can get scholarship to value literature as a truly valid, if not comprehensive, source\ud then feminist textual readings, close literary analysis in the most traditional sense, can\ud have a chance of reinvigorating feminist scholarship. While literature cannot present us\ud with the factual truth that historians usually crave, it can provide invaluable insight. We\ud must then become Judith Fetterly’s resisting reader; we must appreciate the text,\ud approach it with respect and then, only then, should we provide a critical and informed\ud evaluation of the text as it relates to women and feminism

The Metabolism of Desire: The Poetry of Guido Cavalcanti

The fact that Cavlacanti?s friend, Dante Alighieri, was a supremely fine poet ought not blind us to Cavalcanti?s own, rather different excellence. Both men were attracted to the dolce stil nuovo, the ?sweet new style? that emerged in thirteenth-century Florence. While Dante?s poetry was devoted to his childhood sweetheart, Beatrice, Cavalcanti?s poetry had more the tang of real-world experience: he struggled against unruly passions and sought instead to overcome love ? a source of torment and despair. It is chiefly through the translations of Rossetti and Pound that English-speaking readers have encountered Cavalcanti?s work. Pound?s famous translation, now viewed by some as antiquated, is remarkably different from the translation provided here in the graceful voice of poet David Slavitt. Working under the significant restraints of Cavalcanti?s elaborate formal structures, Slavitt renders an English translation faithful to the original poetry in both rhyme and rhythm