The kinetics of the reduction of the lipophilic quinone avarone by n-alkyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamides of various lipophilicities

Several NADH model compounds, N-alkyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamides, some of them possessing amphiphilic properties, have been synthesized, and the kinetics of their reaction with a biologically active liphophilic quinone, avarone, has been studied in a protic solvent both in the presence and absence of cationic, anionic or non-ionic surfactants. In the absence of micellar agents, the medium- and long-chain N-dodecyl (3) and N-heptadecyl (4) derivatives show a significant increase in the reaction rates compared to other model compounds, due to the stabilization of the semiquinone intermediate. Anionic surfactants retard the reaction, non-ionic surfactants slightly accelerate the reaction with the short-chain derivatives, and retard the reaction with the medium- and long-chain derivatives, and the cationic surfactants increase the reaction rate with all derivatives except the long-chain 4. The results support the e-p-e mechanism of the reduction of lipophilic quinones by NADH models in protic medium

Sensitivity optimization method for 4th order CBQ structure LP filter

This paper describes the design and optimization method for a 4th order low-pass filter designed as a cascade of biquarts and approximated by Butterworth. Schoeffler sensitivity, multiparameter sensitivity measurement, and Monte Carlo analysis were used for sensitivity measurement, filter tuning, and optimization confirmation. The constraints on the filter characteristics due to the Butterworth approximation are also presented, together with the constraints on optimization to obtain a narrow range of values for the filter elements. Three different types of optimization parameters were used to confirm the optimization method. Finally, a 4th order low pass filter with a cascade structure of biquarts was compared to a 4th order filter without feedback and confirmed to have lower sensitivity

Bidirectional DC/DC Power Converter for Hybrid Yacht Propulsion System

Typical application of bidirectional DC/DC power converter exists in hybrid cars. Recently, a similar approach has been applied in hybrid propelled ships as well. In this paper, a novel low power bidirectional DC/DC power converter of standard Buck/Boost topology has ben designed in order to explore possibilities of the high power design in maritime applications. In order to discover critical points of a design, thermal imaging has been investigated. The results clearly indicate that the proposed solution is more cost effective than a typical standard bidirectional DC/DC power converter. Likewise, the improvement in maneuvering of the propelled vessel system with two and more electric drives has been investigated and compared to a classical diesel, single engine propulsion system

Towards the new energy storage system for conventional cars

Lead-acid batteries are widely used in conventional cars. This electric energy storage system (ESS) has to be capable to store enough energy for cranking the conventional car after the weeks without additional charging. After the start of internal combustion engine (ICE) of conventional car synchronous machine usually called alternator start to generate electrical energy. Electric current supplied in this way should be rectified and stored in lead-acid battery for the next start-up. In this article a model of whole process was developed and simulated. Particularly, a supercapacitors were compared with lead-acid batteries and other battery types in sense of mass, reliability and other parameters. Results were confirmed by measurement on conventional car. Furthermore, possibility of replacement of lead-acid batteries with supercapacitors was analyzed

Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide in Criminal Law

Autor u ovom radu analizira odredbe novoga Kaznenog zakona kojima je u Republici Hrvatskoj od 1. siječnja 2013. godine uvelike izmijenjeno kaznenopravno uređenje usmrćenja na zahtjev i asistiranog suicida. Republika Hrvatska pristupila je kao 28. članica Europskoj uniji 1. srpnja 2013. godine u kojoj su do tada samo tri članice – Nizozemska, Belgija i Luksemburg- legalizirale određene oblike asistiranog suicida i/ili eutanazije. Temeljem članka 114. stavka 1. novoga Kaznenog zakona u Republici Hrvatskoj legalni su određeni oblici asistiranja u suicidu, a člankom 112. st. 3. bitno je izmijenjen zakonski opis kaznenog djela usmrćenja na zahtjev u odnosu na stari Kazneni zakon, tako da se zakonski opis kaznenog djela usmrćenja na zahtjev sada može poistovjetiti s eutanazijom. Autor uvodno izlaže koncept prava na život i „prava na smrt“, zatim obrađuje pojam smrti, pravne učinke smrti fizičke osobe i kriterije utvrđivanja smrti, osvrće se na definicije i pojmove eutanazije, pojam i karakteristike suicida, te potom analizira odredbe članka 112. st. 3. i članka 114. st. 1. novoga Kaznenog zakona kojima je regulirano usmrćenje na zahtjev i asistirani suicid uspoređujući ih s odredbama staroga Kaznenog zakona, pritom uzimajući u obzir odredbe Ustava Republike Hrvatske koje jamče pravo na život, međunarodne konvencije koje je RH ratificirala, konvencije i preporuke Vijeća Europe glede eutanazije i asistiranog suicida, medicinske propise, praksu Vrhovnog suda Republike Hrvatske i Europskog suda za ljudska prava te zakonska rješenja država koje su legalizirale eutanaziju i/ili asistirani suicid. U zaključku autor nastoji dati odgovor na etičke dileme glede legalizacije eutanazije i asistiranog suicida te iznosi svoj stav na koji bi način naš zakonodavac trebao regulirati pitanje eutanazije i asistiranog suicida.The author analyzes the provisions of the new Criminal Code of the Republic of Croatia from January 2013, which greatly changed the penal approach to euthanasia and assisted suicide. The Republic of Croatia joined the European Union on 1st July 2013 as the 28th member state. By that time, only three member states - the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg- legalized certain forms of assisted suicide and / or euthanasia. Based on Article 114, paragraph 1 of the new Criminal Code of the Republic of Croatia certain forms of assisted suicide were legalized. Article 112 paragraph 3 significantly altered the legal description of the offense of euthanasia compared to the previous Code so that the legal description of the crime of killing on demand can now be identified with euthanasia. In the introduction the author discusses the concept of the right to life and the "right to die" and then deals with the concept of death, the legal effects of death and the criteria for determining it. The author then refers to the definitions and concepts of euthanasia, the concept and characteristics of suicide, and further analyzes the provisions of Article 112, Paragraph 3 and Article 114, Paragraph 1. of the new Criminal Code regulating the euthanasia and assisted suicide by comparing them with the provisions of the previous Criminal Code. The author\u27s analysis takes into account the provisions of the Croatian Constitution guaranteeing the right to life, international conventions ratified by The Republic of Croatia, the conventions and recommendations of the European Council with regard to euthanasia and assisted suicide, but also takes into account medical regulations, the case-law of the Croatian Supreme Court, the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights and legal solutions of states that have legalized euthanasia and / or assisted suicide. In conclusion, the author attempts to answer the ethical dilemmas regarding the legalization of euthanasia and assisted suicide and gives his opinion on how Croatian legislators should regulate the issue of euthanasia and assisted suicide

Some determinants of phonemic and semantic verbal fluency

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je provjeriti razlike u broju reproduciranih riječi na testovima semantičke i fonemske verbalne fluentnosti s obzirom na spol te omjer 2. i 4. prsta kao indikatora prenatalne razine testosterona kod zdravih odraslih sudionika, te odrediti količinu reproduciranih riječi za pet slova hrvatske abecede (K, P, S, F i A). Podaci su prikupljeni na ukupno 119 sudionika (72 žene i 47 muškaraca). Za ispitivanje fonemske fluentnosti korištena su slova F, A, S, K i P, a za ispitivanje semantičke fluentnosti zadatak je bio nabrajanje životinja. Vrijeme za svaki zadatak bilo je ograničeno na 60 s. Također su izmjerene duljine 2. i 4. prsta na desnoj ruci, nakon čega je izračunat njihov omjer. Pokazalo se da žene imaju statistički značajno viši omjer 2. i 4. prsta nego muškarci. Analizom varijance uspoređen je učinak u verbalnoj fluentnosti s obzirom na spol i omjer 2. i 4. prsta i utvrđen je značajan glavni efekt spola kod fonemske fluentnosti, dok kod semantičke fluentnosti nije utvrđena nijedna značajna razlika. Usporedbom frekvencija navedenih riječi za pojedina slova dobivene su statistički značajne razlike između svih parova slova, osim između slova S i P. Najviše riječi sudionici su imali za slova K, P i S, što je u skladu s dosadašnjim istraživanjima koja su ispitivala frekvencije reproduciranih riječi za slova hrvatske abecede.The aim of this study was to examine the differences in semantic and phonemic fluency tests in healthy adult participants in relation to sex and 2:4 digit ratio which was an idicator of prenatal testosterone levels, and to establish the number of words generated for five letters of Croatian alphabet (K, P, S, F and A). The data was collected on 199 participants (72 female and 47 male). For assesment of phonemic fluency letters F, A, S, K and P were used, and in the case of semantic fluency the task was to name as many animals as possible. Time for every task was limitted to 60 s. Also, the lenghts of 2nd and 4th digits on the right hand were measured. T-test showed that females have higher 2:4th digit ratio than males. ANOVA showed a significant main effect of sex on the fonemic fluency task, with females generating more words than males, while on the semantic fluency task there were no significant main effects. Neither gender or digit ratio related differences on the semantic fluency task where significant. The comparison of frequencies for the five letters used revealed a significant differences among all the letters, except S and P. The highest frequences were found for the letters K, P and S, as expected

The origin and transformation of the administrative buildings built between 1790 and 1941 on Vojvodina territory

Upravne zgrade, pored religijskih, jesu najreprezentativniji javni objekti podignuti u okviru planskog naselja. Tokom istorije se nužno uspostavlja neraskidiva veza između izgrađene sredine i osobenosti društva. Razvoj arhitektonskih oblika, njegov nastanak, geneza i smena oblikovanja, zavise od socio-političkog, kulturološkog i istorijskog rasta društva. U načinu na koji su oblikovane upravne zgrade, moguće je, deduktivno, pratiti uspostavljanje, razvoj i izmenu upravnog sistema nad određenim prostorom. Tako nastala arhitektonska forma nemi je svedok minulih epoha.Administration building, in addition to religious, are the most representative public buildings which were built within a planned settlement. Throughout history, necessarily establishes an unbreakable link between the built environment and the characteristics of the society. Development of architectural forms, the occurrence, the genesis and the change of design depends on socio-political, cultural and historical growth of society. In manner in which the administrative building are designed, it is possible, deductively, monitor the establishment, development and amendment of the administrative system over a specified area. The resulting architectural form is silent witness of past eras

LLM in the Shell: Generative Honeypots

Honeypots are essential tools in cybersecurity. However, most of them (even the high-interaction ones) lack the required realism to engage and fool human attackers. This limitation makes them easily discernible, hindering their effectiveness. This work introduces a novel method to create dynamic and realistic software honeypots based on Large Language Models. Preliminary results indicate that LLMs can create credible and dynamic honeypots capable of addressing important limitations of previous honeypots, such as deterministic responses, lack of adaptability, etc. We evaluated the realism of each command by conducting an experiment with human attackers who needed to say if the answer from the honeypot was fake or not. Our proposed honeypot, called shelLM, reached an accuracy rate of 0.92.Comment: 5 pages. 1 figure 1 tabl