Studies on degradation of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon by using immobilized cell crude extract of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

In this work Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCIM-2074) has been identified as potential organism to decompose chlorobenzene by its crude extract through immobilization technique. P. aeruginosa wasgrown on chlorobenzene as sole source of carbon and energy. Chlorobenzene was used as an inducer to develop specific intracellular enzymes which will decompose chlorobenzene to non-toxicsubstances. Crude cell extracts produced which contains intracellular enzyme, were immobilized on sodium alginate beads. The beads were mixed with different concentration (100, 200, 300 ppm) of chlorobenzene to study the kinetics of degradation of chlorobenzene. The rate of decomposition of chlorobenzene by immobilized crude extracts was measured at different time intervals and it was found that 93 to 95 percentage of chlorobenzene can be decomposed with in 10 min. The immobilized crude extracts were reused for all other experiments and found that immobilization technique can be used for higher capacity conversion for the scale up process

Biodegradation of chlorobenzene using immobilized crude extracts in packed bed column

Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been identified as potential organism to decompose chlorobenzene by its crude extract through immobilization technique. P. aeruginosa was grown on chlorobenzene as solesource of carbon and energy. Chlorobenzene was used as an inducer to develop specific intracellular enzymes which will decompose chlorobenzene to non toxic substance. Crude cell extracts producedwhich contains intracellular enzyme, were immobilized on sodium alginate beads. The beads were packed in a glass column and added with different initial concentration (30, 40 and 50 ppm) ofchlorobenzene to study the kinetics of degradation. Nine sets of combinations of process variables were developed and used to produce crude extracts keeping other parameters constant. The rate ofdecomposition of chlorobenzene by immobilized crude extracts was measured at different time intervals and found that 80 to 83% of chlorobenzene can be decomposed with in 35 min. Theimmobilized crude extracts were reused for all other experiments and found that immobilization technique can be used for higher capacity conversion of scaled up process

Biodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol using Mycoplana dimorpha extracts and evaluation of kinetic parameters

Twenty seven combinations of process variables were developed and used to produce crude extracts of Mycoplana dimorpha. Crude extracts containing 2,4-dichlorophenol degrading enzymes, were immobilized on sodium alginate beads and degradation studies was conducted in a packed bed column. The rate of degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol by immobilized crude extracts of was measured at different time intervals and it was found that 82 to 86% of 2,4-dichlorophenol can be decomposed with different initial concentrations in 30 min. The Km and Vmax values were determined

WSDL-S: Adding Semantics to WSDL

Web services have primarily been designed for providing inter-operability between business applications. Current technologies assume a large amount of human interaction, for integrating two applications. This is primarily due to the fact that business process integration requires understanding of data and functions of the involved entities. Semantic Web technologies, powered by description logic based languages like OWL[1], aim to add greater meaning to Web content, by annotating the data with ontologies. Ontologies provide a mechanism of providing shared conceptualizations of domains. This allows agents to get an understanding of users’ Web content and greatly reduces human interaction for meaningful Web searches. A similar approach can be used for adding greater meaning to Web service descriptions, which will in turn, allow greater automation, by reducing human involvement for understanding the data and functions of the services

Primate epididymis-specific proteins: characterization of ESC42, a novel protein containing a trefoil-like motif in monkey and human

Epididymal secreted proteins promote sperm maturation and fertilizing capacity by interacting with sperm during passage through the epididymis. Here we investigate the molecular basis of sperm maturation by isolating cDNA clones for novel epididymis-specific expressed sequences. Thirty-six novel cDNAs were isolated and sequenced from a subtracted Macaca mulatta epididymis library. The clones encode proteins with a range of motifs characteristic of protein-modifying enzymes, protease inhibitors, hydrophobic ligand-binding and transport proteins, extracellular matrix-interacting proteins, and transcription regulatory factors. The full length coding sequences were obtained for 11 clones representing a range of abundance levels. Expression of each is regionally localized and androgen regulated. The most abundant, ESC42, contains a cysteine-rich region similar to the signature binding domain of the trefoil family of motogenic wound repair proteins. The monkey and human proteins are nearly 90% identical. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the protein is most abundant in the epithelium of the caput and is also present in the lumen and bound to sperm. The ESC42 gene, located on chromosome 20q11, contains two exons encoding two nearly identical predicted signal peptides and a third exon encoding the rest of the protein

Analytical Study of Base Isolation- A Review

Now a days the rate of happening of seismic events increasing and due to that so many structures got collapsed or damaged. In order to reduce the damage to structures during earthquakes, now a days the base isolation system is widely adopted and used over the world. This paper makes a wide review on the various base isolation techniques adopted and used. Different types of isolating bearings and materials used in it are reviewed. Here the review is done for the isolation system in normal R.C buildings (regular and irregular in plan) and also for bridges. The effect of base isolation system on some historic structures is also reviewed. The various advantages and disadvantages of different isolating bearings are reviewed. Here the effect of temperature on some isolating devices are also reviewed

LCN6, a novel human epididymal lipocalin

BACKGROUND: The lipocalin (LCN) family of structurally conserved hydrophobic ligand binding proteins is represented in all major taxonomic groups from prokaryotes to primates. The importance of lipocalins in reproduction and the similarity to known epididymal lipocalins prompted us to characterize the novel human epididymal LCN6. METHODS AND RESULTS: LCN6 cDNA was identified by database analysis in a comprehensive human library sequencing program. Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) cDNA was obtained from an epididymis cDNA library and is 93% homologous to the human. The gene is located on chromosome 9q34 adjacent LCN8 and LCN5. LCN6 amino acid sequence is most closely related to LCN5, but the LCN6 beta-barrel structure is best modeled on mouse major urinary protein 1, a pheromone binding protein. Northern blot analysis of RNAs isolated from 25 human tissues revealed predominant expression of a 1.0 kb mRNA in the epididymis. No other transcript was detected except for weak expression of a larger hybridizing mRNA in urinary bladder. Northern hybridization analysis of LCN6 mRNA expression in sham-operated, castrated and testosterone replaced rhesus monkeys suggests mRNA levels are little affected 6 days after castration. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that LCN6 protein is abundant in the caput epithelium and lumen. Immunofluorescent staining of human spermatozoa shows LCN6 located on the head and tail of spermatozoa with the highest concentration of LCN6 on the post-acrosomal region of the head, where it appeared aggregated into large patches. CONCLUSIONS: LCN6 is a novel lipocalin closely related to Lcn5 and Lcn8 and these three genes are likely products of gene duplication events that predate rodent-primate divergence. Predominant expression in the epididymis and location on sperm surface are consistent with a role for LCN6 in male fertility

Modular Architecture and Unique Teichoic Acid Recognition Features of Choline-Binding Protein L (CbpL) Contributing to Pneumococcal Pathogenesis

The human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae is decorated with a special class of surface-proteins known as choline-binding proteins (CBPs) attached to phosphorylcholine (PCho) moieties from cell-wall teichoic acids. By a combination of X-ray crystallography, NMR, molecular dynamics techniques and in vivo virulence and phagocytosis studies, we provide structural information of choline-binding protein L (CbpL) and demonstrate its impact on pneumococcal pathogenesis and immune evasion. CbpL is a very elongated three-module protein composed of (i) an Excalibur Ca 2+ -binding domain -reported in this work for the very first time-, (ii) an unprecedented anchorage module showing alternate disposition of canonical and non-canonical choline-binding sites that allows vine-like binding of fully-PCho-substituted teichoic acids (with two choline moieties per unit), and (iii) a Ltp-Lipoprotein domain. Our structural and infection assays indicate an important role of the whole multimodular protein allowing both to locate CbpL at specific places on the cell wall and to interact with host components in order to facilitate pneumococcal lung infection and transmigration from nasopharynx to the lungs and blood. CbpL implication in both resistance against killing by phagocytes and pneumococcal pathogenesis further postulate this surface-protein as relevant among the pathogenic arsenal of the pneumococcus.We gratefully acknowledge Karsta Barnekow and Kristine Sievert-Giermann, for technical assistance and Lothar Petruschka for in silico analysis (all Dept. of Genetics, University of Greifswald). We are further grateful to the staff from SLS synchrotron beamline for help in data collection. This work was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG GRK 1870 (to SH) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BFU2014-59389-P to JAH, CTQ2014-52633-P to MB and SAF2012-39760-C02-02 to FG) and S2010/BMD- 2457 (Community of Madrid to JAH and FG).Peer Reviewe