Energieffektivisering och energioptimering av Strömma naturbrukscentrum

Strömma Naturbrukscentrum is an agricultural high school in southern Sweden. The establishment consists of over 30 buildings which includes student housing, lecture halls and animal housing. Due to its numerous buildings, Strömma faces a high energy demand. To address the high energy demand, this report was undertaken to explore ways to reduce and optimize the energy consumtion, as well as find solutions to reduce Strömma’s power peaks. For six of the buildings at Strömma, simulations in the calculation software program VIP-Energy were used to evaluate energy-efficient actions. The goal was to identify potential heat savings and by creating building models and analyzing various measures, the heat consumtions reductions were identified to a maximum of 141.5 MWh per year. An accumulator tank could also help the heat demand and possibly prolong the lifetime of the boilers. The project also investigated the possibility of implementing solar energy together with energy storage options, such as batteries and hydrogen, this to improve Strömma’s energy selfsufficiency. The modelling of the solar panels and the batteries was done in the software SAM (System Advisory Model) and MATLAB. With an assumed capacity of 200 000 kWh, the solar panels were not expected to consistently generate excess electricity beyond Strömma’s consumtion. It was therefore seen unnecessary to invest in batteries as a solution for energy storage. Hydrogen as a storage option also presented challenges such as requirments of space and high costs associated with the implementation. Both options were therefore considered unsuitable for Strömma.Strömma Naturbrukscentrum är ett naturbruksgymnasium i södra Sverige som kräver en stor energiförbrukning i sin verksamhet. Anläggningen består av över 30 hus som inkluderar elevboenden, lektionslokaler och djurhus. I detta arbete undersöks det hur verksamheten kan minska och optimera sin energiförbrukning. De alternativ som undersöks är hur stor förbättringen blir av olika energieffektiviseringsåtgärder för sex olika byggnader på anläggningen, om deras värmeförsörjning kan bli mer effektiv med en ackumulatortank, hur anläggningen kan bli mer självförsörjande på elektrisk energi genom installation av solceller och möjligheten att optimera det med batterilagring, bränsleceller och vätgas. För att undersöka detta användes VIP-energy, SAM och egna beräkningar i Matlab. Arbetet visade att de föreslagna energieffektiviseringsåtgärderna för byggnaderna tillsammans kan minska deras värmeförbrukning med 141,5 MWh per år och minska pelletsbehovet motsvarande 70 000 kr/år. En ackumulatortank kan hjälpa till att jämna ut effektbehovet och eventuellt medföra mindre slitage på pannorna. Solcellernas storlek hamnar på 200 000 kWh/år och eftersom produktionen aldrig överstiger konsumtionen är det inte lönsamt att investera batterilagring. Både vätgas och bränsleceller skulle ta för stor plats och vara för dyra för att det ska vara rimligt att investera i det

Young Adults’ Conceptions of the Sacred in Finland Today

Peer reviewe

The Bible on my Own Terms : A Study of Mediated Contacts with the Bible with Special Reference to Youth and the Internet

Does mediation via the Internet contribute to the use of the Bible as a cultural resource, and if so does this contribute to other ways of relating to the Bible as an authority? This is investigated in three steps. Firstly, quantitative survey data concerning Bible reading and other forms of contact with the Bible as well as attitudes to the Bible are scrutinized for variation over time and generational differences. Secondly, patterns of use on a Swedish Christian ecumenical web site on the Bible targeted at teenagers are explored. Thirdly interviews with young users of this web site are assessed in terms of detraditionalization. Earlier results emphasizing the privatizing effect of the mediation of religion are complemented by considering a cultural component against which the individual relates to religion in a manner which is both private and social. This study supports the findings of earlier studies on the Internet and religion, as to the significance of factors such as offline experiences of religion, attitude to pluralism, and technical features online. This study adds to those results by exposing how these features come into play in the use of a Christian website, and that such a site may also work as an arena for young people from diverse religious backgrounds. Thirdly, the role of the mediation of religion via the Internet for religious and social change is understood in a reciprocal manner: the Internet is a product of a time of insecurity, an agent contributing to this insecurity, as well as a cultural response to this insecurity. It is argued that the use of the studied website can be seen as detraditionalization, in terms of weakening of traditions and individualization of religion. The concept virtual plausibility structure is suggested for understanding the role of the Internet in between the individual and the social in late modernity

Sterila neutriner och interaktioner utanför standardmodellen i neutrinoteleskop

The failure of the Standard Model of particle physics to predict neutrino masses invites us to amend it. We have no reason to believe that the interactions currently described by the gauge group are the whole picture, nor should we expect that the number of fermions hitherto observed is correct. In this thesis, we explore two amendments to the Standard Model, and examine whether either of these is consistent with measured data. Firstly, we consider the sterile neutrino, which has no interactions described by the Standard Model. We examine the effect of this new fermion on the neutrino oscillation probabilities and present what could be a detectable signal in the TeV energy range. Secondly, we consider interactions beyond the Standard Model, possibly stemming from a higher-order theory. We show how the parameters of these Non-Standard Interactions (NSI) can modify the oscillation probabilities and within which energy range we expect to discern this signal. We use data from and simulate event counts in two Cherenkov detectors: IceCube and DeepCore. Moreover, we generate data and simulate a proposed upgrade of the DeepCore detector: PINGU. Using IceCube track events, we obtain best-fit values ∆m^2_41 = 0.01eV^2 and θ_24 = 0.67 for our sterile neutrino hypothesis at a p-value of 20%, which is not statistically significant. Hence, we found no evidence of a sterile neutrino in IceCube data. Moreover, we were unable to distinguish a signal from θ_34 in our IceCube simulation. We obtain stringent bounds on the NSI parameters and compare those to previous results in literature. We show that PINGU is expected to narrow the bound further on ε_μτ , especially by considering a joint analysis with IceCube and DeepCore. Finally, we see that an anti-correlation between ε_eμ and ε_eτ at probability level was propagated down to event level, which we expect to be observable by PINGU.Misslyckandet med partikelfysikens så kallade standardmodell att förutsäga neutrinomassor uppmanar oss att förbättra den. Vi har ingen anledning att tro att de interaktioner som för närvarande beskrivs av standardmodellens symmetrigrupp fullständigt beskriver universum, och inte heller vi bör förvänta oss att antalet fermioner som hittils observerats är korrekt.I detta examensarbete undersöker vi två förlängningar av standardmodellen och undersöker om dessa är förenliga med uppmätta data.Först introducerar vi den sterila neutrinon, som inte har några interaktioner som beskrivs av standardmodellen. Vi undersöker effekten av dennanya fermion på neutrinoscillationssannolikheterna, och presentera vad som skulle vara en detekterbar signal i TeV-området.Vidare introducerar vi en ny interaktion som vi kallar interaktioner utanför standardmodellen (NSI), som möjligen härrör från en högre ordningens teori.Vi visar hur NSI-parametrarna kan modifiera oscillationssannolikheterna, och inom vilka energiområden vi förväntar oss att urskilja denna signal.Vi simulerar två Cherenkov-detektorer: IceCube och DeepCore. Dessutom presenterar vi resultat som vikan förvänta oss att se från en föreslagen detektor: PINGU. Genom att analysera spår från muoner i IceCube erhåller vi bästa anpassningsvärden ∆m^2_41 = 0.01eV^2 och θ_24 = 0.67 för vår sterila neutrinohypotes, medett p-värde på 20%, vilket inte är statistiskt signifikant. Därmed hittade vi inga bevis på en steril neutrino i IceCube-datat.Dessutom kunde vi inte urskilja en signal från θ_34 i vår IceCube-simulering.Vi uppmäter snäva gränser för NSI-parametrarna och jämför dem med tidigare resultat i litteraturen. Vi visar att PINGU förväntas minska gränsen ytterligarehos ε_μτ, särskilt ifall man utformar en gemensam analys med IceCube och DeepCore. Slutligen ser vi att en anti-korrelation mellanε_eμ och ε_eτ på sannolikhetsnivå spreds ner till händelsenivå, något som vi förväntar oss kan observeras av PINGU

Modelling and Forecasting Electricity Load in Secondary Substations

In the energy sector a transition towards smart grid is now taking place as a step towards a sustainable energy distribution. In addition to many other solutions, this transition will depend upon extended measurements and data management to increase the knowledge about load flows (i.e electricity use) in the network. This thesis will concentrate on data management and statistical analysis of measurements based on a smart grid project in Hyllie Malm¨o’s largest development area with extensive environmental goals. The purpose of this thesis is to develop models for describing and forecasting the load in secondary substations as accurate as possible. In order to fulfill this purpose, measurements have been collected from secondary substationsinHyllie. Forcomparison,dataisalsocollectedfromFigeholm,wheremeasuringhas been going on for a longer time. Together with weather data from SMHI, the load data has beenusedtocreateastatisticalmodel-ageneralizedadditivemodel(GAM).GAMisatype ofregressionmodeldescribingtheload(activepower)inthesecondarysubstationbasedon a number of explanatory variables. These parameters are mainly weather variables, such as temperature and wind speed, and calendar variables; as time of day, day of week and time of year. The models also take into account the load and temperature of the days before, by including the lagged values as explanatory parameters. The data from Figeholm has been used for better detection of the annual pattern, since this data covers a whole year. All of the models show a significant relation between the load and the time of the day as well as day of week. For the stations in Figeholm a distinct annual pattern is also visible. This is not as pronounced for Hyllie, due to the shorter measure period. Furthermore, the laggedvaluesalsoseemtohaveinfluenceontheload. Consideringtheweatherdependence, all stations show a significant relation between the load and the temperature. For the Hyllie stations,therealsoexistarelationbetweentheloadandthewindspeedandglobalradiation. For all station in Hyllie, the same model, using the same explanatory variables has been used. This shows good model flexibility, as the load profiles of the Hyllie stations differs a lotbetweenthestations. Themodelshavealsobeentestedforpredictionoftheloadoneday ahead with relatively good results. Lastly, this thesis will discuss the problems with load modelling and prediction, and how it can be improved with more information and longer measure periods

Bibeln i nya medier : Livsåskådningsmiljö och bibeltolkning bland svenska ungdomar

Will new media contribute to Bible reading outside churches? What role does the Bible play in the life of contemporary Swedes? This is examined in three ways. First, a representative sample (n=1000) of the Swedish population was interviewed on uses of and attitudes to the Bible in different forms. Second, a Christian website concerned with the Bible was studied using an online questionnaire among 722 visitors. Third, 20 of those respondents, aged 15-24, were interviewed focusing the interpretation of a Bible text, religious background and participation, as well as media use. The results indicated, that the Bible actually is related to wider audiences by being used in different forms of distribution, a new finding compared to earlier research. The analysis identified a scale of relations to the Bible ranging from an explicitly religious dimension to a cultural dimension, interpreted as part of a chain of memory. Further, religion on the Internet functions either as a complement, or an alternative to local church involvement, despite the young peoples’ views of the Bible. The study indicated that in contemporary society individuals use the Bible indirectly via different forms of media by which they relate to the Bible as a cultural resource or icon, but also that this more private use opens up possibilities of reading the biblical texts in ways that may differ from traditional interpretational patterns

The Bible on my Own Terms : A Study of Mediated Contacts with the Bible with Special Reference to Youth and the Internet

Does mediation via the Internet contribute to the use of the Bible as a cultural resource, and if so does this contribute to other ways of relating to the Bible as an authority? This is investigated in three steps. Firstly, quantitative survey data concerning Bible reading and other forms of contact with the Bible as well as attitudes to the Bible are scrutinized for variation over time and generational differences. Secondly, patterns of use on a Swedish Christian ecumenical web site on the Bible targeted at teenagers are explored. Thirdly interviews with young users of this web site are assessed in terms of detraditionalization. Earlier results emphasizing the privatizing effect of the mediation of religion are complemented by considering a cultural component against which the individual relates to religion in a manner which is both private and social. This study supports the findings of earlier studies on the Internet and religion, as to the significance of factors such as offline experiences of religion, attitude to pluralism, and technical features online. This study adds to those results by exposing how these features come into play in the use of a Christian website, and that such a site may also work as an arena for young people from diverse religious backgrounds. Thirdly, the role of the mediation of religion via the Internet for religious and social change is understood in a reciprocal manner: the Internet is a product of a time of insecurity, an agent contributing to this insecurity, as well as a cultural response to this insecurity. It is argued that the use of the studied website can be seen as detraditionalization, in terms of weakening of traditions and individualization of religion. The concept virtual plausibility structure is suggested for understanding the role of the Internet in between the individual and the social in late modernity

Aiming for the Stars? : State intentions for Religious Education in Sweden and pupils’ attitudes.

This chapter investigates the relationship between the official aims and intentions of Religious Education (RE) in Sweden and the pupils’ attitudes. In Sweden, as in several Western countries, there is a growing recognition that teaching RE may contribute to social cohesion in an increasingly diverse society. This chapter argues that it is also necessary to take into account the cultural context in which the education takes place, for instance that Sweden has developed over a short period from a fairly monocultural society with a Lutheran state church to a religiously and culturally more diverse society, and that the country can be seen as highly secularised on an individual level. The aims of RE are investigated through analysis of official documents and the pupils’ attitudes are investigated by means of survey data from a nationally representative classroom questionnaire along with observations from focus group interviews with pupils in upper secondary school, aged 18–19 regarding attitudes towards RE and religious and cultural diversity. The chapter concludes that it is difficult to attain the lofty aims of intercultural understanding through RE teaching, especially among pupils who see themselves as nonreligious. It suggests utilizing the said gap between religious and nonreligious pupils.Silence, conflict or exoticism? Views of religion and Religious Education among senior high school students and teachers in multicultural SwedenImpact of Religio

Konstruktioner av Bofills båge : En undersökning av arkitektur och diskurs

Uppsatsen undersöker diskurs kring det postmoderna byggnadskomplexet Bofills båge på Södermalm i Stockholm, som uppfördes mellan 1989 och 1992. Med utgångspunkt i teorier om kritisk diskursanalys undersöks utsagor i tre artiklar och ett TV-inslag som behandlar projektet, samt det sammanhang som utsagorna och projektet befann sig i. Allmän teoretisk utgångspunkt är Michel Foucaults iakttagelser kring diskurs. Thomas A. Markus och Deborah Camerons tillämpning för arkitekturdomänen av Norman Faircloughs teorier om kritisk diskursanalys är teoretiskt och metodologiskt ramverk för undersökningen. Uppsatsen undersöker i ett inledande kapitel sammanhanget ur både ett allmänt internationellt och specifikt svenskt perspektiv. I följande kapitel undersöks utsagor i de tre artiklarna och TV-inslaget. Artiklarna och TV-inslaget undersöks var och en till form och innehåll och med bakgrund i sammanhanget. En avslutande diskussion sammanfattar och diskuterar tidigare kapitel, samt relaterar utsagorna till varandra och till sammanhanget. Det förs en diskussion om den modernistiska arkitekturvokabulärens, den svenska traditionens och det politiska perspektivets betydelse för det sammanhang utsagorna befann sig i