The Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) of Three Spectrometers for the ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter

The Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) package is an element of the Russian contribution to the ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) mission. ACS consists of three separate infrared spectrometers, sharing common mechanical, electrical, and thermal interfaces. This ensemble of spectrometers has been designed and developed in response to the Trace Gas Orbiter mission objectives that specifically address the requirement of high sensitivity instruments to enable the unambiguous detection of trace gases of potential geophysical or biological interest. For this reason, ACS embarks a set of instruments achieving simultaneously very high accuracy (ppt level), very high resolving power (>10,000) and large spectral coverage (0.7 to 17 μm—the visible to thermal infrared range). The near-infrared (NIR) channel is a versatile spectrometer covering the 0.7–1.6 μm spectral range with a resolving power of ∼20,000. NIR employs the combination of an echelle grating with an AOTF (Acousto-Optical Tunable Filter) as diffraction order selector. This channel will be mainly operated in solar occultation and nadir, and can also perform limb observations. The scientific goals of NIR are the measurements of water vapor, aerosols, and dayside or night side airglows. The mid-infrared (MIR) channel is a cross-dispersion echelle instrument dedicated to solar occultation measurements in the 2.2–4.4 μm range. MIR achieves a resolving power of >50,000. It has been designed to accomplish the most sensitive measurements ever of the trace gases present in the Martian atmosphere. The thermal-infrared channel (TIRVIM) is a 2-inch double pendulum Fourier-transform spectrometer encompassing the spectral range of 1.7–17 μm with apodized resolution varying from 0.2 to 1.3 cm−1. TIRVIM is primarily dedicated to profiling temperature from the surface up to ∼60 km and to monitor aerosol abundance in nadir. TIRVIM also has a limb and solar occultation capability. The technical concept of the instrument, its accommodation on the spacecraft, the optical designs as well as some of the calibrations, and the expected performances for its three channels are described

Methodological aspects of the integration of technological processing aids in the process stream of beet sugar production

The modern trends in the application of technological processing aids in the domestic beet sugar technology were considered. It is shown that the means used are characterized by a high technological effect, prolonged action, target application of means is technologically and economically feasible, local technologies are fixed in scientific and technical documentation, control of residual compounds in the finished product is carried out at their expense, methods for determining the active substances in white sugar, pulp, molasses are not available, the bulk of foreign-made means. It is noted that each agent efficiency and safety is considered as extremely specialized orientation on the local area of application, but not in a consistent manner – the entire production flow. The necessity of integrating application technology of processing aids in technological stream. We outlined a range of research areas to create a system of integrated process application of technological processing aids in the sugar production, focused on stability augmentation of technological flow functioning, safety of the finished product. Initial requirements for this system, providing integration of processing aids with the process stream were developed. Methodical approaches to the assessment of collective effect of means, based on the identification of synergistic or antagonistic effects were formed. Methodical aspects of formation of structures scheme of the system of integrated technologies, including technological decomposition with the release of area of collective effect of specific means, identification of synergism and antagonism, deep analysis of the causes of manifestation of the latter, its leveling or minimization based on the integration of technology or technical solutions were listed. The formation of the block diagram of integrated technology by the example of an area of the process stream from purified juice condensation to the I crystallisation massecuite reception was considered, during the process stream antiscalant and surfactants were used. It is noted that the collective effect of the process of boiling at the stage of formation and the growth of sucrose crystals was accompanied by an antagonistic effect. For integration of technology application of antiscalant in process stream it is prescribed the use of integration technological solution – establishment of filtering syrup process through a filtering partition with a pore diameter of 30–50 microns