Letter to Alpheus Manghezi from Bento Sitoe

Letter with a poem, given to Alpheus Manghezi by Bento Sitoe in September 1982, shortly after Ruth First's assassination. (This letter was read as part of Alpheus Manghezi's talk at the symposium A Revolutionary Life: Ruth First 1925-1982 in London on June 7, 2012.

Is ALT control really necessary for routine ART monitoring in resource poor settings?

2006 AIDS Conference in Toront

Limpopo River Basin Monograph

The purpose of the Limpopo River Basin Monograph Study (LRBMS) is to compile essential baseline information on the Limpopo River Basin. This is required for the preparation of alternative development scenarios and an Integrated Water Resources Management Strategy and Plan (IWRM Strategy and Plan) for the sustainable management of the Basin. Six themes were agreed for the structure of the monograph and each is described below: Basin Characteristics Socio-economy River Basin Ecosystem Water Resources Water Governance LIMIS There are two main elements of the monograph that are the core outputs of the study, and they bring together the information from the six themes. The first element is the development of the Limpopo River Basin Information System (LIMIS). This comprises a GIS-based information management system that has been and will continue to be used to capture, analyse and manage all the relevant data for the Limpopo River Basin. The LIMIS is a long-term information management tool that will also be used to monitor the long-term impacts of development and management initiatives on the water resources of the Limpopo River Basin. The second key element is the Water Balance model for the Limpopo River Basin. The Water Balance will indicate where water shortages exist and where interventions are necessary to reconcile water requirements with water availability.The development of the Water Balance for the Limpopo has taken into account all the current water uses (surface and ground water) in the basin under current basin development conditions and management scenarios. It also takes into consideration the water availability, after providing for ecological water requirements and the possible impacts of climate change

Plant derived powders as alternatives for Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) control in stored maize grains

Maize is the major staple food in Africa. In developing countries, post-harvest losses due to insect pests are up to 40% of total production. Inert  powders can be alternative tools in integrated pest management programs of stored cereals. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of ashes from cashew (Anacardium occidentale) branches, charcoal powder, dried and milled Eucalyptus citriodora leaves, and diatomaceous earth  (standard check), for Sitophilus oryzae control on stored maize grains. The experimental design was completely randomized with 11 treatments and 4 replications. Insect introduction was carried out immediately after treatment application and at 30 and 60 days after. The mortality assessment was performed by counting the dead insects at 10 and 20 days after each infestation. The emergence of S. oryzae adults was also assessed at three different times. The germination of treated grains was also evaluated. Data analysis was performed on the SISVAR statistical package. Diatomaceous earth showed maximum control efficiency (73.75%) at 10-day evaluation, reaching total control at a 20-day evaluation. The remaining treatment control efficiency was below 50% in all concentrations and evaluations. The lowest insect emergence rates were observed in grains treated with diatomaceous earth or charcoal powder, which were more efficient than cashew ashes, Eucalyptus citriodora, and untreated control. There was no  significant effect of the tested products on seed germination so, they can be used in smallholder farmers' grain storage. The results allow us to affirm that Eucalyptus citriodora charcoal powder, and cashew ashes can be used to reduce Sitophilus oryzae damage in traditional agricultural systems. Considering the reduction in the Sitophilus oryzae progeny, the potential use of charcoal powder should be considered, given the efficiency compared to that of the diatomaceous earth. Thus, the plant-derived products tested in this study has the potential to be used in the integrated management of Sitophilus oryzae in stored products. Key words: Ash, Charcoal, Diatomaceous earth, inert, dust, maize, storage, pes

Extremismo, Radicalismo e Radicalização uma distinção necessária no debate sobre o Terrorismo

This article makes a conceptual debate on terrorism, extremism, radicalism and radicalization with the aim of producing distinctions that enrich the theoretical debate on the terrorist phenomenon, as it assumes that there are rhetorical traps that need to be clarified and overcome in order to improve the debate and theorization about the terrorism. For this purpose, the main methodology used was a qualitative approach, supported by bibliographic and documentary techniques, through which the main literature on the concepts was consulted, as well as documents from national and international institutions and organizations that deal with the phenomena under analysis. The main conclusion produced is that these four concepts are distinct from each other because terrorism is essentially a violent action carried out by individuals, groups, or even by States, against certain civilian targets with the intention of reaching a larger audience than the immediate victims, with a specific political objective; in turn, extremism refers to violent or non-violent intolerance of others based on the conviction of the assertiveness of one’s beliefs and consequent attempt to restrict the freedom of others to think and act; while radicalism represents a progressive thought that consists of the struggle for rights and freedoms of traditionally excluded groups and; finally, radicalization is the process that an individual goes through until the decision to commit terrorist acts. As a result, extremism is part of the process of radicalization and terrorism is an action resulting from radicalization. Radicalism is a concept more distant from the others due to its positive connotation in social transformation.This article makes a conceptual debate on terrorism, extremism, radicalism and radicalization with the aim of producing distinctions that enrich the theoretical debate on the terrorist phenomenon, as it assumes that there are rhetorical traps that need to be clarified and overcome in order to improve the debate and theorization about the terrorism. For this purpose, the main methodology used was a qualitative approach, supported by bibliographic and documentary techniques, through which the main literature on the concepts was consulted, as well as documents from national and international institutions and organizations that deal with the phenomena under analysis. The main conclusion produced is that these four concepts are distinct from each other because terrorism is essentially a violent action carried out by individuals, groups, or even by States, against certain civilian targets with the intention of reaching a larger audience than the immediate victims, with a specific political objective; in turn, extremism refers to violent or non-violent intolerance of others based on the conviction of the assertiveness of one’s beliefs and consequent attempt to restrict the freedom of others to think and act; while radicalism represents a progressive thought that consists of the struggle for rights and freedoms of traditionally excluded groups and; finally, radicalization is the process that an individual goes through until the decision to commit terrorist acts. As a result, extremism is part of the process of radicalization and terrorism is an action resulting from radicalization. Radicalism is a concept more distant from the others due to its positive connotation in social transformation.Este artigo faz um debate conceptual de terrorismo, extremismo, radicalismo e radicalização com o objectivo de produzir distinções que enriqueçam o debate teórico sobre o fenómeno terrorista, pois assume que há armadilhas retóricas que é preciso esclarecer e ultrapassar para melhorar o debate e teorização sobre o terrorismo. Para o efeito, a principal metodologia usada foi uma abordagem qualitativa, com apoio das técnicas bibliográfica e documental, através das quais foi consultada a principal literatura sobre os conceitos, bem como documentos de instituições e organizações nacionais e internacionais que lidam com os fenómenos em análise. A principal conclusão produzida é de que estes quatro conceitos são distintos entre si porquanto o terrorismo é essencialmente uma acção violenta levada a cabo por indivíduos, grupos, ou até mesmo pelos Estados, contra determinados alvos civis com a pretensão de atingir uma audiência maior do que as vítimas imediatas, visando um objectivo político determinado; por sua vez, o extremismo refere-se à uma intolerância violenta ou não violenta aos outros baseada na convicção da assertividade das suas crenças e consequente tentativa de coartar a liberdade de pensar e agir dos demais; enquanto o radicalismo representa um pensamento progressista que consiste na luta por direitos e liberdades de grupos tradicionalmente excluídos e; finalmente, a radicalização é o processo pelo qual um indivíduo passa até a decisão de cometer actos terroristas. Com isso, o extremismo insere-se no processo de radicalização e o terrorismo é uma acção consequente da radicalização. O radicalismo é um conceito mais distante dos demais pela sua conotação positiva na transformação social

Papel da infraestrutura de telecomunicações moçambicana no âmbito da defesa nacional

Partindo da caracterização dos objetivos estratégicos da DN e consequentemente os das Forças Armadas (FFAA), que os aponta como garantia última da realização das funções e tarefas essenciais do Estado soberano e independente, este Trabalho de Investigação estuda a forma como a IET pode contribuir para reforçar o laço singular das FFAA à sociedade de onde emanam apesar de continuarem a sentirem dificuldades no processo da realização das suas missões por falta de acesso às modernas tecnologias de informação e comunicação condicionado pela reduzida escassez de recursos para o uso. Para se apreciar o modo como se deve lidar com o fenómeno da IET, serão apreciadas as linhas mestras sobre a sua estruturação, capacidades e seu desenvolvimento futuro e analisar as relações que se mantem na atualidade e de que forma pode prevalecer uma relação de cooperação, de partilha da IET, permitindo compreender a natureza das variáveis que ditam o seu impacto no planeamento e durante a conduta das operações militares. A predominância da IET começou em meados da última década a sofrer o impacto da evolução das ferramentas da web 2.0, onde a partilha livre e massificada de informação em rede veio trazer uma alternativa para as FFAA desenvolverem as suas acções em ambiente das exigências atuais dos campos de batalha capacitando desta forma a operacionalidade e robustez dos sistemas de comando e controlo. Para lidar com este cenário, a estrutura existente de comunicações disponibiliza o acesso dedicado e permanente à internet baseado em ligações diretas a fibra ótica de elevada fiabilidade e desempenho exigindo se uma reestruturação, com base no princípio de que a capacidade das FFAA e DN deverá ser obtida sob orientação da tutela, desenvolvendo uma estratégia de relações institucionais que apontará o caminho de cooperação e partilha potenciando assim as FFAA de uma infra-estrutura privativa. Será desta forma, o modo como todos devem se envolver na causa de Defesa Nacional. O modelo que o estudo apresenta de alguma forma constitui um contributo para a elaboração de uma estratégia de comunicações para a DN e FFAA em particular. Abstract: Based on the characterization of the strategic objectives of the DN and consequently the Armed Forces (FFAA), points out that as the ultimate guarantee of the performance of functions and tasks of the independent and sovereign state, this research work examines how the EIT may contribute to strengthen the Armed Forces a unique link to the society from which they emanate although they continue to have difficulties in the process of carrying out their missions because they lack access to modern information and communication technologies conditioning reduced by lack of resources to use. To appreciate how one should deal with the phenomenon of EIT, the guidelines will be assessed on their structure, capabilities and its future development and analyze the relationships that keeps on today and how they can claim a relationship of cooperation, sharing of the ETI, allowing us to understand the nature of the variables that dictate their impact during the planning and conduct of military operations. The predominance of the ETI began in the middle of the last decade to be impacted by the evolution of web 2. 0 tools, where the mass and free sharing of information network has brought an alternative to the armed forces develop their actions in the environment of the current requirements of the fields battle thus enabling the operability and robustness of control systems and control. To deal with this scenario, the existing structure provides communications dedicated access and permanent Internet connections based on direct fiber optic high reliability and performance demanded a restructuring based on the principle that the ability of the armed forces and DN should be obtained under the guidance of the trust, developing a strategy for institutional relations that point the way for cooperation and sharing thereby enhancing the armed forces of a private infrastructure. Is this way, the way everyone should be involved in the cause of National Defense. The model study shows that somehow is a contribution to the development of a communications strategy for the DN and armed forces in particular

Workers’ compensation, minimum wages, and moral hazard scope. Stylized considerations on a South African case

Viewing issues from the perspective of workers’ compensation, the article highlights how for some South African sectors the simultaneous provision of a minimum wage and a permanent disablement coverage increases moral hazard scope. From an economy-wide perspective this increasing scope means that employers (and society) not only pay too much to provide workers’ compensation, but are doing so at a mounting pace. The article considers some policy options that are overall not too drastic as regards the elimination of the increasing scope, and in so doing it also reminds us about the crucial importance of careful institutional design

Aprendizagem ao longo da vida: Um conceito utópico?

A visão da evolução das sociedades europeias, apresentada pelo Livro Branco da União Europeia “Aprender e ensinar: rumo à sociedade cognitiva”, dá especial primazia às aprendizagens,ao acesso à aquisição de competências e ao conhecimento, enquanto factores determinantes de uma adaptação do conjunto europeu à globalização das economias, às mudanças tecnológicas e sociais. Esta visão resulta de uma determinada orientação política: a Aprendizagem ao Longo da Vida. No entanto, esta ideia está longe de ser nova, o presente artigo pretende analisar a evolução deste conceito nas suas diversas configurações principais, em particular a sua realidade na actual prática educativa e empresarial

Translation: languages and cultures in contrast

African Studies Center Papers in the African Humanities No. 9The author is a lecturer in the Tsonga language at Eduardo Mondlane University in Maputo. This paper was presented at the Seminar on Translation held at Boston University in December 1989 as part of the project on "African Expressions of the Colonial Experience. Publication of this paper was made possible by an interpretive research grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities