Possible opioid-saving effect of cannabis-based medicine using individual-based data from the Norwegian Prescription Database

Some ecological studies have shown that areas with higher use of cannabis may have lower opioid use and fewer opioid-related problems. Newer studies are questioning this finding. Few individually based studies have been performed. Using data from the Norwegian Prescription Database, this study investigated the individual level effect of prescribed cannabis extract (Sativex®) in prescription opioid users on their opioid use in the following year. Looking at all those filling a prescription for Sativex®, opioid use was only marginally lowered in the follow-up period. Some Sativex® users, however, filled more prescriptions for Sativex® and were able to reduce their opioid use substantially. Further studies are needed to elucidate more details on these patients, so as to know who can benefit from such cannabis-based extracts in reducing their opioid use

Uncertainty of stress path in fault stability assessment during CO<inf>2</inf> injection: Comparing smeaheia 3D geomechanics model with analytical approaches

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Preeclampsia in pregnancy and later use of antihypertensive drugs

We explored the association between preeclampsia and later use of antihypertensive drugs in a population-based study with data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Prescription Database. The study cohort consisted of 980,000 women having 2.1 million pregnancies during 1967–2012. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) were estimated in multivariate time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression models. Overall, the HR of later use of antihypertensive drugs was 2.0 (95 % CI 2.0–2.0) in women with one preeclamptic pregnancy compared to women without preeclamptic pregnancies. The HR increased by increasing number of preeclamptic pregnancies, both term and preterm pregnancies. In women with two or more preeclamptic pregnancies, the HR was 2.8 (2.7–3.0). The overall HR after 40 years of follow-up for women with one preeclamptic pregnancy was 1.3 (1.2–1.4) and for two or more preeclamptic pregnancies the HR was 1.6 (1.1–2.1). The first 5 years after the first birth, the HR of being dispensed antihypertensive drugs was higher in preterm [8.4 (7.7–9.1)] than term preeclamptic pregnancies [4.3(4.0–4.6)]. However, after 10 years, this difference was no longer present. The HR of later use of antihypertensive drugs increased with the number of preeclamptic pregnancies, and in the first 10 years the HR was higher after a preterm than a term preeclamptic pregnancy. Although the HR decreased with time since first birth, the risk was still elevated after 40 years. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited

AZ ÉLELMISZERGAZDASÁG KÜLKERESKEDELME 2016. év I–X. hónap

A mezőgazdasági és élelmiszeripari termékek kivitele 6607 millió eurót, behozatala 4216 millió eurót tett ki 2016 első tíz hónapjában. Az agrár-külkereskedelmi forgalom 2391 millió euró aktívumot eredményezett. A kivitel értéke 1,4 százalékkal, a behozatalé 4,8 százalékkal emelkedett, az aktívum 4,1 százalékkal, 103 millió euróval elmaradt a 2015. január–októberi értéktől. A mezőgazdasági és élelmiszeripari termékek részesedése a teljes nemzetgazdasági exportból 2016 októberében 8,9 százalék, 2016 január–októberi időszakában 8,5 százalék, az importból 2016 októberében 6,3 százalék, 2016 január–októberi időszakában 6,1 százalék volt. Az agrárexport aránya 2016 január–októberi időszakában 0,1 százalékponttal alacsonyabb, míg az import aránya 0,2 százalékponttal magasabb volt, mint 2015 első tíz hónapjában

Effect of brine-CO2 fracture flow on velocity and electrical resistivity of naturally fractured tight sandstones

Fracture networks inside geological CO2 storage reservoirs can serve as primary fluid flow conduit, particularly in low-permeability formations. While some experiments focused on the geophysical properties of brine- and CO2-saturated rocks during matrix flow, geophysical monitoring of fracture flow when CO2 displaces brine inside the fracture seems to be overlooked. We have conducted laboratory geophysical monitoring of fluid flow in a naturally fractured tight sandstone during brine and liquid CO2 injection. For the experiment, the low-porosity, low-permeability naturally fractured core sample from the Triassic De Geerdalen Formation was acquired from the Longyearbyen CO2 storage pilot at Svalbard, Norway. Stress-dependence, hysteresis and the influence of fluid-rock interactions on fracture permeability were investigated. The results suggest that in addition to stress level and pore pressure, mobility and fluid type can affect fracture permeability during loading and unloading cycles. Moreover, the fluid-rock interaction may impact volumetric strain and consequently fracture permeability through swelling and dry out during water and CO2 injection, respectively. Acoustic velocity and electrical resistivity were measured continuously in the axial direction and three radial levels. Geophysical monitoring of fracture flow revealed that the axial P-wave velocity and axial electrical resistivity are more sensitive to saturation change than the axial S-wave, radial P-wave, and radial resistivity measurements when CO2 was displacing brine, and the matrix flow was negligible. The marginal decreases of acoustic velocity (maximum 1.6% for axial Vp) compared to 11% increase in axial electrical resistivity suggest that in the case of dominant fracture flow within the fractured tight reservoirs, the use of electrical resistivity methods have a clear advantage compared to seismic methods to monitor CO2 plume. The knowledge learned from such experiments can be useful for monitoring geological CO2 storage where the primary fluid flow conduit is fracture network.acceptedVersio

Regolith and Host Rock Influences on CO\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e Leakage: Active Source Seismic Profiling Across the Little Grand Wash Fault, Utah

Understanding carbon dioxide (CO2) reservoir to surface migration is crucial to successful carbon capture and sequestration approaches; especially fault/reservoir interactions under injection pressure. Through seismic imaging, we explore regolith and shallow stratigraphy across the Little Grand Wash fault. The presence of natural CO2 seeps, travertine and tufa deposits confirm modern and ancient fault-controlled CO2 leakage. We consider this an analogue for a long-failed sequestration site. We estimate bulk porosity and fracture density for host rock, regolith, and fault zone from petrophysical relationships. When combined with existing geochemical and geological data, we characterize a 60 m wide damage zone that represents the primary surface delivery channel for CO2 originating from reservoir depths. Within this damage zone, low seismic velocities suggest sediments have formed through host rock chemical dissolution or mechanical weathering. In contrast, velocities within the adjacent host rock are consistent with low fracture density clastic rocks. We measure anomalously high seismic velocities within the fault zone along one profile that best represents a sealed (cemented/plugged) low permeability, relic flow channel. This suggests that shallow fault zone permeability varies along strike. While regional stress changes may account for decadal- to millennial-scale changes in CO2 pathways, we speculate that the total fluid pressure has locally reduced the fault\u27s minimum horizontal effective stress; thereby producing both low- and high-permeability fault segments that either block or promote fluid migration. Studying CO2 migration in this system can inform potential risks to future sequestration projects and guide monitoring efforts

A comparison of self-reported data on disability pension status with data from a nationwide administrative register

The original publication is available at:http://www.ntnu.no/ojs/index.php/norepid/article/viewFile/587/553bjectives: Validation studies of self-reported disability pension status have been scarce. The objective of this study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values of self-reported disability pension status using an official administrative register as reference standard. Methods: Data from Cohort of Norway (CONOR) surveys conducted in 2001 in the three Norwegian counties Oslo (HUBRO), Hedmark and Oppland (OPPHED) are included in this study, altogether 17,244 individuals. At the time of investigation, the subjects included in our study-population were aged 30-31, 40-41, 45-47 and 59-61 years. Self-reported data on disability pension status was compared with data from the nationwide population and housing census in Norway (Statistics Norway), performed November 3rd 2001. Data were linked using the unique 11-digit identification number, assigned to all individuals living in Norway. Results: Sensitivity and specificity for self-reported questions on disability pension were 97.6% (95% CI 91.1-94.1) and 96.8% (96.5-97.1). Positive and negative predictive values were 70.1% (67.9-72.3) and 99.8% (99.7-99.9). Validity measures in a subpopulation, those surveyed in October-November 2001, were almost identical as for the total study-population surveyed in 2001. Conclusion: The sensitivity of self-reported disability pension status was high. The positive predictive value was lower which may reflect a low prevalence

Tapering from Methadone or Buprenorphine during Pregnancy: Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Norway 1996-20

Background: The tapering of methadone or buprenorphine during pregnancy is an understudied and controversial issue. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent women tapered their opioid medication dose during pregnancy and what the neonatal outcomes were for those who tapered compared to the women who did not. Methods: The study was a mixed prospective/retrospective national cohort study of 123 Norwegian women in opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) during pregnancy and their neonates. A standardized questionnaire was administered to the women and medical information that could be used for verification was collected from hospitals and municipalities. Results: Two of the women came off the OMT-medication during pregnancy and another 15% tapered their OMT-medication dose more than 50%. The birth weights of methadone-exposed neonates of the women who tapered more than 50% were significantly higher than for the methadone-exposed neonates of the women tapering between 11 and 50%. No other significant differences were found. Conclusion: Pregnant women in OMT who taper their OMT-medication dose should be monitored closely. We need studies that document the maternal well-being and fetal safety of maternal tapering of the OMT-medication during pregnancy. This is the peer-reviewed but unedited manuscript version of the following article: Tapering from Methadone or Buprenorphine during Pregnancy: Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Norway 1996-2009. Welle-Strand GK, Skurtveit S, Tanum L, Waal H, Bakstad B, Bjarkø L, Ravndal E. Eur Addict Res. 2015;21(5):253-61. The final, published version is available at http://www.karger.com/?doi=10.1159/00038167

Kvetiapinmisbruk - myte eller realitet?

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Risk of diabetes after gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. A registry-based study of 230,000 women in Norway

This study aimed to use a population-based Prescription Database to explore later development of diabetes in women registered with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and/or preeclampsia in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) during 2004–8. We used two nationwide Norwegian registries, the Norwegian Prescription Database and the MBRN, to explore the onset of later diabetes after pregnancy complications, indicated by receiving prescriptions of drugs used to treat diabetes, in 230,000 women giving birth in 2004–8. The mean follow-up of the study cohort was 3.7 years. Five years after pregnancy, about 19 and 2% of women with GDM and preeclampsia, respectively, received drugs used to treat diabetes, compared to 0.5% of those without these complications. The risk of being dispensed drugs used to treat diabetes within the first years after pregnancy was estimated to be 41 times (95% CI: 35–47) and 3.0 times (95% CI: 2.4–3.6) higher in women with GDM and preeclampsia, respectively, compared to women without these pregnancy complications. Women with pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia or GDM had an increased risk of later diabetes, especially those having GDM. If the increase in frequency of GDM observed in MBRN in recent years is real, a further increase in diabetic women can be expected