The effect of homogenization at different pressures on the physical properties of an ice cream mixture and the resulting ice cream

The data presented in this bulletin were taken from a thesis submitted by the junior author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Graduate School of the University of Missouri, 1927--P. [3].Includes bibliographical references (page 24)

SERS Microsensors for the Study of pH Regulation in Cystic Fibrosis Patient-Derived Airway Cultures

Acidification of the airway surface liquid in the respiratory system could play a role in the pathology of Cystic Fibrosis, but its low volume and proximity to the airway epithelium make it a challenging biological environment in which to noninvasively collect pH measurements. To address this challenge, we explored surface enhanced Raman scattering microsensors (SERS-MS), with a 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) pH reporter molecule, as pH sensors for the airway surface liquid of patient-derived in vitro models of the human airway. Using air–liquid interface (ALI) cultures to model the respiratory epithelium, we show that SERS-MS facilitates the optical measurement of trans-epithelial pH gradients between the airway surface liquid and the basolateral culture medium. SERS-MS also enabled the successful quantification of pH changes in the airway surface liquid following stimulation of the Cystic Fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR, the apical ion channel that is dysfunctional in Cystic Fibrosis airways). Finally, the influence of CFTR mutations on baseline airway surface liquid pH was explored by using SERS-MS to measure the pH in ALIs grown from Cystic Fibrosis and non-Cystic Fibrosis donors

X-raying the Beating Heart of a Newborn Star: Rotational Modulation of High-energy Radiation from V1647 Ori

We report a periodicity of ~1 day in the highly elevated X-ray emission from the protostar V1647 Ori during its two recent multiple-year outbursts of mass accretion. This periodicity is indicative of protostellar rotation at near-breakup speed. Modeling of the phased X-ray light curve indicates the high-temperature (~50 MK), X-ray-emitting plasma, which is most likely heated by accretion-induced magnetic reconnection, resides in dense (>~5e10 cm-3), pancake-shaped magnetic footprints where the accretion stream feeds the newborn star. The sustained X-ray periodicity of V1647 Ori demonstrates that such protostellar magnetospheric accretion configurations can be stable over timescales of years.Comment: 26 pages, 10 figure

10 khz shifted-excitation Raman difference spectroscopy with charge-shifting charge-coupled device read-out for effective mitigation of dynamic interfering backgrounds

In this work we demonstrate an advanced concept of a charge-shifting charge-coupled device (CCD) read-out combined with shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) capable of operating at up to 10 kHz acquisition rates for the effective mitigation of fast-evolving interfering backgrounds in Raman spectroscopy. This rate is 10-fold faster than that achievable with an instrument we described previously and is overall 1000-fold faster than possible with conventional spectroscopic CCDs capable of operating at up to ∼10 Hz rates. The speed enhancement was realized by incorporating a periodic mask at the internal slit of an imaging spectrometer permitting a smaller shift of the charge on the CCD (8 pixels) to be required during the cyclic shifting process compared with the earlier design which employed an 80-pixel shift. The higher acquisition speed enables the more accurate sampling of the two SERDS spectral channels, enabling it to effectively tackle highly challenging situations with rapidly evolving interfering fluorescence backgrounds. The performance of the instrument is evaluated for heterogeneous fluorescent samples which are moved rapidly in front of the detection system aiming at the differentiation of chemical species and their quantification. The performance of the system is compared with that of the earlier 1 kHz design and a conventional CCD operated at its maximum rate of 5.4 Hz as previously. In all situations tested, the newly developed 10 kHz system outperformed the earlier variants. The 10 kHz instrument can benefit a number of prospective applications including: disease diagnosis where high sensitivity mapping of complex biological matrices in the presence of natural fluorescence bleaching restricts achievable limits of detection; accurate data acquisition from moving heterogeneous samples (or moving a handheld instrument in front of the sample during data acquisition) or data acquisition under varying ambient light conditions (e.g., due to casting shadows, sample or instrument movement). Other beneficial scenarios include monitoring rapidly evolving Raman signals in the presence of largely static background signals such as in situations where a heterogeneous sample is moving rapidly in front of a detection system (e.g., a conveyor belt) in the presence of static ambient light

Lower pneumonia risk in COPD patients initiating fixed dose combination (FDC) inhaler comprising extrafine beclometasone dipropionate versus fluticasone

Grant support: This study was funded by Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A. David Price has grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd) from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Mylan, Novartis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Respiratory Effectiveness Group, Sanofi Genzyme, Theravance and UK National Health Service; is a peer reviewer for grant committees of the UK Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation programme, and Health Technology Assessment; and was an expert witness for GlaxoSmithKline.Peer reviewe

Centerscope

Centerscope, formerly Scope, was published by the Boston University Medical Center "to communicate the concern of the Medical Center for the development and maintenance of improved health care in contemporary society.

Introduction: approaching space in intellectual history

This article serves as an introduction to the special issue on Conceptions of Space in Intellectual History. It opens with a brief inquiry into the place of ‘space’, both as a topic and as an analytical lens, in the field of intellectual history. The remainder of the introduction suggests a pathway through the special issue. Under three broad headings – ‘territory,’ ‘oceans and empire’, and ‘geopolitics’ – the volume’s articles are presented, brought into dialogue, and situated within a wider trajectory of recent research on conceptions of ‘space’ in intellectual history.Arts and Humanities Research Council; Cambridge Commonwealth, European & International Trust; Levy-Plumb Fund for the Humanities at Christ's College, Cambridge