Development and optimisation of a sex pheromone lure for monitoring populations of saddle gall midge, Haplodiplosis marginata

Saddle gall midge, Haplodiplosis marginata (von Roser) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a sporadic pest of cereals in Northern and Central Europe and is of increasing importance in the UK. Recently the major component of the sex pheromone produced by adult female H. marginata was reported to be 2-nonyl butyrate. The importance of absolute configuration on attractiveness, the effects on trap catches of the addition of minor pheromone components, dispenser type, and pheromone loading are described in the development of an optimised pheromone lure with which to trap H. marginata males. In analyses of volatiles collected from virgin female H. marginata by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to electroantennographic recording (EAG) from the antenna of a male H. marginata, two EAG responses were observed. Analyses by coupled GC-mass spectrometry (MS) indicated these were due to 2-nonyl butyrate and a trace amount (1%) of 2-heptyl butyrate. A similar trace amount of 2-nonanol was detected in GC-MS analyses but this compound did not elicit an EAG response when the synthetic compound was tested, whereas while the other two compounds did. These three compounds were not observed in collections of volatiles made from male H. marginata. The 2-nonyl butyrate was shown to be the (R)-enantiomer, and i. In field trapping tests (R)-2-nonyl butyrate was at least ten times10× more attractive to male H. marginata than the racemic compound, and while the (S)-enantiomer was unattractive. Addition of the potential minor components individually or together at the naturally -occurring ratios did not increase or reduce the attractiveness of the lure. Polyethylene vials and rubber septa were equally effective as pheromone dispensers, lasting for at least five 5 weeks in the field in the UK, although laboratory tests indicated release from the former was more uniform and more likely to last longer in the field. Increasing loading of pheromone in the dispenser increased attractiveness. Traps baited with polyethylene vials containing 0.5 mg of (R)-2-nonyl butyrate are recommended for monitoring H. marginata and these are far more sensitive than water or sticky traps currently used for monitoring this pest

Alguns Chloropidae (Diptera) de les Illes Balears (Espanya) amb especial referència al Parc Natural de s'Albufera de Mallorca

Abstract not availabl

The biology of Lygus rugulipennis Popp. (Het., Miridae) and the damage caused by this species to sugar beet

vokKirjasto Aj-kPeltoluteen biologiasta ja vioituksesta sokerijuurikkaass

Ocorrencia estacional e hábitos de Calosoma granulatum (Perty, 1830)(Coleoptera : Carabidae)e outros artrópodes terrestres em diferentes habitats

Orientador: Luis Amilton FoersterDissertaçao (mestrado) -Universidade Federal do Paraná. Curso de Pós-Graduaçao em EntomologiaResumo: Foi realizada a revisão bibliográfica dos principais insetos-predadores de hábitos terrestres, notadamente os Coleoptera da família Carabidae. Verificou-se a abundância estacionai de Calosoma granulatum (Perty, 1830) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) em diferentes habitats com quatro tipos de vegetação; soja, milho, mata e pastagem. Foi observada também sua atividade diária e atração por diferentes iscas e preservativos, assim como a constatação de outros artrópodes terrestres. Em todos os experimentos foram utilizadas armadilhas de solo, constituídas de dois copos de iogurte, que eram preparadas para capturas de 24 horas. Adultos de C. granulatum foram capturados em números significativos somente na soja 2 (Santa Rosa) , tendo sido janeiro o mês de maior ocorrência. Não foram expressivas as capturas desse carabídeo ocorridas na soja 1 (UFV-1) e milho. Em mata e pastagem o referido predador não foi capturado. Collembola, Formicidae, Staphylinidae e Araneida foram capturados em todos os tipos de vegetação, durante toda a pesquisa. De maneira geral, Collembola e Formicidae apresentaram maior abundância em pastagem e Staphylinidae apresentou maior ocorrência em soja. Araneida ocorreu em maior número em mata e pastagem, enquanto em soja e milho sua abundância foi relativamente menor. Foram ainda capturados insetos das ordens Orthoptera, Thysánoptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera e Hymenoptera, em soja, milho, mata e pastagem, sendo Diptera a ordem que apresentou maior número de exemplares capturados. 50 Adultos de C. granulatum mostraram atividade diurna, ocorrendo a partir do intervalo de 6-8 horas até 18-20 horas. Pedaços de carne bovina crua foram utilizados como isca, atraindo um número significativamente maior de C.granulatum e outros coleépteros, além de formigas, quando comparado ao número atraido pelas armadilhas que continham larvas de Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) e água como isca. Formol, álcool e água (testemunha) foram utilizados como preservativos, não havendo influência na captura de C. granulatum. Para outros coleépteros e formigas, no entanto, o álcool e o formol atraíram consideravelmente mais insetos. Em laboratório, adultos de C. granulatum preferiram como alimento larvas de A. gemmatalis vivas ou mortas. O alimento menos preferido foi cadáveres de C . granulatum , tendo sido somente um consumido após 47 horas. Quando em jejum, adultos de C. granulatum consumiram até cinco larvas de A.gemmatalis de 5º instar por dia; com o apetite saciado, consumiram apenas duas.Abstract: A literature review on the main insect soil predators, particularly Coleoptera of the Carabidae family was carried out. The seasonal abundance of Calosoma granulatum (Perty, 1830) (Coleoptera : Carabidae) in soybean, maize, grassland and forest soils was investigated. The diel periodicity of C. granulatum, and its attraction by different baits and preservatives together with other soil arthropods was studied. Insects were captured in the field with pitfall traps made of yogurt cups with the opening placed at the soil level. Adults of C. granulatum were captured in significant numbers in late-planted soybean fields, with higher incidence during January. The occurence of this carabid on early-planted soybean and maize was markedly lower and absent from grassland and forest soils. Collembola, Formicidae, Staphylinidae and spiders were captured in all kinds of vegetation, throughout the survey. Collem bola and Formicidae were most common in grassland and Staphylinidae was found in higher numbers in soybean soil. Spiders were more abundant in grassland and forest soils. Specimens of the following Orders were also captured ; Orthoptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera. Diptera was the most abundant in all habitats . Adults of C. granulatum were active from 6 a.m. until 20 p.m. and no specimens were captured during the night hours. It was concluded that baits of fresh meat attracted a significantly higher number of adults of C granulatum and other' coleopterous when compared to baits of lepidopterous larvae or wa ter. Formaldehyde, alcohol and water used as preservatives did not show any influence on the attraction of C. granulatum. However other coleopterous and ants showed preference for alcohol and formaldehyde - containing traps. Lepidopterous larvae (Anticarsia gemmatalis) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) , alive or dead were the prefered diet of C. granulatum, whereas stink-bugs and dead C. granulatum were not consumed by this predator. Adults fasting consumed significantly more lepidopterous larvae than adults recently fed

Biosystematics and the evolution of gall formation in hackberry psyllids Pachypsylla (Insecta: Homoptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae)

This dissertation is a study of the phylogeny and evolutionary biology of gall formation in psyllids of the subfamily Spondyliaspidinae, with particular focus on North American hackberry gallers in the genus Pachypsylla. Species in this genus produce a variety of gall types on the leaves, petioles, buds and twigs of their hosts, four species of Celtis subgen. Euceltis (Ulmaceae). The homogeneity of adult morphology in Pachypsylla, contrasted to the great variation in gall morphology and phenology, has led to much difficulty in delimiting species. Chapter I investigates species limits as related to gall type and host specificity in Pachypsylla. Strong differences in allozymes, morphology and life history confirm that leaf, petiole, bud and twig gallers belong to different species or species groups. Different leaf gall morphs probably also represent different species, as evidenced by significant allozyme frequency differences among sympatric pairs of gall morphs, consistent frequency difference between co-occurring morphs across localities, and discrete differences in gall type between progenies of individual females. Differences in allozymes, female phenology, adult and nymphal coloration, as well as laboratory rearings and field manipulations, show that side cell individuals within two nipple gall types represent an inquiline sibling species (Chapter II). Chapter III is an analysis of phylogenetic relationships within Pachypsylla, based on allozyme, morphological, life history and chromosome characters. Galler populations attacking the same plant tissue form monophyletic groups. The leaf galler morphs are little diverged, and phylogenetic relationships among them are unclear. Populations of inquilines from two different gall types appear closely related; the inquiline appears to be derived from a gall-forming ancestor. Phylogenetic relationships among gallers on different plant parts are consistent with an evolutionary sequence of gall position from leaf to petiole to bud to twig. Chapter IV is a morphological study of phylogenetic relationships within Spondyliaspidinae. The tribe Pachypsyllini, including Pachypsylla and two related Celtis feeders, is monophyletic. The tree favors the hypothesis of Burckhardt over that of White and Hodkinson. The distribution of lerp and gall formation is shown to be non-random within Spondyliaspidinae

Pest status of olive leaf gall midge Dasineura oleae (Angelini, 1831), description of Lasioptera oleicola Skuhravá sp. new (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and effectiveness of parasitoids on their populations in Hatay Turkey

During investigations conducted in 2007-2010 in Hatay Province, Turkey, two species of gall midges, Dasineura oleae (Angelini, 1831) and Lasioptera oleicola Skuhravá sp. new were reared from galls on leaves and shoots of Olea europaea L. Average level of infestation on olive leaves and shoots by gall midges was 15.2 % and the highest level 78.2 %. Olive leaves, normally evergreen and outlasting on branches for several years, seriously injured by gall midges fell off and defoliage resulted in loss of ability to product flower buds and fruits in the following year. Dasineura oleae causing significant reduction or loss of yield of olive fruits is a serious pest of olive tree and we declare here its pest status. Population levels of gall midges on olive leaves were significantly reduced by 12 species of parasitic Hymenoptera belonging to five families, viz. Platygaster oleae Szelenyi, 1940 (Platygastridae); Eupelmus urozonus Dalman 1820 (Eupelmidae); Torymus phillyreae Ruschka, 1921 (Torymidae); Mesopolobus mediterraneus (Mayr, 1903), Mesopolobus diffinis (Walker, 1834) and Mesopolobus aspilus (Walker, 1835) (Pteromalidae); Quadrastichus dasineurae Doganlar, LaSalle, Sertkaya & Doganlar, 2009, Aprostocetus samandagus Doğanlar 2011, Aprostocetus lasiopterus Doğanlar 2011, Zeytinus hatayensis Doğanlar 2011 and additional 2 undescribed species of the genus Aprostocetus (Eulophidae). Larvae of these parasitoids kill larvae and pupae of gall midges inside galls. Total level of parasitism amounts 66.2 %. E. urozonus, P. oleae and Q. dasineurae are three main parasitoids reared from galls of D. oleae and L. oleicola sp. new They are very effective and reduce significantly the populations of D. oleae in galls, together for about 70 %, and may beevaluated as important supressors of olive leaf gall midges. Lasioptera oleicola Skuhravá sp. new is described, its taxonomically important features are illustrated and some biological data are given.Hatay - Türkiye’de 2007-2010 yılları arasında yapılan çalışmada Zeytin ağacı, Olea europea L.,’nın sürgün ve yapraklarında bulunan gallerden iki gall sineği, Zeytin yaprak siğili, Dasineura oleae (Angelini 1831), ve Lasioptera oleicola Skuhravá sp. new, elde edilmiştir. Gal sineklerinin zeytin ağaçlarının yaprak ve sürgünlerinde yaptıkları enfeksiyon düzeyi ortalama % 15.2 ve en yüksek ise % 78.2 olmuştur. Zeytin ağaçlarının yaprakları herdem yeşil olup yıllar boyunca ağaç üzerinde kalmaktadır. Ancak gal sinekleri tarafından yapraklar zarara uğrayınca dökülmekte ve bunun sonucunda müteakip yılda yüksek düzeyde çiçek gözleri ve dolayısıyla meyve verimi büyük kayıplara uğramaktadır. Bu nedenle Zeytin yaprak siğili oluşturduğu verim kayıpları dolayısıyla önemli bir zararlı olarak görülmektedir. Bu gall sineklerinin poopülasyonlarını engelleyen en önemli ölüm faktörleri olarak Hymenoptera takımına giren 5 familyadan 12 tür larva veya pupa parazitoiti belirlenmiştir. Bu parazitoitler: Platygastridae: Platygaster oleae Szelenyi, 1940, Eupelmidae: Eupelmus urozonus Dalman, 1820, Torymidae: Torymus phillyreae Ruschka 1921, Pteromalidae: Mesopolobus mediterraneus (Mayr, 1903), Mesopolobus diffinis (Walker. 1834), Mesopolobus aspilus (Walker, 1835), Eulophidae: Quadrastichus dasineurae Doganlar, Lasalle, Sertkaya & Doganlar, 2009, Aprostocetus samandagus Doğanlar, 2011, Aprostocetus lasiopterus Doğanlar, 2011, Zeytinus hatayensis Doğanlar 2011, ve ayrıca Aprostocetus cinsine giren ve henüz teşhisi yapılmamış 2 tür belirlenmiştir. Bu parazitoitlerin larvaları gal sineklerinin galler içinde bulunan larva ve pupalarını öldürmektedirler. Toplam parazitlenme oranı % 66.2’yi bulmaktadır. D.oleae ve Lasioptera oleicola sp. new gallerinden elde edilen en önemli 3 tür E. urozonus, P. oleae ve Q. dasineurae’dir. Bu türler gal sineklerinin popülâsyonlarını baskı altında tutmakta ve toplam parazitlemenin % 70’e varan bölümü bu türlerce yapılmaktadır. İlerde bu zararlıların üzerinde baskı unsurları olarak kullanılabilecekleri düşünülebilir

Aprionus spiniger

<i>Aprionus spiniger</i> (Kieffer, 1894) Material <p>SLOVAK REPUBLIC: 1 ♂, Bukovské vrchy Mts, Runina, 29 Jun.–3 Jul. 2015, SW, T. Sikora leg. (TSPC).</p> Distribution <p>Common and widely distributed in the Holarctic realm (Gagné & Jaschhof 2014), including CZ and SK (Skuhravá 2004, 2009). An additional record from north-east Slovakia.</p>Published as part of <i>Sikora, Tomáš, Jaschhof, Mathias & Ševčík, Jan, 2017, Glossostyles perspicua gen. et sp. nov. and other fungivorous Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) new to the Czech and Slovak Republics, pp. 1-29 in European Journal of Taxonomy 303</i> on page 10, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.303, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3825816">http://zenodo.org/record/3825816</a&gt

Camptomyia spinifera Mamaev 1961

<i>Camptomyia spinifera</i> Mamaev, 1961 Material <p>SLOVAK REPUBLIC: 1 ♂, Poľana BR, Hrončecký grúň NNR, 10 Aug.–9 Oct. 2005, MT, J. Roháček and J. Ševčík leg. (TSPC).</p> Distribution <p>Reported as new to CZ by Skuhravá (2004). New to SK.</p>Published as part of <i>Sikora, Tomáš, Jaschhof, Mathias & Ševčík, Jan, 2017, Glossostyles perspicua gen. et sp. nov. and other fungivorous Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) new to the Czech and Slovak Republics, pp. 1-29 in European Journal of Taxonomy 303</i> on page 18, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.303, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3825816">http://zenodo.org/record/3825816</a&gt