132 research outputs found
Productivity of different species of entomopathogenic fungi based on one type of technology
). Productivity of different species of entomopathogenic fungi based on one type of technology. International Journal of Agricultural Technology 9(3):571-580. Abstract One type of technology based on millet grain was estimated for the mass production of different species and strains of entomopathogenic fungi including Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Mariannaea sp. and Tilachlidium sp. The unified technology previously detailed and developed for the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana, based on millet grain, was acceptable for the production of fungal aerial conidia for all species and strains used in the experiments. All fungi actively colonized the grain substratum, formed mycelial biomass and produced conidia within 14 days at 22-24 Î C. The yield of conidia fluctuated from 0.4x10 9 to 6.5x10 9 conidia/g of dry substratum depending on species and strain of fungus
Molecular markers for species identification of Hessian fly males caught on sticky pheromone traps
Citation: Chen, M., . . . & Skinner, M. (2014). Molecular Markers for Species Identification of Hessian Fly Males
Caught on Sticky Pheromone Traps. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(3), 1110-1117.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1603/EC13384Pheromone traps have been widely used to monitor insect population activity. However, sticky pheromone traps for the Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor), one of the most destructive pests of wheat, have been used only in recent years. Hessian fly male adults are small and fragile, and preserving specimens during sorting of sticky pheromone traps is a challenge when intact specimens are often required to visually distinguish them from related insects such as fungus gnats. In this study, we have established a quick and reliable method based on polymerase chain reaction markers to correctly distinguish Hessian fly males from other closely related insects. Two Hessian fly-specific markers were established, one based on the trypsin gene MDP-10 and the other based on a gene encoding the salivary gland protein SSGP31â5. Both markers provided >98% identification success of 110 Hessian fly samples prepared from single insects. The method should provide a useful tool to allow for identification of Hessian fly individuals on sticky pheromone traps or in other situations when Hessian fly eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults are difficult to distinguish from other insects
A Mid-Infrared Imaging Survey of Proto-Planetary Nebula Candidates
We present the data from a mid-infrared imaging survey of 66 proto-planetary
nebula candidates using two mid-IR cameras (MIRAC2 and Berkcam) at the NASA
Infrared Telescope Facility and the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope. The goal
of this survey is to determine the size, flux, and morphology of the mid-IR
emission regions, which sample the inner regions of the circumstellar dust
shells of proto-planetary nebulae. We imaged these proto-planetary nebulae with
narrow-band filters () at wavelengths of
notable dust features. With our typical angular resolution of 1\arcsec, we
resolve 17 sources, find 48 objects unresolved, and do not detect 1 source. For
several sources, we checked optical and infrared associations and positions of
the sources. In table format, we list the size and flux measurements for all
the detected objects and show figures of all the resolved sources. Images for
all the detected objects are available on line in FITS format from the
Astronomy Digital Image Library at the National Center for Supercomputing
Application. The proto-planetary nebula candidate sample includes, in addition
to the predominant proto-planetary nebulae, extreme asymptotic giant branch
stars, young planetary nebulae, a supergiant, and a luminous blue variable. We
find that dust shells which are cooler ( K) and brighter in the
infrared are more easily resolved. Eleven of the seventeen resolved sources are
extended and fall into one of two types of mid-IR morphological classes:
core/elliptical or toroidal. Core/elliptical structures show unresolved cores
with lower surface brightness elliptical nebulae. Toroidal structures show
limb-brightened peaks suggesting equatorial density enhancements. We argue that
core/ellipticals have denser dust shells than toroidals.Comment: 32 pages, 5 tables, 2 e/ps figures (fig3 is available through ADIL
[see text]), to be published in ApJS May 1999 issu
Two Subclasses of Proto-Planetary Nebulae: Model Calculations
We use detailed radiative transfer models to investigate the differences
between the Star-Obvious Low-level-Elongated proto-planetary nebulae (SOLE
PPNs) and DUst-Prominent Longitudinally-EXtended proto-planetary nebulae
(DUPLEX PPNs) which are two subclasses of PPNs suggested by Ueta, Meixner, &
Bobrowsky (2000). We select one SOLE PPN, HD 161796, and one DUPLEX PPN, IRAS
171503224, both of which are well studied and representative of their PPN
classes. Using an axisymmetric dust shell radiative transfer code, we model
these two sources in detail and constrain their mass-loss histories,
inclination angles and dust composition. The physical parameters derived for HD
161796 and IRAS 171503224 demonstrate that they are physically quite
different and that their observed differences cannot be attributed to
inclination angle effects. If these calculations reflect a more general truth
about SOLE vs. DUPLEX PPNs, then these two subclasses of PPNs are physically
distinct with the SOLE PPNs derived from low mass progenitors and DUPLEX PPNs
derived from high mass progenitors.Comment: Accepted by ApJ. 8 fig
An HST Snapshot Survey of Proto-Planetary Nebulae Candidates: Two Types of Axisymmetric Reflection Nebulosities
We report the results from an optical imaging survey of proto-planetary
nebula candidates using the HST. We exploited the high resolving power and wide
dynamic range of HST and detected nebulosities in 21 of 27 sources. All
detected reflection nebulosities show elongation, and the nebula morphology
bifurcates depending on the degree of the central star obscuration. The
Star-Obvious Low-level-Elongated (SOLE) nebulae show a bright central star
embedded in a faint, extended nebulosity, whereas the DUst-Prominent
Longitudinally-EXtended (DUPLEX) nebulae have remarkable bipolar structure with
a completely or partially obscured central star. The intrinsic axisymmetry of
these proto-planetary nebula reflection nebulosities demonstrates that the
axisymmetry frequently found in planetary nebulae predates the proto-planetary
nebula phase, confirming previous independent results. We suggest that
axisymmetry in proto-planetary nebulae is created by an equatorially enhanced
superwind at the end of the asymptotic giant branch phase. We discuss that the
apparent morphological dichotomy is caused by a difference in the optical
thickness of the circumstellar dust/gas shell with a differing equator-to-pole
density contrast. Moreover, we show that SOLE and DUPLEX nebulae are physically
distinct types of proto-planetary nebulae, with a suggestion that higher mass
progenitor AGB stars are more likely to become DUPLEX proto-planetary nebulae.Comment: 27 pages (w/ aaspp4.sty), 6 e/ps figures, 4 tables (w/ apjpt4.sty).
Data images are available via ADIL
(http://imagelib.ncsa.uiuc.edu/document/99.TU.01) To be published in Ap
Host Plant Associations of an Entomopathogenic Variety of the Fungus, Colletotrichum acutatum, Recovered from the Elongate Hemlock Scale, Fiorinia externa
A fungal epizootic has been detected in populations of the scale Fiorinia externa Ferris (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in the eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) CarriĂšre (Pinales: Pinaceae), of several northeastern states. Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds var. fioriniae Marcelino and Gouli var. nov. inedit (Phyllachorales: Phyllachoraceae), a well-known plant pathogen, was the most commonly recovered fungus from these infected scales. This is the second report of a Colletotrichum sp. infecting scale insects. In Brazil C. gloeosporioides f. sp. ortheziidae recovered from Orthezia praelonga is under development as a biopesticide for citrus production. C. acutatum was detected growing endophytically in 28 species of plants within the epizootic areas. DNA sequences of the High Mobility Box at the MAT 1â2, mating type gene indicate that Colletotrichum sp. isolates recovered from scale insects and plants within epizootic areas were identical. Results from plant bioassays showed that this entomopathogenic Colletotrichum variety grew endophytically in all of the plants tested without causing external symptoms or signs of infection, with the exception of strawberry plants where mild symptoms of infection were observed. The implications of these findings with respect to the use of this fungus as a biological control agent are discussed
Structure and Functions of Pediatric Aerodigestive Programs: A Consensus Statement
Aerodigestive programs provide coordinated interdisciplinary care to pediatric patients with complex congenital or acquired conditions affecting breathing, swallowing, and growth. Although there has been a proliferation of programs, as well as national meetings, interest groups and early research activity, there is, as of yet, no consensus definition of an aerodigestive patient, standardized structure, and functions of an aerodigestive program or a blueprint for research prioritization. The Delphi method was used by a multidisciplinary and multi-institutional panel of aerodigestive providers to obtain consensus on 4 broad content areas related to aerodigestive care: (1) definition of an aerodigestive patient, (2) essential construct and functions of an aerodigestive program, (3) identification of aerodigestive research priorities, and (4) evaluation and recognition of aerodigestive programs and future directions. After 3 iterations of survey, consensus was obtained by either a supermajority of 75% or stability in median ranking on 33 of 36 items. This included a standard definition of an aerodigestive patient, level of participation of specific pediatric disciplines in a program, essential components of the care cycle and functions of the program, feeding and swallowing assessment and therapy, procedural scope and volume, research priorities and outcome measures, certification, coding, and funding. We propose the first consensus definition of the aerodigestive care model with specific recommendations regarding associated personnel, infrastructure, research, and outcome measures. We hope that this may provide an initial framework to further standardize care, develop clinical guidelines, and improve outcomes for aerodigestive patients
Trapping \u3ci\u3ePhyllophaga \u3c/i\u3espp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) in the United States and Canada using sex attractants.
The sex pheromone of the scarab beetle, Phyllophaga anxia, is a blend of the methyl esters of two amino acids, L-valine and L-isoleucine. A field trapping study was conducted, deploying different blends of the two compounds at 59 locations in the United States and Canada. More than 57,000 males of 61 Phyllophaga species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) were captured and identified. Three major findings included: (1) widespread use of the two compounds [of the 147 Phyllophaga (sensu stricto) species found in the United States and Canada, males of nearly 40% were captured]; (2) in most species intraspecific male response to the pheromone blends was stable between years and over geography; and (3) an unusual pheromone polymorphism was described from P. anxia. Populations at some locations were captured with L-valine methyl ester alone, whereas populations at other locations were captured with L-isoleucine methyl ester alone. At additional locations, the L-valine methyl ester-responding populations and the L-isoleucine methyl ester-responding populations were both present, producing a bimodal capture curve. In southeastern Massachusetts and in Rhode Island, in the United States, P. anxia males were captured with blends of L-valine methyl ester and L-isoleucine methyl ester
Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial
Background
Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy
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