750 research outputs found

    Risk Estimation of Coronary Artery Disease using Phonocardiography

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    When humor and laughter come before crying

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    Norsk sammendrag: Bakgrunn: NÄr kreftsykepleieren mÞter kreftpasienten i palliativ fase kan livssituasjonen ofte vÊre preget av alvor, fordi sykdommen truer livet. Pasienten kan ha problemer pÄ sÄ vel de fysiske, psykiske, sosiale, Ändelige og eksistensielle omrÄde. Som kreftsykepleier skal hun bidra til at pasienten fÄr en god livskvalitet i den tiden han har igjen av sitt liv. Gjennom kommunikasjon med pasienten kan vi finne ut hva pasientens behov og utfordringer kan vÊre. Hensikt: FormÄlet med oppgaven er Ä undersÞke og drÞfte om fenomenet humor kan bli brukt for Ä oppnÄ en bedre kommunikasjon, mellom kreftsykepleier og kreftpasient hvor pasienten er i palliativ fase. Metode: Vi bruker litteratur som metode, som bygger pÄ kunnskap fra fagbÞker og andre skriftlige tekstkilder, sÞk i databaser, sett i sammenheng med erfaringer fra praksisfeltet. DrÞfting/funn: Det fremheves at humor er en viktig del av menneskes hverdag, og humor kan vÊre med Ä bygge opp relasjonen mellom kreftpasienten og kreftsykepleier, sÄ lenge den ikke krenker andre. Humor er ogsÄ viktig for pasienten, fordi det kan vÊre en mÄte Ä uttrykke seg pÄ. Funnene viser til at man mÄ vÊre fÞlsom i hver enkelte situasjon, og mennesket man stÄr ovenfor, ved bruk av humor. Konklusjon: Humor er et middel som kan brukes i kommunikasjon, men det stiller visse betingelser for nÄr, og hvordan humor bÞr brukes. NÄr kreftsykepleier vet med hvem, hvordan, og i hvilken situasjon hun kan bruke humor, sÄ kan det fremme pasientens tillit til henne. For pasienten kan humor bety mestring, og samtidig vÊre hans mÄte Ä kommunisere pÄ for Ä fÄ oppmerksomhet fra kreftsykepleieren, som har ansvar for hans omsorg.English abstract: Background: When the oncology nurse meets the patient with cancer in a palliative stage living conditions can often be severe, because the disease has a great impact on his life. The patient can struggle with problems physically, psychologically, socially, existentially and spiritually. As an oncology nurse she has to help the patient to retain a good quality of life in the remaining time of his life. Through communication with the pasient we can find out what his needs and challenges can be. Aim: The purpose of this study is to do research and discuss whether the phenomenon of humor can be used to improve communication between oncology nurse and patient, in which the patient is in a palliative stage. Method: We use literature as a method, based on the knowledge of textbooks and other written materials, and database searches, in a context with practice. Discussion/findings: It is highlighted that humor is an important part of human life, and humor can help to build relationships between the cancer patient and oncology nurse as long as it not offends the other person. Humor is also important for the patient self, because it may be a way to express himself. The findings show that you have to be careful in every situation, also towards the person you face. Conclusion: Humor can be used as a way of communication, but some conditions are to be set for when and how humor should be used. If the oncology nurse knows who, how and in what situation she can use humor, this may increase the confidence of the patient in her. For the patient humor can mean coping, and can simultaneously be his way to get attention from the nurse, who has the responsibility for his care

    GREEN ACCOUNTING IN NORWEGIAN CONSTRUCTION

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    This master’s thesis aims to explore the application of Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) in the Norwegian construction industry. EMA is an accounting method that assists companies in identifying, measuring, and managing their environmental impacts, costs, and benefits. With the introduction of the Corporate Sustainable Reporting Directive (CSRD) in the EU, more actors in the industry will be required to report in accordance with the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), which include Environmental, Social & Governance (ESG) reporting requirements. To achieve the objectives of the thesis, a qualitative multi-case study has been conducted, involving five selected actors in the construction industry who will fall under the scope of CSRD in 2024/25. The study maps out how these companies use EMA for reporting purposes and how their control systems facilitate effective reporting. The findings reveal significant variation in the level of EMA use and associated tools among the companies in the industry studied. Companies with a longer history of sustainability reporting demonstrate greater sophistication in their use of EMA. These companies possess more advanced tools and have automated reporting processes to a greater extent. However, the implementation of EMA faces several challenges in the industry, including the complexity of the CSRD, underdeveloped data collection tools, and the management of substantial amounts of data. The insights generated from this master’s thesis provide a systematic overview of EMA practices in the Norwegian construction industry while also identifying challenges that need to be addressed to achieve more efficient and comprehensive reporting in line with CSRD and ESRS

    Frafall blant dommere i norsk fotball

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    Defence Budgets in the Post-Cold War Era: A Spatial Econometrics Approach

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    This paper examines the determinants of national defence budgets in the post-Cold War era using a spatial econometric framework. Using data for 124 countries over a 16 year time period, I examine spatial relationships in defence spending to investigate how countries account for the military spending of other countries when setting their budgets. Using specially developed weighting matrices, the regression results indicate that defence budgets are positively spatially correlated. These results provide support for the use of "external" factors when examining defence budgets over this time period. The importance of a country's spatial location when setting its budget is further examined through the identification of regions of high and low defence spending

    A stranger at home. Third Culture Kids return and identity development.

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    Bacheloroppgave, grunnskolelĂŠrerutdanning, 2014.Norsk: Denne oppgaven omhandler trekulturelle barns hjemkomst fra vertslandet og identitetsutvikling. FĂžrst kommer en definisjon og beskrivelse av trekulturelle barn. Deretter blir det lagt frem teori om nĂ„r barnet kommer tilbake til hjemlandet sitt etter utenlandsopphold. Hvordan det oppleves, og hvilke utfordringer som mĂžter det. Oppgaven tar ogsĂ„ for seg identitetsutviklingen til barnet sett i lys av den trekulturelle erfaringen. Hvordan dette pĂ„virker identiteten dens, og hvilke utfordringer som kommer pĂ„ bane med tanke pĂ„ Ă„ vĂŠre trekulturell. Forfatteren har selv trekulturell bakgrunn, og legger frem to erfaringer som drĂžftes sammen med teorien som fremstilles. Oppgaven konkluderer med at hjemkomsten er en lang prosess preget av en rekke utfordringer fĂžr barnet finner sin plass. Identitetsutviklingen er avhengig av trygge rammer Ă„ utvikle seg innenfor, og en stadig kamp om Ă„ integrere sin bakgrunn og sine opplevelser i identiteten sin.English: This thesis is about Third Culture Kids (TCK) and their experiences while returning home, and their identity development. The thesis starts by giving the reader a definition and description of what a TCK is. It tells about the challenges that meet the TCK upon arrival to their home country, and how their experiences are. The thesis also tells about how the children develop their identity, considering their third culture experience. How this affects their identity, and what challenges they encounter. The author was a TCK herself, and shares two experiences that will be discussed in light of the obtained theory. The thesis concludes that the return is characterized by a long process of challenges that lead to the TCK settling inn and finding their place. The TCK’s identity is recognized by a struggle of integrating their background and experiences in its identity

    The Two Faces of Canadian Agriculture in a Post-Staples Economy

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    This article traces the evolution of agriculture from a staples to a mature staples sector in the post-staples Canadian economy. It examines the situation of agricultural producers in the domestic and international political economy and traces the factors which have led to its structural transformation. Public policies are deeply implicated in this transformation, and accordingly, the changing patterns of relations between state actors and the agri-food sector are given attention. Four periods of structural transition and patterns of state-sector relationships are identified. The first, expansionist phase, extended from the late nineteenth to the 1930s when agricultural commodities were integral to the development of the Canadian economy and political community. The second period, from the 1930s to the end of the Second World War, marked an interregnum when agriculture merited attention not simply because of its service to broader national goals, but also because of recognition of structural disadvantages faced by thousands of individual commodity producers in a market economy. The third period, from the end of the Second World War through to the early 1980s, witnessed significant structural and policy changes in the sector in quest of rendering the sector more productive and profitable. The transition to a mature staples sector was supported by state intervention in agricultural markets and a financial safety net for producers. In the current fourth phase, since the early 1980s, changes in the international political economy, domestic fiscal deficits, and ideological shifts have precipitated a new competitiveness model. Strategies that are market-oriented and give incentives to adding value to raw commodities are in vogue

    Standardisering av informasjonsflyten i tegningslĂžse modellbaserte prosjekter innenfor byggetekniske fag

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    Byggebransjen utvikles kontinuerlig, bÄde med tanke pÄ utfÞrelse og verktÞyene som benyttes pÄ byggeplass men ogsÄ hvordan selve prosjekteringsprosessen gjennomfÞres. Bruken av BIM i stÞrre prosjekter blir mer og mer vanlig, men potensialet som ligger i BIM som verktÞy utnyttes i mange tilfeller svÊrt lite effektivt. Det blir i mange prosjekter produsert bÄde modell og tegninger for Ä sikre at produksjonen pÄ byggeplass ikke skal forsinkes, da entreprenÞrer ikke fÞler seg sikre pÄ hvordan de pÄ en rasjonell mÄte skal kunne hente ut nÞdvendig informasjon som ligger i modellene. Ut ifra tidligere erfaringer bÄde personlig og for oppdragsgiver knyttet til tegningslÞse modellbaserte prosjekter er det avdekket flere behov knyttet til standardisering og optimalisering av prosjekteringsprosessen i slike prosjekter. Oppgaven er bygd opp som en litteraturstudie, hvor standardverk og kravdokumenter fra stÞrre byggherrer har blitt gjennomgÄtt og sett opp imot prosessene og prosedyrene som i dag benyttes i COWI. Metodene som har blitt benyttet i forbindelse med gjennomfÞringen av litteraturstudien er bruk av eksisterende data og dokumentgjennomgang av aktuelle dokumenter knyttet til valg emne. Basert pÄ gjennomfÞrt dokumentgjennomgang kommer det tydelig frem krav og fÞringer i forhold til hvordan BIM-modeller skal utarbeides, og hvilke krav som stilles til validering, parametere og aktuell informasjon som skal tilfÞres modellene. Hvordan samhandlingsprosessene i prosjekteringsgruppen skal gjennomfÞres, og hvordan BIM-modellene skal brukes pÄ byggeplass varierer veldig fra ulike prosjekter, da disse prosessene forelÞpig ikke omfattes av noen krav i standardverket. Her er det best practice som gjelder og kvaliteten og effektiviteten pÄ disse avhenger av kompetanse og erfaringene som prosjekteringsgruppen innehar
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